CoFe2O4 Particles Research Articles

Enhanced magnetoelectric properties of flexible CoFe2O4/PVDF composite films with different CoFe2O4 particle concentrations

Enhanced magnetoelectric properties of flexible CoFe2O4/PVDF composite films with different CoFe2O4 particle concentrations

Improvement of the magnetization and heating ability of CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 core/shell nanostructures

Abstract In this study, the effect of the shell thickness on the structural and magnetic properties of the CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 core/shell is studied. A single-phase core/shell nanocomposite was prepared by the hydrothermal method. The shell thickness was found to control the magnitudes of saturation magnetization and coercive field of the prepared samples. The thickness of the NiFe2O4, which covered cubic CoFe2O4 particles of 15 nm, was 1.8 nm, leading to an increase in the saturation magnetization by 26% and a decrease in the coercive field by 50% compared to bare CoFe2O4. However, a further increase in shell thickness caused interfacial dislocations due to the lattice mismatch between the core and the shell. Finally, the heating ability at high frequency was measured for all samples. Comparing the temperature rise under the influence of AC magnetic field, which indicates power loss, relative to bare CoFe2O4, it was enhanced by 100% for a shell thickness of 26 nm. The results of this study point to potential applications for these samples in the field of magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy and drug delivery.

Multiferroic properties in poly(vinylidene-fluoride)-based magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composites

Multiferroic materials (MFM) have drawn considerable attention for developing smart multifunctional devices. Herein, poly(vinylidene-fluoride)-based (PVDF) MFM composite films of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-PVDF/CoFe2O4-PVDF/Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-PVDF with sandwich-laminated structure are developed and investigated for its dielectric, magnetic, ferroelectric and magnetodielectric (MD) properties. An improved polar β–phase is formed with the particles of CoFe2O4 and Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 embedded in PVDF matrix. Both magnetic (M–H) and ferroelectric polarization (P–E) hysteresis loops indicate the multiferroic nature at room temperature, i.e., the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering in composite films. An enhanced ferroelectricity is obtained for the maximum polarization (Pmax∼1.57 μC/cm2 at 750 kV/cm) and the higher dielectric constant (εr∼16.84) as well as a lower dielectric loss tanδ < 0.04, compared to the pristine PVDF matrix (Pmax∼0.88 μC/cm2, εr∼10.26). A recyclable energy density of Wrec∼0.84 J/cm3 at 750 kV/cm is observed, together with a high efficiency (η∼87.82 %). The ferromagnetic behavior is confirmed by the M-H hysteresis loop, which exhibits significant magnetic properties, i.e., saturation magnetization (MS∼0.58 emu/g) and coercivity (HC∼1.72 kOe). Additionally, a robust magnetodielectric effect with a large negative coefficient (∼8.23 %) is achieved at a low magnetic field H∼3 kOe. The laminate composite film exhibits room temperature multiferroic with a large MD response, making it a promising candidate for utilization in intelligent multifunctional devices.

Continuous-flow degradation of Orange I using CoFe2O4-loaded activated carbon catalyst: Optimization of reaction parameters and toxicity prediction

Orange I (OI) azo dyes produce toxic aromatic compounds in water, making solutions an important issue. In this study, we employed the urea combustion method to load CoFe2O4 particles onto activated carbon (CFO-AC-500). Subsequently, the catalyst was incorporated into a column continuous flow device, testing the effects of multi water parameters and toxicity, and predicting the degradation process on the catalytic degradation of OI for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In CFO-AC-500/PMS continuous reactor, it showed a satisfied OI removal of more than 82 % of the OI at a flow rate of 73.6 mL/min in 240 min. Also, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the operating conditions, with model fitting results demonstrating that the OI removal rate could reach 95.07 % under specific conditions. ESR analyses revealed that the degradation of OI was primarily governed by free radicals (SO4•-, HO• and O2•-) and non-radical pathways (1O2). The biological toxicity of degraded OI was significantly reduced. This innovative CFO-AC-500/PMS continuous flow system can provide an effective new method for the degradation of difficult-to-treat pollutants in practical applications.

