Particulate Bovine Bone Research Articles

A comparative analysis of particulate bovine bone substitutes for oral regeneration: a narrative review.

Particulate bovine bone substitutes (BS) are commonly used in oral regeneration. However, more literature is needed focusing on comparative analyses among various particulate bovine BS. This study evaluates pre-clinical and clinical data of different particulate bovine BS in oral regeneration. A narrative review was conducted by screening the PubMed database Included in the review were pre-clinical and clinical studies until 2024 comparing a minimum of two distinct particulate bovine BS. In addition to examining general data concerning manufacturing and treatment processes, biological safety, physical and chemical characteristics, and graft resorption, particular emphasis was placed on assessing pre-clinical and clinical data related to ridge preservation, sinus floor elevation, peri-implant defects, and various forms of alveolar ridge augmentation utilizing particulate bovine BS. Various treatment temperatures ranging from 300 to 1,250°C and the employment of chemical cleaning steps were identified for the manufacturing process of particulate bovine BS deemed to possess biosecurity. A notable heterogeneity was observed in the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate bovine BS, with minimal or negligible graft resorption. Variations were evident in particle and pore sizes and the porosity of particulate bovine BS. Pre-clinical assessments noted a marginal inclination towards favorable outcomes for particulate bovine BS subjected to higher treatment temperatures. However, clinical data are insufficient. No distinctions were observed regarding ridge preservation, while slight advantages were noted for high-temperature treated particulate bovine BS in sinus floor elevation. Subtle variances in both pre-clinical and clinical outcomes were observed in across various particulate bovine BS. Due to inadequate data, numerous considerations related to diverse particulate bovine BS, including peri-implant defects, must be more conclusive. Additional clinical studies are imperative to address these knowledge gaps effectively.

Maxillary vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement: A proof of principle randomized clinical trial.

The sandwich osteotomy technique usually requires high surgical skills and prolonged intraoperative time and had some technical drawbacks with a subsequent deficient amount of vertical bone gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical bone gain using sandwich osteotomy with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement in the anterior maxilla. This study included 16 patients having multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with a vertically deficient alveolar ridge. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Both groups were treated using sandwich osteotomy with interpositional particulate bovine bone graft. In the study group (8 patients, 17 implants), the transport mobilized bone segment was fixed in position using simultaneous implant placement. Whereas in the control group (8 patients, 18 implants), micro-plates and screws were used, followed by a second-stage surgery for plates removal and delayed implant placement. Radiographic assessment included 4months postoperative mean of vertical gain in alveolar ridge height, taken from cross-sectional cuts of cone beam CT. The mean vertical bone gain in the study group was 4.04 ± 0.59 mm compared to 3.86 ± 0.52 mm in the control group with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.518). The mean value of bone gain percentage in the study group was 33.02% compared to 31.75% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.656). The sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement is a reliable method for vertical ridge augmentation that eliminates the need for a secondary surgery.

Evaluation of bone gain through computerized microtomography images through use of different titanium meshes associated with particulate bovine bone graft and collagen membrane – study in rats

Evaluation of bone gain through computerized microtomography images through use of different titanium meshes associated with particulate bovine bone graft and collagen membrane – study in rats

Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation to Enable One-Stage Implant Placement by Using Bovine Bone Substitute and Platelet-Rich Fibrin.

Nowadays it is possible to perform an optimal implant placement and to achieve a good long-term prognosis for an implant-borne prosthesis in the grafted posterior maxilla. This study evaluates the efficiency of one-stage piezosurgery by using as graft material a combination of particulate bovine bone substitutes with platelet-rich fibrin to achieve sinus lift. We included in this study 14 cases of one-stage sinus lift surgeries during which we placed 30 standard implants. The mean vertical bone height gain was 10.12 mm six months after surgery, and the mean postoperative follow-up time was 43.79 months. There were no major complications during or after surgery, and all implants are in use. Therefore, it can be concluded that one-stage sinus piezosurgery using particulate bovine bone substitutes and platelet-rich fibrin can be applied as a predictable and effective technique in the treatment of the posterior edentulous maxilla ensuring 4-5 mm vertical bone height.

