Log P Research Articles

Enhanced prediction of Cs removal by CST from Hanford tank waste with K accountability

AbstractThe treatment of Hanford tank waste is one of the most challenging environmental cleanup activities to date. To expedite the processing of liquid waste stored in underground tanks in Washington State it is necessary to remove the significant dose contributor, 137Cs. Crystalline silicotitanate ion exchanger is currently used to remove 137Cs from the aqueous phase of Hanford tank wastes in preparation for vitrification at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Improving the understanding of potassium impacts on ion exchange behavior of Cs will help in the operation of a critical component of one of the most complex treatment processes in the world today. Optimization of this process can result in significant cost savings and less waste production. Toward this effort, a series of batch contact tests varied in potassium concentration were conducted to look at the impact of potassium concentration on Cs distribution. Experimental distribution ratios (Kd) were compared to the distribution ratios predicted using the ZAM model. A significant underprediction of Cs capacity in the presence of potassium was seen with the existing model. A revision of the equilibrium constants was determined and provided a statistically better fit for determining the Cs Kd values in tank waste matrices.

An Improved Grid-Based Carbon Accounting Model for Forest Disturbances from Remote Sensing and TPO Survey Data

Forest disturbance is one of the main drivers of forest carbon flux change. How to accurately estimate the carbon flux caused by forest disturbance is an important research problem. In a previous study, the authors proposed a Grid-based Carbon Accounting (GCA) model that used remote sensing data to estimate forest carbon fluxes in North Carolina from 1986 to 2010. However, the original model was unable to track legacy emissions from previously harvested wood products and was unable to consider forest growth conditions before and after forest disturbance. This paper made some improvements to the original GCA model to enable it to track fluxes between all major aboveground live carbon pools, including pre-disturbance growth and growth of undisturbed forests, which were not included in the initial model. Based on existing timber product output (TPO) survey data and annual TPO records inversed from remote sensing data, we also worked to clarify the distribution ratios of removed C between slash and different wood product pools. Specifically, the average slash ratio for North Carolina was calculated from the difference between the C removed and the C flowing into the wood product as calculated from TPO survey data. County- and year-specific ratios were then calculated using the annual TPO records obtained from remote sensing and TPO survey data, dividing the removed remaining C into pools P1, P10, and P100, which were then applied to each 30 m pixel based on the county and year to which the pixel belonged. After compensating for these missing legacy emissions and adjusting forest growth rates from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, we estimated a net carbon sink of 218.1 Tg of the flux associated with live aboveground biomass and harvested wood products from North Carolina woodlands over the 25-year study period (1986–2010). This estimate is close to the greenhouse gas emission and sink data provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for North Carolina and is comparable to estimates reported by several other studies.

The Influence of Non-Pressure Pipes Filled to Different Degrees on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Channel–Pipe Combined Irrigation Systems

Modern irrigation areas often use a combination of channels and pipes for irrigation. Due to changes in terrain, inflow, and pipe diameter, pipelines are often prone to experiencing a state of no pressure. This lack of pressure affects not only the velocity distribution and water surface profile of the main channel but also the velocity distribution and flow distribution of the pipeline. Therefore, in this study, we employed a combination of physical model experiments and theoretical analysis to study the influence of non-pressure pipelines on the hydraulic characteristics of channel–pipe combined irrigation systems filled to different degrees. Through this, the variation laws of the flow velocity distribution, turbulence intensity, water surface, diversion width, and diversion ratio under different filling degrees were obtained. The non-pressure pipeline flow velocity expression was obtained through dimensional analysis, and the calculation formula for the non-pressure pipeline flow velocity coefficient was fitted using linear regression analysis. The relative error between the calculated value and the measured value did not exceed 8.81%. The research results presented in this article can provide technical support for the design and maintenance of channel–pipe combined irrigation systems.

