Bagasse Particle Size Research Articles

Performance of blockboard using particle composite bagasse waste as core layer materials

Using wood as the core blockboard material has affected forest exploration, which causes damage to the ecosystem and the environment. The availability of large amounts of bagasse and styrofoam waste has become a potential alternative to replace wood. This study evaluates the properties of blockboards made from a composite of bagasse waste particles as the core layer, combined with thin plywood as the face layers, and styrofoam waste as the matrix for the bagasse particle composites. The blockboards were prepared through cold compression, and the effects of particles size and the ratio of particles to styrofoam on physical and mechanical properties such as density, moisture content, water resistance, bending strength, internal bond, and screw withdrawal resistance were investigated. The results demonstrated a linear improvement in both physical and mechanical properties with an increase in styrofoam content and a decrease in the particle size of bagasse. The blockboard with fine particles and 70 wt % of styrofoam exhibited the highest density of 0.59 g/cm3, moisture content of 8.54%, water absorption resistance of 33.71%, bending strength of 11.88 MPa, internal bond of 0.64 MPa, and screw withdrawal of 823.36 N. An increase in the density of the core layer was found to enhance all physical and mechanical properties of the blockboard. Consequently, the blockboard produced exhibits the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional blockboards.

Sieving process selects sugarcane bagasse with lower recalcitrance to xylan solubilization

AbstractBACKGROUNDSugarcane bagasse is a heterogeneous and organized material that needs a pretreatment to access the polysaccharides (cellulose and xylan). The particle size of a non‐milled bagasse can influence the xylan and xylose solubilization, as well as the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated material. Using bagasse selected on 16‐, 30‐, 40‐ and 50‐mesh sieves: xylan solubilization was performed with hydrogen peroxide; xylose was solubilized with diluted sulfuric acid; and enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted for glucose yield evaluation.RESULTSThe xylose solubilized by acid pretreatment resulted in a maximum of 6.59 g L−1 with no influence of particle size. The solubilized xylan showed linear correlation with a variation of 36.18% (16‐mesh bagasse) to 71.43% (<50‐mesh bagasse). Pretreated material submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis revealed that particle size influenced the pretreatment, increasing the glucose yield.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that non‐milled sugarcane bagasse particle size selection positively influenced the solubilization of xylan, improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated material. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)

Characterization of sugarcane bagasse particles separated by elutriation for energy generation

Bagasse particle is used in energy generation, and the usual method for determining their size distribution is sieving. Traditional methods for measuring the bagasse particle size distribution, such as sieving, do not evaluate the effect of the irregular particle shape, producing results that are not always applicable to the prediction of fluid dynamic behavior. This work determined size distribution of bagasse particles considering their aerodynamic behavior. Physical-chemical characterization was performed in different particle sizes of the bagasse. A particulate elutriation and settling system was developed to determine the terminal velocity distribution of particles. Drag coefficients and terminal velocities measured were compared with literature correlations. Almost all the correlations analyzed showed significant deviations from the values obtained experimentally. Haider and Levenspiel’s correlation showed the smallest average deviation. Two types of particles were observed in bagasse: fibers and spongy pith. The apparent density of the particles depends on the particle size, and the ash concentration in smaller fractions is 3 times larger than the average. The method of aerodynamic separation for the characterization of bagasse particle allowed to obtain information that cannot be found by the traditional method of separation by sieving.

Particle Size Distribution Effect on Cassava Starch and Cassava Bagasse Biocomposites

Regarding the growing interest in the development of biodegradable films from renewable sources, this work is focused on the utilization of cassava roots bagasse as a natural filler of cassava starch films. Homogenous films could be obtained by casting molding from gelatinized cassava starch suspensions, plasticized with glycerol and containing 1.5% w/w bagasse. In order to study the particle size effect on films properties, three different fibrous residue fractions (particles sized between 500–250, 250–53, and particles <53 μm) were used and compared to films reinforced with bagasse particles sized under 500 μm. Chemical composition and particle size distribution of cassava bagasse helped to explain the starch films morphology and mechanical and barrier properties modifications. SEM micrographs evidenced that the filler was structurally incorporated in the matrix, reinforcing cassava–starch matrices regardless of bagasse particle size. The filler increased the UV-barrier capacity and opacity of the mater...

Produksi Crude Selulase dari Bahan Baku Ampas Tebu Menggunakan Kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Bagasse contain high cellulose which potentially to be used to raw material for producing cellulase enzyme using fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This fungus has ability to produce cellulase enzymes from substrates which contain cellulose and also produce enzymes that can degrade lignin content so it didn’t need the delignification process. The objective of this study was to convert cellulose in bagasse to be crude cellulase enzymes by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and determine the effect of substrate concentration and fermentation time to the enzyme activity. This research was conducted by drying and reducing the bagasse particle size, rejuvenating mold Phanerocheate chrysoporium, making inoculum in liquid medium, fermenting bagasse in accordance with the variable, with media NLM (nitrogen limited media) using Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Fermentation results were filtered, and it was analyzed the activity of crude cellulase. The variable in this study was the time of fermentation 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days and substrate concentration: 5, 6, and 7 % b/v. Crude cellulose was filtered and was analyzed the enzyme activity by DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) reagent, using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best result of this study was the crude cellulase with highest activity 91,304 U/mL for 7 % substrate concentration with fermentation time 17 days.