Interface enhanced magnetoelectric coupling effect of multiferroic liquids based on CoFe2O4@BaTiO3 core shell particles

A new type CoFe2O4@BaTiO3 (CFO@BTO) multiferroic liquid with different CoFe2O4 (CFO) particle sizes was constructed, and its magnetic properties, electrical properties, and magnetoelectric coupling effects were systematically studied. XRD results show that the CFO phase has a spinel structure, whereas the BaTiO3 (BTO) phase has a perovskite structure, with no obvious heterophase formation. It can be seen from the SEM diagram that the CFO powder has a cuboid shape, and the CFO particle size (1.56 × 0.58 × 0.48 µm, 3.16 × 1.04 × 0.66 µm, 6.47 × 1.53 × 1.40 µm, and 11.19 × 2.64 × 2.28 µm) gradually increased with increasing calcination temperature(T = 450 ℃, 550 ℃, 650 ℃, 750 ℃). TEM results show that the composite particles have obvious core-shell structure. From the hysteresis loop, it can be seen that the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the CFO@BTO powder gradually increases with increasing CFO size. The sedimentation stability of the multiferroic liquid gradually decreases, the dielectric constant and residual polarization (Pr) decrease first and then increase, and the magnetoelectric coefficient and magnetoelectric coupling coefficient increase first and then decrease. When the particle size of the CFO is 6.47 × 1.53 × 1.40 µm, the maximum magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is 210.76 V/(cm·Oe) under an applied magnetic field of 50 Oe, which realizes a strong magnetoelectric coupling effect at room temperature.

High Efficiency Removal Performance of Tetracycline by Magnetic CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 Photocatalytic Synergistic Persulfate Technology.

The widespread environmental contamination resulting from the misuse of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) has garnered significant attention and study by scholars. Photocatalytic technology is one of the environmentally friendly advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that can effectively solve the problem of residue of TCs in the water environment. This study involved the synthesis of the heterogeneous magnetic photocatalytic material of CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 via the solvothermal method, and it was characterized using different characterization techniques. Then, the photocatalytic system under visible light (Vis) was coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to explore the performance and mechanism of degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in the wastewater. The characterization results revealed that CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 effectively alleviated the agglomeration phenomenon of CoFe2O4 particles, increased the specific surface area, effectively narrowed the band gap, expanded the visible light absorption spectrum, and inhibited recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In the Vis+CoFe2O4/NaBiO3+PMS system, CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 effectively activated PMS to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4-). Under the conditions of a TCH concentration of 10 mg/L-1, a catalyst concentration of 1 g/L-1 and a PMS concentration of 100 mg/L-1, the degradation efficiency of TCH reached 94% after 100 min illumination. The degradation of TCH was enhanced with the increase in the CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 and PMS dosage. The solution pH and organic matter had a significant impact on TCH degradation. Notably, the TCH degradation efficiency decreased inversely with increasing values of these parameters. The quenching experiments indicated that the free radicals contributing to the Vis+CoFe2O4/NaBiO3+PMS system were ·OH followed by SO4-, hole (h+), and the superoxide radical (O2-). The main mechanism of PMS was based on the cycle of Co3+ and Co2+, as well as Fe3+ and Fe2+. The cyclic tests and characterization by XRD and FT-IR revealed that CoFe2O4/NaBiO3 had good degradation stability. The experimental findings can serve as a reference for the complete removal of antibiotics from wastewater.

The effect of CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/SiO2 nanoparticles on structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties of MOF-199

CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4/SiO2, MOF-199, CoFe2O4/MOF-199 and CoFe2O4/SiO2/MOF-199 were prepared, and their characteristics have been compared. According to the results, incorporation of silica shell significantly reduced the magnetic property of CoFe2O4 particles. Moreover, incorporation of ferrites in the course of synthesis of composite did not hinder formation of MOF-199, however, morphology and textural features of the composites were distinguished from those of bare MOF-199. The nonlinear optical parameters, such as (n2,β) and susceptibility of samples were evaluated with 532 nm wavelength through the simple and accurate Z-scan technique. The values of n2 and β were measured as 10-8(cm2/W) and 10-4(cm/W), respectively. By integrating MOF into materials, the nonlinear optical characteristics of compounds can be enhanced through electron transfers and the inclusion of π-electron delocalization systems within their structure. Our results indicated the unique properties of CoFe2O4/SiO2/MOF-199, which opens possibilities for advancements in telecommunication and other fields.