Resource Sizing for Virtual Environments of Networked Interconnected System Services

Networked interconnected systems are often deployed in infrastructures with resource allocation using isolated virtual environments. The technological implementation of such systems varies significantly, making it difficult to accurately estimate the required volume of resources to allocate for each virtual environment. This leads to overprovisioning of some services and underprovisioning of others. The problem of distributing the available computational resources between the system services arises. To efficiently use resources and reduce resource waste, the problem of minimizing free resources under conditions of unknown ratios of resource distribution between services is formalized; an approach to determining regression dependencies of computing resource consumption by services on the number of requests and a procedure for efficient resource distribution between services are proposed. The proposed solution is experimentally evaluated using the networked interconnected system model. The results show an increase in throughput by 20.75% compared to arbitrary resource distribution and a reduction in wasted resources by 55.59%. The dependences of the use of resources by networked interconnected system services on the number of incoming requests, identified using the proposed solution, can also be used for scaling in the event of an increase in the total volume of allocated resources.

Enhancing thermal performance of jet-regeneration composite cooling systems: An analysis of flow mode and distribution utilizing supercritical n-decane and ambient air

To enhance the heat transfer performance of the scramjet, this paper conducts research and analysis on the impact of flow mode and flow distribution of supercritical n-decane and ambient air on flow and heat transfer characteristics, based on regeneration cooling channels. Given the disparities in fluid flow characteristics within the channel, the three flow configurations exhibit varying degrees of heat transfer deterioration. In the jet single outlet flow mode, the fluid mobility within the channel is relatively poor, leading to the most pronounced deterioration of heat transfer. The combined heat transfer performance between the jet fluid and the crossflow fluid is predominantly influenced by the number of jets and the distribution ratio of flow rates. Notably, the jet-crossflow single outlet arrangement exhibits exceptional heat transfer capabilities when the jet flow rate constitutes a relatively low proportion (12.5 %) while the crossflow flow rate is substantial (87.5 %). Ambient air, with its lower density, arrives at the heated surface with significantly higher velocities and greater turbulence intensity compared to supercritical n-decane. As the number of jet holes increases, the inhomogeneity (R) in the Nusselt number gradually diminishes. For most configurations, R is more pronounced in ambient air than in supercritical n-decane.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ISLAMIC SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN SHARIA BANKS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA 2018-2022

This research discusses the influence of the Islamic Social Responsibility on financial performance in Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. This research covers five years of observation, from 2018 to 2022 using panel regression data. The independent variable used in this research is the Islamic Social Responsibility (ISR) and Islamicity Performance Ratio which consists of Profit Sharing Financing Ratio (PSR), Zakat Performance Ratio (ZPR), Equitable Distribution Ratio (EDR), and Director-employee Welfare Ratio (DER). Then the dependent variable used is the financial performance of Islamic banks which is measured using ROA. And the control variable is Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), bank size, and Non Performing Financing (NPF). Data collected from annual reports and sustainability reports were analyzed using the Fixed Effect Model to see how ISR affect profitability in sharia banks. The research results show that ZPR and EDR have a significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, ISR, PSR, DER, CAR, FDR, size, and NPF do not have a significant effect on ROA as a measurement of the financial performance of Islamic banks.

Precision Denoising in Medical Imaging via Generative Adversarial Network-Aided Low-Noise Discriminator Technique

Medical imaging is significant for accurate diagnosis, and here, noise often degrades image quality, thus making it challenging to identify important information. Denoising is a component of traditional image pre-processing that helps prevent incorrect disease diagnosis. Mitigating the noise becomes difficult if there are differences in the low-level segment features. Therefore, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-aided Low-Noise Discriminator (LND) is introduced to improve the denoising effectiveness in medical images with a balanced image resolution with noise mitigation. The LND function is a key that distinguishes between high- and low-noise areas based on segmented features, which are also achieved by tuning the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Considering the training sequences, the LND-identified intervals lessen the sequences to improve the changes in pixel reconstruction. The generator function in this method is responsible for increasing the PSNR improvements over the different pixels cumulatively. The proposed method successfully improves the pixel reconstruction by 11.05% and PSNR by 9.75%, with 9.75% less reconstruction time and 13.11% less extraction error for the higher pixel distribution ratios than other contemporary methods.