Hard tissue volume stability of guided bone regeneration during the healing stage in the anterior maxilla: A clinical and radiographic study.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is currently the most widely used technique to reconstruct localized peri-implant bone defects. To evaluate hard tissue volume stability during the healing stage of GBR with particulate bone graft and resorbable collagen membrane. Twenty-eight patients who were missing a single maxillary incisor and required implant placement combined with GBR were randomly assigned to 2 groups: submerged (n = 14) and transmucosal (n = 14) healing groups. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before, immediately after and 6 months post-surgery. The 3 sets of CBCT data were three-dimensionally reconstructed and superimposed. Horizontal hard tissue alterations at different vertical levels were recorded. The relative position and distances from the boundary line of the bony defect envelope to the outlines of the augmented ridge were determined immediately post-augmentation and 6 months after healing. Augmented ridge underwent horizontal volume reduction during the healing period. Vertical levels (P = .000) rather than healing strategies (submerged or transmucosal) (P = .182) had statistically significant impacts on the reduction width. The boundary line of the ridge defect envelope located within the bony profile immediately after surgery, but outside of the bony profile after 6 months. GBR with resorbable membrane and particulate bovine bone would undergo horizontal volume reduction during the healing stage. New bone formation at the coronal site may only be predictable within the bony envelope.

Attributes of Bio-Oss® and Moa-Bone® graft materials in a pilot study using the sheep maxillary sinus model.

The aim of this pilot study was to characterize surface morphology and to evaluate resorption and osseous healing of two deproteinated bovine bone graft materials after sinus grafting in a large animal model. Surfaces of a novel particulate bovine bone graft, Moa-Bone® were compared with Bio-Oss® using scanning electron microscopy. Six sheep then had maxillary sinus grafting bilaterally, covered with BioGide® . Grafted maxillae were harvested after 4, 6 and 12weeks. Healing was described for half of each site using resin-embedded ground sections. For the other half, paraffin-embedded sections were examined using tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining for osteoclast activity, runt-related transcription factor2 immunohistochemistry for pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts and proliferating cell nuclear antigen for proliferative cells. Moa-Bone® had a smoother, more porous fibrous structure with minimal globular particles compared with Bio-Oss® . After 4weeks, woven bone formed on both grafts and the Moa-Bone® particles also showed signs of resorption. After 12weeks, Moa-Bone® continued to be resorbed, however Bio-Oss® did not; both grafts were surrounded by maturing lamellar bone. Moa-Bone® was associated with earlier evidence of runt-related transcription factor 2-positive cells. Moa-Bone® but not Bio-Oss® was associated with strong tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts on the graft surface within resorption lacunae at both 4 and 6weeks post-grafting. Both materials supported osseous healing and maturation without inflammation. Moa-Bone® showed marked osteoclast activity after 4 and 6weeks and demonstrated positive attributes for grafting, if complete remodeling of the graft within the site is desired. Further optimization of Moa-Bone® for maxillofacial applications is warranted.

Socket preservation for dental implant site development A randomized controlled clinical trial

Aim of the study: To compare between the effect of two different bone grafting materials on the horizontal and vertical socket dimensional changes following posterior teeth extraction.Materials and Methods: 30 patients (13 females &17 males) were enrolled in the current study according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated to one of three groups. Group I involved socket preservation using demineralized allograft, group II involved socket preservation using cancellous particulate bovine bone xenograft, while group III served as a negative control group. Radiographic analysis using Cone Beam CT were performed at the time of socket preservation and 4 months later.Results: At 4 months, there was no significant difference between the three groups on all the sites except at the height of the center of the socket (P = 0.029). Pairwise comparison showed that the mean of group I (10.54 ± 2.10) was statistically higher than group III (8.17± 2.26), while there was no significant difference between groups I and II.Conclusion: Socket preservation following posterior teeth extraction using either allograft or xenograft did not significantly influence socket width change. However, the use of allograft can significantly decrease mid vertical height reduction compared with unassisted socket healing.