Influence of CoFe2O4 particle size on the development of in-situ phases and magnetic properties of ex-situ combustion derived ferrite-BaTiO3 composite

Influence of CoFe2O4 particle size on the development of in-situ phases and magnetic properties of ex-situ combustion derived ferrite-BaTiO3 composite

Magnetic coagulant derived from Cassia fistula seed for real textile wastewater treatment: A pilot-scale study

Cassia fistula (C. fistula) seed-derived coagulants have demonstrated substantial potential for treating dye-based wastewater. Such coagulants exhibit notable coagulating-flocculating activity and are environmentally friendly. However, recovering these natural coagulants from aqueous media poses challenges. In this study, we introduce a novel plant-derived magnetic coagulant that is a combination of C. fistula seed gum with magnetic spinel ferrite. This research includes a pilot-scale study to simulate full-scale textile wastewater treatment using this composite. Material characterisations revealed that spherical CoFe2O4 particles could be effectively coated with the active coagulant, C. fistula gum. The saturation magnetisation of the composite, measured at 54.11 emu/g, facilitates its convenient separation from aqueous solutions using an external magnetic field. Bench-scale studies showed that initial pH and coagulant dosage substantially affect the removal efficiency of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In the pilot-scale study, the C. fistula–CoFe2O4 composite demonstrated promising coagulant properties. It achieved a colour removal percentage of 94.0 % with a volume of 30 L and a coagulant dosage of 12.3 g L− 1. Using this coagulation–flocculation process as a primary treatment step, possibly followed by biological or membrane methods, can help meet Vietnamese environmental standards.

Poly Meta-Aminophenol (PmAP) as a Solid-State Electron Mediator in the Z-Scheme, Ag3PO4/CoFe2O4 Heterojunction: Mineralization of Highly Concentrated Bisphenol-A and Reactive Dyes Water Pollutants.

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of poly meta-aminophenol (PmAP) as a solid electron mediator in the Z-scheme photocatalytic system for organic pollutants (viz. bisphenol-A and reactive dyes) mineralization and also illustrated how PmAP transported the photogenerated electrons from an O2-emitting photocatalyst (Ag3PO4) to a H2-emitting photocatalyst (CoFe2O4) enabling enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The PmAP/Ag3PO4-CoFe2O4 (PAC-10), was prepared by a two-step process and characterized by various analytical methods to assess the impact of PmAP on optical, photocatalytic, and electrochemical characteristics of the CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Ag3PO4 composite. The morphological investigation revealed that the PmAP sheet was nicely decorated with evenly distributed Ag3PO4 and CoFe2O4 particles. The M-S plot and impedance analyses were used to assess the electrochemical capabilities of the catalyst. Z-scheme charge transfer pathways were well supported by the radical trapping experiment and HRTEM analysis of Pt photodeposited PAC-10 photocatalysts during the photoreaction. Because of its magnetic nature and ease of synthesis, the PAC-10 offers an easily recyclable Z-scheme photocatalytic system that has the potential for purifying wastewater with high concentrations (up to 100 mg/L) of organic pollutants within 30 min of visible light exposition.

CoFe2O4/PANI/MWCNTs ternary hybrid composites. Synthesis, characterization, the effect of MWCNTs ratio and dye removal capability.