225Aс/213Bi generator for direct synthesis of 213Bi-labeled bioconjugates

Background213Bi is a short-lived radionuclide currently trialed for alpha therapy of various oncological diseases. A serious obstacle to the wide medical use is decay losses of 213Bi during a conventional synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. In this work, we aimed to develop a two-column 225Aс/213Bi generator providing the accumulation of 213Bi separately from the parent 225Ac via continuous circular separation and decay of intermediate 221Fr. When attaining the transient equilibrium, 213Bi could be promptly extracted from the generator with an appropriate complexing agent, including chelator-protein bioconjugates. MethodsSorption behavior of Bi(III) ions onto the cross-linked dextran gel Sephadex G-25 was studied from solutions of hydrochloric and nitric acid, and from sodium chloride, sodium acetate and DTPA solutions. A bifunctional chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-DTPA was conjugated to an antibody Nimotuzumab specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the procedure of 207,213Bi-DTPA-Nimotuzumab synthesis in the dextran gel medium was developed. The parameters of 225Aс/213Bi generator system were evaluated. ResultsThe weight distribution ratios of Bi(III) adsorbed onto the Sephadex G-25 gel were obtained. Up to 85 % of 213Bi was accumulated in the second Sephadex-filled column of 225Aс/213Bi generator after four-hour circulation of 0.15 M NaCl (pH 5.5) solution. Having passed the solution of DTPA-Nimotuzumab bioconjugate through the second column, a fraction of 213Bi-DTPA-Nimotuzumab radioimmunoconjugate was produced with the radiochemical yield of 64 % ± 3 % (n = 6). High radionuclidic and radiochemical purity of product was achieved. ConclusionsThe circulating 225Aс/213Bi generator provides a 213Bi-labeled bioconjugate as a final product. While a conventional synthesis route including generator milking, bioconjugate labeling and size-exclusion purification takes >20 min, the duration of 213Bi-DTPA-Nimotuzumab production by the method proposed in this work is reduced to 6–8 min.

Non-invasive prenatal detection of dominant single-gene disorders in fetal structural abnormalities: a clinical feasibility study.

This study evaluated the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT-SGDs) for dominant monogenic genetic diseases associated with fetal structural abnormalities and to assess the feasibility of clinical application. Pregnant women requiring prenatal diagnosis due to fetal structural abnormalities were enrolled. Maternal peripheral blood was analyzed for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using coordinative allele-aware target enrichment sequencing (COATE-seq). This assessed fetal allele depth distribution, fraction and variation ratio. The variation's origin was then determined to obtain fetal variation information. Finally, NIPT-SGDs results were confirmed via invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD). Upon examination of 113 samples using NIPT-SGDs, COATE-seq successfully analyzed 112 for fetal variation, excluding one due to hemolysis. The study detected six positive cases, yielding a 5.36% detection rate. These disorders included tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1 and TSC2 being its causative genes), Noonan syndrome (PTPN11), polycystic kidney disease (PKD1), and Kabuki syndrome (KMT2D), occurring twice each, except for Noonan and polycystic kidney disease. Two false positives were due to the mother being a genetic mosaicism. Compared to invasive whole-exome sequencing (WES), NIPT-SGDs did not detect nine positive cases of IPD dominant monogenic diseases, accurately identifying 90.18% (101/112) of the actual positive and negative cases. Our findings demonstrate the clinical utility of NIPT-SGDs using COATE-seq in effectively identifying fetuses with dominant single-gene disorders. Furthermore, this method can be applied to all fetuses.

Assessment of longitudinal load spectrum characteristics and structural fatigue damage of metro vehicle body in service

Aiming at the structural integrity requirements of service vehicles, there is an urgent need to construct a set of analytical methods based on service load characterization to realize the life assessment of the critical weak regions of the vehicle body. This study measured the longitudinal load spectrum of a metro vehicle body under a typical service line using a calibrated coupler and traction bar. Based on the signal characteristics of the longitudinal loads, a dynamic load feature decomposition method is proposed to decompose the longitudinal load features into trend and fluctuation signals to reflect the overall and local laws. The longitudinal load transfer characteristics of the vehicle body under traction, braking, linear, and curved conditions are innovatively analyzed, and a longitudinal load distribution ratio coefficient with generality is proposed as the input of effective service load. The service stress spectrum of the vital points of the vehicle body is constructed, which can more comprehensively and realistically respond to the service stress state of the vehicle body compared with the standard design loads, which further improves the accuracy of the structural integrity assessment.