Corticocancellous fresh-frozen allograft bone blocks for augmenting atrophied posterior mandibles in humans.

Allograft fresh-frozen bone (FFB) is an alternative to autogenous bone for oral implantation due to bone quantity availability and lower morbidity for patients. Few specific studies about the use of FFB for reconstructing the posterior mandibular alveolar crest have been conducted. The objective of this study was to evaluate histological, histomorphometrical, and volumetric aspects of FFB allografts used to augment atrophied posterior mandible bone ridges. Sixteen hemi-mandibles of twelve patients presenting with critical alveolar atrophy were three-dimensionally reconstructed using corticocancellous FFB. Thirty blocks were fixed with titanium screws and covered with particulate bovine bone mineral and collagen membrane. Volumetric data were obtained by cone beam computed tomography analysis after 6months, implants were inserted, and bone biopsies were harvested and sent for histological and histomorphometric analyses. The blocks were distributed between nine female and three male patients (mean age, 50.9±8.3years). Thirty implants were installed, and the implant survival rate was 96.66%. Histology demonstrated newly formed vital bone contacting residual acellular allograft bone and connective tissue. The histomorphometric analysis showed 18.9±8.1% newly formed bone and 32.5±14.8% allograft residual bone. Graft absorption was 45% for height and volume, and both measures were significantly different (P<0.001). Fresh-frozen allografts are a viable alternative for reconstructing an atrophied mandible in the posterior region, allowing for new bone formation, installation of implants, and prosthetic loading.

A 3D printed TCP/HA structure as a new osteoconductive scaffold for vertical bone augmentation.

OsteoFlux(®) (OF) is a 3D printed porous block of layered strands of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite. Its porosity and interconnectivity are defined, and it can be readily shaped to conform the bone bed's morphology. We investigated the performance of OF as a scaffold to promote the vertical growth of cortical bone in a sheep calvarial model. Six titanium hemispheres were filled with OF, Bio-Oss (particulate bovine bone, BO), or Ceros (particulate TCP, CO) and placed onto the calvaria of 12 adult sheep (6 hemispheres/sheep). Histomorphometric analyses were performed after 8 and 16weeks. OF led to substantial vertical bone growth by 8weeks and outperformed BO and CO by a factor 2 yielding OF 22%±2.1; BO 11.5%±1.9; and CO 12.9%±2.1 total new bone. 3mm away from the bony bed, OF led to a fourfold increase in new bone relative to BO and CO (n=8, P<0.002). At 16weeks, OF, BO, and CO behaved similarly and showed marked new bone synthesis. A moderate degradation was observed at 16weeks for all bone substitutes. When compared to existing bone substitutes, OF enhances vertical bone growth during the first 2months after implantation in a sheep calvarial model. The controlled porous structure translated in a high osteoconductivity and resulted in a bone mass 3mm above the bony bed that was four times greater than that obtained with standard substitutes. These results are promising but must be confirmed in clinical tests.

A Novel Technique for Vertical Bone Augmentation in the Premaxillary Region

A severely absorbed alveolar ridge in an edentulous premaxillary region is often augmented vertically with various methods to allow for dental implant insertion. Such a severely absorbed ridge most often results from loss of bone due to periodontitis or trauma or after dental extraction; and if socket preservation is not performed immediately after extraction, the alveolus narrows and its vertical dimension may often be reduced by 4 to 5 mm. We introduce a new technique for bone augmentation in the premaxillary region, in which vertical bone augmentation can be performed simultaneously with the insertion of dental implants. The dental implants fix the bone transferred to the maxilla, and particulate bovine bone is placed in the gap between the 2 segments. This method involves a single operation only, requires minimal chair time, and reduces postoperative pain and swelling and involved gingival trauma. In addition, the period required before prosthodontic rehabilitation is shortened.