We have synthesized cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) using the sucrose auto-combustion method and subsequently employed the in situ polymerization technique to fabricate ternary composites comprising CoFe2O4, polyaniline (PANI), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this novel investigation, we explored the influence of varying MWCNTs ratios on these composites' structural, magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties. The crystal structures of the synthesized composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed changes in bonding patterns, including the disappearance of ferrite bonds and the emergence of new ones. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrated a complete coating of PANI on both MWCNTs and CoFe2O4 particles, resulting in a substantial reduction in magnetization compared to pure CoFe2O4 ferrite due to PANI's nonmagnetic nature. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements confirmed this reduction, indicating a decrease to 7.3 emu.g-1. Thermal analysis demonstrated an enhancement in thermal stability with increasing MWCNTs content, as evidenced by an increase in the temperature equivalent for half decomposition (T50) from 486 to 522°C for composites with 40% MWCNTs. Moreover, the electrical conductivity showed a corresponding rise with MWCNTs content, increasing from 3.1 × 10-3 Ω-1.cm-1 to 2.2 × 10-2 Ω-1.cm-1, possibly indicating charge transfer from PANI to MWCNTs. To assess practical applications, we investigated the ability of the composite with 40% MWCNTs to remove phenol red (PR) dye from aqueous solutions. Through a systematic study of adsorption parameters and kinetics, we determined optimal conditions for effective dye removal and elucidated the underlying adsorption mechanism. Our results demonstrated the composite's efficiency in dye removal, with a 6.4mg·g-1 capacity for PR dye, highlighting its potential for environmental remediation efforts.

Wearable Magnetoelectric Stimulation for Chronic Wound Healing by Electrospun CoFe2O4@CTAB/PVDF Dressings.

Magnetoelectric stimulation is a promising therapy for various disorders due to its high efficacy and safety. To explore its potential in chronic skin wound treatment, we developed a magnetoelectric dressing, CFO@CTAB/PVDF (CCP), by electrospinning cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified CoFe2O4 (CFO) particles with polyvinylidene fluoride. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) serves as a dispersion surfactant for CFO, with its quaternary ammonium cations imparting antibacterial and hydrophilic properties to the dressing. Electrospinning polarizes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) molecules and forms a fibrous membrane with flexibility and breathability. With a wearable electromagnetic induction device, a dynamic magnetic field is established to induce magnetostrictive deformation of CFO nanoparticles. Consequently, a piezoelectric potential is generated on the surface of PVDF nanofibers to enhance the endogenous electrical field in the wound, achieving a cascade coupling of electric-magnetic-mechanical-electric effects. Bacteria and cell cultures show that 2% CTAB effectively balances antibacterial property and fibroblast activity. Under dynamic magnetoelectric stimulation, the CCP dressing demonstrates significant upregulation of TGF-β, FGF, and VEGF, promoting L929 cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, it facilitates the healing of diabetic rat skin wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus within 2 weeks. Histological and molecular biology evaluations confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of CTAB and the accelerated formation of collagen and vessel by electrical stimulation. This work provides insights into the application of magnetoelectric stimulation in the healing of chronic wounds.

Efficient removal of organic pollutants by activation of peroxydisulfate with the magnetic CoFe2O4/carbon nanotube composite.

A magnetic composite of CoFe2O4 and carbon nanotube (CNT) was prepared using the solvothermal approach and then employed for the activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade reactive black 5 (RB5) and other organic pollutants. Characterization results of the composite catalyst revealed the successful loading of spherical CoFe2O4 particles on CNTs, possessing abundant porosity as well as magnetic separation capability. Under the degradation conditions of 0.2g/L CoFe2O4-CNT dosage and 4mM PDS dosage, the removal efficiencies of 10mg/L RB5 and other pollutants were in the range of 94.5 to ~ 100%. The effects of pH, co-existing ions/humic acid, and water matrices as well as the reusability of the catalyst were also investigated in detail. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism and pathway were proposed based on quenching experiments, LC-MS analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the toxicity of the degradation products was evaluated in the quantitative structure-activity relationship approach.