Assessing Lifetime Cancer Risk for Radiotherapists using the Excess Relative Risk (ERR) and Excess Absolute Risk (EAR) Models.

This research assesses the occupational radiation exposure of workers in the Radiotherapy Department at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, where ionizing radiation is frequently utilized. The study evaluates the annual effective dose, individual distribution ratios, and collective effective dose for the personnel. The obtained annual effective doses range from 0.25 to 2.75 mSv, and the collective effective doses range from 8.58 to 90.09 man-mSv for Administrative and Medical Physicists, respectively. No radiotherapist received an annual effective dose exceeding 5 or 10 mSv, ensuring that the lifetime cancer risk remains below 75%. This retrospective study relies on at least five years of thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) records to evaluate whole-body occupational exposure among personnel interacting with ionizing radiation. The TLDs were read using a Harshaw dual-4500 TLD reader on a quarterly basis over the five-year study period. The results indicate that no radiologist received an annual effective dose surpassing the 20 mSv limit recommended by UNSCEAR.

The Concept of the Estimation of Phase Diagrams (An Optimised Set of Simplified Equations to Estimate Equilibrium Liquidus and Solidus Temperatures, Partition Ratios, and Liquidus Slopes for Quick Access to Equilibrium Data in Solidification Software) Part I: Binary Equilibrium Phase Diagrams

This paper presents equations derived from thermodynamic equations for calculating the liquidus and solidus temperatures, the liquidus slope, and the partition ratio for solidification simulations. The constants of these equations can be easily determined from measurement data obtained by digitalisation from known diagrams or can be calculated using a CALPHAD-based software. ESTPHAD has a hierarchical system; the developed functions of the binary systems are used in the calculation of the functions of the ternary systems, the functions of the ternary systems in the calculation of the function of quaternary systems, and so on. The developed method is demonstrated by processing the liquidus and solidus of Si–Ge isomorphous and Al–Mg and Al–Si eutectic equilibrium phase diagrams. The use of this method for calculating the functions of ternary systems will be shown in Part II. The advantages of this method are that the equations are simple, can be determined very quickly, and can be built into the simulation software very easily. The most significant advantage is that the calculation time is shorter by some order of magnitude than that of a CALPHAD-type calculation.

Discovery of SZJK-0421: A Novel Potent, Low Toxicity, Selective Second Generation of CRM1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Both Hematological and Solid Tumors.

Nuclear export factor chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) mediated the transport of various growth-regulatory proteins and was frequently overexpressed in many hematologic and solid tumors. Selinexor (KPT-330) was the only approved CRM1 inhibitor, but the severe gastrointestinal and central nervous system toxicities limited its clinical application. In this manuscript, a series of novel second-generation CRM1 inhibitors were designed, in which SZJK-0421 was a more reversible inhibitor than KPT-330. The treatment of various tumor cells with SZJK-0421 significantly inhibited the function of CRM1. SZJK-0421 displayed good liver microsome stabilities and pharmacokinetic properties. Most importantly, SZJK-0421 reduced the direct damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the brain plasma distribution ratio of SZJK-0421 was very low in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (3%), which avoided gastrointestinal reactions such as central nausea and vomiting caused by large permeability of blood-brain barrier. In addition, SZJK-0421 exhibited strong anticancer efficacy in xenograft models of both solid and hematological tumors.

Learning ballet technique modulates the stretch reflex in students with cerebral palsy: case series