Pseudocapacitive properties of polypyrrole – ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 composites

This investigation is motivated by increasing interest in materials combining advanced electrochemical charge storage properties and spontaneous magnetization. Pseudocapacitive properties of ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) are observed in a potential window of -0.6 -+0.2 V in Na2SO4 electrolyte. This finding opens an avenue for the fabrication of advanced composites containing conducting polypyrrole (PPy) polymer and CFO. Composite materials show outstanding capacitive properties, which are achieved at a low resistance for electrodes with high active mass. Electrochemical studies reveal synergistic contribution of CFO and PPy. At low charging/discharging rates the composite materials exhibit higher capacitance, compared to the total contribution of individual components. At high charging/discharging rates, the capacitance of composites is significantly higher than the capacitances of PPy or CFO. The composite materials show lower resistance, than resistances of the individual components. The addition of PPy to CFO results in reduced charge transfer resistance and enables better utilization of pseudocapacitive properties of CFO. The relaxation frequency and capacitance retention decreased with increasing PPy content. The investigation of capacitive properties of the composites provides evidence of beneficial magnetohydrodynamic effect of ferrimagnetic CFO particles. The ability to enhance capacitance at high charging rates opens an avenue for the development of high power pseudocapacitors.

A way to limit the long-term degradation of solid oxide fuel cell cathode by decorating the surface with K2NiF4-Structure Pr4Ni3O10+δ phase

Prolonged annealing of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) at 700 °C for 1000 h resulted in phase segregation on the surface in the form of submicron-sized SrO on the grains and micron-sized CoFe2O4 particles near the grain boundaries during electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) measurements. The presence of segregated particles results in a substantial decrease in the surface exchange coefficient, kchem. To mitigate this issue, the LSCF electrodes underwent a systematic coating process with the K2NiF4-structure Pr4Ni3O10+δ (PNO), while varying the loading content, thickness, and porosity. This is achieved by adjusting the gap between the nozzle exit and LSCF surface, ranging from 2 cm to 9 cm, coupled with the application of ultrasonic vibration of the nozzle chamber operating between 40 kHz and 180 kHz. Optimal surface coverage with a loading content of 0.28 mg cm−2 referred to as PNO5 results in a significant increase in kchem by up to one and a half order of magnitude compared to bare LSCF. The PNO coating effectively suppresses phase segregation during prolonged exposure, resulting in a substantial decrease in degradation. The improved performance is attributed to the optimal surface coverage of coated particulates, which enhances the active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the triple phase boundary (TPB) area. These exceptional characteristics position PNO coated LSCF as a highly promising cathode option for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

Single-step solvothermal synthesis of sepiolite-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for photo Fenton-like reaction

In present research, a novel sepiolite-CoFe2O4 (Sep-CoFe2O4) catalyst was prepared using a facile solvothermal strategy. The structure, morphology, and photoelectric properties of the synthesized catalyst were explored by the SEM, TEM, VSM, DRS, XRD, XPS and EDX methods. The results showed that CoFe2O4 particles had a spherical shape and was successfully deposited on the fibrous structure of Sep clay. The prepared Sep-CoFe2O4 catalyst was employed in heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction for methylene blue (MB) degradation. Sep effectively prevented the aggregation of CoFe2O4 and clearly enhanced the efficiency of the heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. In photo Fenton-like reaction, complete degradation of MB (C = 10 ppm) was achieved in 150 min at mild pH value. The reusability experiments showed that the suggested catalyst can be reused after five successive cycles. Besides, a possible degradation mechanism using the photo Fenton-like system was presumed. Accounting for the high catalytic capability, low cost, as well as good chemical stability, the Sep-CoFe2O4 has great potential working as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of organic contaminants.

Enhanced magnetoelectric coupling performance in CoFe2O4 @BaTiO3 multiferroic liquid by tuning the CoFe2O4 morphology

Multiferroic materials are identified as a newly emerging area of research because of their obvious magnetoelectric effects between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders. This paper uses the ball milling method to prepare CoFe2O4 @BaTiO3 (CFO@BTO) multiferroic liquids with different CoFe2O4 (CFO) particle morphologies. The settling stability and magnetoelectric properties of the CFO@BTO multiferroic liquids with different CFO particle morphologies have been systematically studied. XRD analysis confirmed that the crystal structure of the powders was consistent with that of standard cards, and the CFO powders exhibited irregular spherical shapes, well-dispersed rectangular shapes, and uniform nanowires. TEM images revealed a core-shell structure of the formed particles. The study found that as the CFO particle morphology changed from spherical to rectangular and then to nanowire, both the residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and saturation magnetization intensity (Ms) of both CFO powder and CFO@BTO composite powder increased gradually. The settling rate of the multiferroic liquids with spherical CFO morphology was observed to be 4.6% with good settling stability after resting for 48 h. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed similar trends in the presence and absence of magnetic fields. With the change in CFO particle morphology, the maximum polarization strength (Pmax), residual polarization strength (Pr), and coercivity field strength (Ec) of the multiferroic liquids gradually increased. The magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of the multiferroic liquids was found to be the largest when the CFO morphology was rectangular, measuring 23.93 V/(cm·Oe). The study provides insights into improving the magnetoelectric coupling effect of multiferroic materials and opens up new possibilities for further research in this area.

Facile synthesis and characterization of polymer composites with cobalt ferrite and biomass based activated carbon for microwave absorption

In this work, flexible EMI shield materials have been prepared by the solution cast technique using AC-STG {activated carbon derived from Sal tree's gum}, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and a polymer electrolyte {P(VDF-TrFE) + 15 wt% LiTFSI + 50 wt% EMIMTFSI}. The prepared polymer composites have been characterized for structural, morphological, thermal, ionic conductivity, dielectric, and magnetic properties. EMI shielding effectiveness has been obtained in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). AC-STG particles have been characterized using XRD, FESEM EDX with elemental mapping, FTIR and RAMAN techniques. The CoFe2O4 (CF) nanoparticles have been prepared using the hydrothermal method. The highest ionic conductivity of ∼ 3.24х10−3 S.cm−1 for polymer electrolyte (PE15IL50) has been obtained at room temperature. On addition of AC-STG and CF particles to the polymer electrolyte, enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness and thermal stability of the composite films has been achieved. Also, FTIR results give the confirmation of interaction between the polymer electrolyte, AC-STG and CF particles. This study demonstrates that the EMI shielding properties of the polymer composite (PE15IL50AC-STG4CF5) get improved owing to the synergy between the properties of AC-STG and CF nanoparticles resulting in EMI shielding of ∼ 49.6 dB at 8.2 GHz (absorption ∼ 99.99%). There are three factors, viz., dielectric losses, magnetic losses and interfacial polarization which contribute majorly to this much desirable EMI performance. The studies being reported indicate PE15IL50AC-STG4CF5 polymer composite to be an excellent biomass-based composite for EM wave absorption.

An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinone Derivatives Using Magnetic Cobalt Ferrite Catalyst

In this work, octahydroquinazolinone derivatives were synthesized using magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using oxalate precursor method. The XRD pattern and IR spectrum confirmed the formation of single segment cubic spinel cobalt ferrite. The average size of the crystallites was determined to be 26.599 nm, while the lattice constant was found to be 8.365 Å. A fine spherical CoFe2O4 particles with some quantity of aggregation may be observed within the SEM and TEM images. Nano spinel cobalt ferrite nanoparticles is a easily synthesized, non-toxic, less expensive, effortlessly magnetically recoverable and green catalyst for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone derivatives through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with urea or thiourea and dimedone. The advantages of this technique are quick reaction time, ease of product isolation and high yields.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of rGO/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposite Material

The rGO material was modified with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles by a combination of aqueous precipitation at various pH conditions and reduction at high temperatures. The obtained rGO/CoFe2O4 composite has a porous structure with a substantial surface area and pore volume. At pH 10, the synthesized composite has a specific surface area of 270 m2/g, and the CoFe2O4 particle size is approximately 50 nm. As an electrode material in a supercapacitor system, the material has a specific capacitance of 383 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and after 1000 cycles, its specific capacitance remains at 91.5%. The obtained results demonstrate that the modification of rGO with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles is an advanced and effective approach to enhancing the electrochemical properties of materials.