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is considered the most prevalent developmental motor disorder in children. There is a need for training programs that enhance motor abilities and normalize function from an early age. Previous studies report improved motor outcomes in dance interventions for CP. Investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying such improvements is necessary for efficient and safe intervention design. This study reports changes in stretch reflex responses as the primary neurophysiological motor outcome of a targeted ballet class intervention.ResultsA case series of participants with mixed spastic and dyskinetic CP (n = 4, mean age = 12.5 years, SD = 6.9S years, three female, one male) who learned ballet technique in a course of one-hour classes twice per week for six weeks is presented. Changes in stretch reflex responses and in clinical motor tests as secondary outcomes were observed after the course and at one-month follow-up. Quantitative measures of elbow or ankle stretch reflex were obtained using electromyography and electrogoniometry. The joint angle of the stretch reflex onset varied across velocities of stretch, and its variability decreased after the intervention. Within-subject tests of the central tendency of stretch reflex angle coefficients of variation and frequency distribution demonstrated significant changes (p-values < 0.05). Secondary outcomes included the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS), and Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE). All the participants demonstrated improvements larger than the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) or the smallest detectable difference (SDD), as applicable.ConclusionsEvidence of changes in the stretch reflex responses in these four cases of mixed CP was observed. The observed variability in the stretch reflex responses may be due to the dyskinetic component of the mixed CP presentations. More studies with a larger sample size and longer duration of learning and practice of ballet technique are necessary to establish the extent of possible modulation and adaptation of the stretch reflex response as a neurophysiological basis for observed improvements in clinical measures.Trial registration: This study was registered in the Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System (NCT04237506, January 17, 2020).

The evolution of inequality in Mozambique 1996/97–2019/20

ABSTRACT After decades of war, Mozambique experienced sustained economic growth and poverty reduction from the mid-1990s. However, these positive dynamics started to revert from 2015. Meanwhile, inequality stagnated in the period 1996/97–2008/09, before markedly increasing afterwards. In this study, we analyse some of the most relevant indicators of inequality for Mozambique and their trends over the last 25 years. Using real per capita consumption as the main welfare aggregate, we look at various indicators of inequality, including the consumption distribution, percentiles and percentile ratios, growth incidence curves, Lorenz curves, and Gini indices. In addition, we discuss spatial inequality. Overall, we find that until 2014/15, consumption increased for the whole population, but it did so much more for richer households; conversely, in the last few years, consumption has reduced across the distribution, but the relative consumption-gap between better- and worse-off people has continued to increase.

Innovative use of wastewater-extracted Arabinoxylans: Elevating steamed bread texture and structure

Water-extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX) are utilized as additives to enhance the properties of flour-based products. This study investigates the impact of WEAX, extracted from wastewater, on the texture, water distribution, and microstructure of steamed breads. The results showed that WEAX positively affected the hardness, moisture distribution and stomatal area ratio of steamed breads. WEAX reduced the hardness of steamed breads by 36 % among the various treatments, suggesting that WEAX formed cross-linked polymers with gluten proteins through covalent and hydrogen bonds, which reduced the hardness of steamed breads. Notably, the gluten network is improved by the addition of WEAX, resulting in a denser and more homogeneous pore structure in the dough. Overall, the incorporation of WEAX positively influenced the texture, water distribution, and porosity of steamed breads. This finding offers a theoretical foundation for the utilization of WEAX, extracted from wastewater, in the industrial production of steamed bread and other flour-based products.

Grain size dependence of deformation behavior in Ti–15Mo alloy prepared by powder metallurgy

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating grain refinement to 4 μm via a mass-production method for the Ti–15Mo alloy. Grain sizes ranging from 4 to 38 μm were achieved by controlling thermomechanical processing in powder metallurgy, combined with heat treatment using recycled coarse powders for additive manufacturing. The critical grain size for deformation twinning was investigated, alongside an analysis of the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the Ti–15Mo alloy with various grain sizes. Upon refining the grain size to 7 μm, deformation twinning is inhibited, shifting the plastic deformation mechanism from mechanical twinning to dislocation slip. The yield strength can be adjusted between 921 and 715MPa, with elongation ranging from 18.4% to 34.4%, by varying the grain size distribution ratio of small to large grains relative to 7 μm from 1.5 to 0.42. This strengthening effect primarily arises from dislocation strengthening, Mo solid solution, texture strengthening, and modifications in the Hall-Petch constant due to changes in deformation behavior during grain refinement.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ СПОЖИВАЧІВ ПОХОДЖЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ ВІД НИЗЬКОВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ

This article presents a method for assessing the share of electricity consumption of a particular consumer that is provided by renewable sources of energy (RES). In particular, we are talking about estimating the share of electricity of a particular consumer that it receives from low-carbon energy sources (LCES). Confirmation of the origin of the consumed electricity allows manufacturers to produce products with green labeling and/or improve the company's image among customers, investors, and partners. The method is based on methods and algorithms for calculating the steady-state modes of power grids. The method is based on a mathematical model for determining the components of electricity flows in the branches of the power grid circuit, which uses the coefficients of current distribution in the branches of the circuit from nodes with generation sources and nodal voltages. As a result, a matrix of power distribution coefficients in the branches of the power grid is formed. Since renewable energy sources, including renewable sources of energy (RSE) and nuclear power plants in electric power systems (EPS), use general-purpose power grids to transmit the electricity they generate, determining their share of power in the flows allows us to take into account the influence of different generation sources on the parameters of the EPS mode. In this paper, we calculated the steady-state mode of a 14-node circuit with different voltage classes (110 kV and 220 kV) and different energy sources, including renewable energy sources. In particular, by calculations using the method of guaranteed power origin, power flows in the branches of the electrical circuit and power losses in them were determined. The results of computer modeling in the Power Factory software package are commensurate with the results of calculations, which confirms the adequacy of the method.

A modeling method based on incomplete mixed cells in counter-current chromatography: Interphase mass transfer ratio

Complex mass transfer processes are highly involved in the performance of counter-current chromatography (CCC), so profound exploration should be conducted to improve the overall performance. To more accurately estimate the interphase mass transfer efficiency in the elution process, this study proposes an incomplete mixed cell model by linking layering-mixing-layering behavior and wave-like mixing. With the model, we proposed a fast estimation algorithm for interphase mass transfer ratio (IMTR), which can independently reflect the magnitude of the interphase mass transfer efficiency. The experimental results show that the IMTR of all samples was relatively small, with an average value of not >10 % under different operating conditions. This indicates that the low column efficiency of CCC may be mainly due to the low efficiency of interphase mass transfer. In addition, by analyzing the influencing factors of IMTR, it is found that IMTR is positively correlated with the number of theoretical plates and the retention of stationary phase (Sf), but negatively correlated with the number of incomplete mixing cells (n). Therefore, in the study of column efficiency optimization, we recommend that the distribution ratio, Sf, and n should remain unchanged in control experiments to ensure that IMTR directly reflects the effect on interphase mass transfer efficiency. This study further completes the evaluation index of the CCC column efficiency, revealing the underlying mechanisms of IMTR on column efficiency and providing a theoretical foundation for future research on high-efficiency CCC.

Frequency of Asymptomatic Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Ascites

Chronic liver disease (CLD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality around the world. In Pakistan, it is due mainly to infections of Hepatitis B and C. One of the complications of CLD, which is often important for such patients, involves an infection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Asymptomatic spontaneous bacterial peritonitis commonly develops in asymptomatic patients with ascites and is therefore preventable when it develops early. This study will determine the incidence of asymptomatic SBP in patients with CLD and ascites, providing potentially valuable data to support screening protocols for early intervention and improved outcomes. It was a cross-sectional study carried out for six months in the Gastroenterology Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. A total of 121 CLD patients with ascites, meeting particular inclusion criteria, were assessed. The cases were categorized as asymptomatic SBP if the cultures were positive with more than 10⁵ colonies or more than 250/mm³ polymorphonuclear cells, without fever, pain, or tenderness. The patients were stratified according to age, gender, and Child-Pugh classification. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, along with the Chi-square test for correlation between the Child-Pugh class and SBP.The proportion of asymptomatic SBP was at 14.8 % among 121 patients. The patients were older: 66.1%, were mostly more than 50 years old, with a fair sex distribution ratio of 52.1 females against 47.9 males. Patients classified into Child-Pugh Class C constituted the highest proportions of patients with SBP cases of 14.8 % and significant association at p=0.000. Asymptomatic SBP in 14.8% of the patients with CLD and ascites forms the justification for routine screening on hospital admission. Critical importance is placed on detecting asymptomatic SBP because this leads to earlier intervention and a potential reduction in the risk of major complications, particularly in patients classified as Child Class C. Keywords- Frequency, Asymptomatic, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis, Patients Chronic Liver Disease, Ascites