The Effect of Sugarcane Bagassès Size on the Properties of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

The influence of milled bagasse particle size on their reducing sugar and lignin content during dilute acid hydrolysis followed by enzymolysis was investigated. The biomass crystal structures of hydrolyzed residues and enzymolyzed substrates were studied with X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results showed that the conversion ratio of reducing sugar declined with decreasing milled bagasse particle size. The conversion ratio of reducing sugar after acid hydrolysis decreased from 31.3% to 28.9%. The smaller of the milled bagasse particle size was, the higher of the klason lignin content of hydrolyzed residuals was, which resulted in a decline in conversion ratio of reducing sugar during enzymolysis. In this study, the optimal size of milled bagasse particles was 10 to 20 meshes. The total reducing sugar conversion ratio was 61.5%, consisting of 31.3% in hydrolysis and 30.2% in enzymolysis. After hydrolysis, the specific surface area and pore size increased, and the fiber length was shortened. The inner microfiber bundles were exposed, which improved the accessibility of cellulase and the efficiency of enzymolysis.

Biosorption of styrene from synthetic wastewater by sugar cane waste(Bagass)

In this work, styrene removal from wastewater by using sugarcane waste (bagasse) as an adsorbent was studied. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were determined; the effects of bagasse particle size and concentration, solutions pH, and temperature on the biosorption of styrene were studied in batch experiments. Adsorption equilibrium data was successfully fitted to Langmuir isotherms (R2=0.986) and Freundlich isotherms (R2=0.96). Also, the kinetics of biosorption was fitted to pseudo-second order equations (K2=0.00146 g mg-1 min-1, qe=24.5 mg g-1 for particle size range of 88-105 μm). According to the obtained results, an empirical equation was presented that could be used to calculate the percentage of styrene adsorption. The results showed that an increase in temperature caused a decrease in styrene removal. Moreover, maximum uptake was observed with NaOH-treated bagasse. It was found that an increase in average particle size decreased the biosorption rate. According to the calculated heat of adsorption, this sorption can be classified as a chemical biosorption. The optimum uptake was determined to be 88% at a pH equal to 12.1, a temperature of 35 oC, a particle size of 420-500 μm, and a bagasse concentration of 1 g L-1.

Microstructure and thermal stability of polypropylene/bagasse composite foams

Wood–plastic composite foams (WPCFs), consisting of polypropylene and bagasse as wood fiber, were produced using tandem extrusion. The simultaneous effects of different material parameters including bagasse loading and particle size, melt viscosity of the used thermoplastic, type and content of chemical blowing agent on the microstructure, and physical properties of the obtained composite foams have been evaluated. Special sandwich morphology has been observed for these foams. Void fraction of WPCFs was measured and optimized using an experimental design method, response surface methodology. The maximum determined void fraction of the prepared WPCFs was 54%, which was obtained at the middle values of blowing agent content and bagasse particle size. Employing a mixture of endothermic–exothermic blowing agents has also caused the optimum amount of void fraction. Moreover, thermal behavior of wood–plastic composites was studied and the effects of all material parameters on decomposition behavior of polymer and bagasse fibers were investigated. The results verify that both bagasse content and bagasse particle size considerably influence the thermal stability of the microcomposites.

Rheological Properties and Extrudate Swell of PHBV-Bagasse Composites

Polyhydroxybutylate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is biodegradable aliphatic polyester that produced by a wide range of microorganism. In this research aims to study the melt rheological and extrudate swelling behavior of PHBV filled with bagasse. The composites prepared by melt mixing (Two roll mill and Twin screw extruder). The effects of processing techniques for PHBV powder and bagasse loading, aspect ratio (particle size i.e. x&lt;150μm, 150&lt;x&lt;250μm and x&gt;250μm) and, surface treatment of bagasse were investigated by capillary rheometry at 180 °C. The dispersion of the bagasse was inspected by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A different compositions based on PHBV/bagasse were investigated according to the following weight ratios, i.e. 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 wt% respectively. The results showed that the PHBV/bagasse composites exhibit pseudoplastic behaviour as the shear stress and extrudate swell increased with increasing shear rate while shear viscosity decreased. The apparent shear stress and apparent shear viscosity increased with increasing bagasse loading and, at a given apparent shear rate, the apparent shear stress increased slightly with increasing bagasse particle size. However, detrimental bagasse agglomeration was clearly observed to take place for sample with bagasse loading in excess of 20 wt%. The surface treatment of bagasse was carried out using silane coupling agent and benzoic acid. The results proved the effect of functionalization on the interfacial adhesion between PHBV and bagasse. Also, there was also further confirmed by rheology behaviour and SEM-EDS image.

The influence of additive content and particle size of bagasse on some properties of cement-bonded particleboard

Agricultural residuals, such as bagasse, are the renewable resources which can be used as raw materials for making cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB). In this study, the effect of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as accelerator was evaluated on hydration process of cement paste. Moreover, it was analyzed modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) of CBPB manufactured from bagasse as affected by particle size and content of additive (Na2SiO3) through using response surface methodology. It was determined that adding of bagasse meal in cement paste caused to decrease the initial and final setting time. Besides, higher amounts of additives resulted in lower values of hydration temperature peaks (Tmax) and hydration times. Based on central composite design, quadratic models were developed to correlate the preparation variables; particle size (x 1), additive content (x 2), to the responses; MOR (y1), IB (y2) and TS (y3). Analysis of variance indicated that particle size was the most significant variable for responses. The optimum preparation conditions for strength properties and TS were obtained by using particle size of >6.2 mm and additive content of 5.5 %, which resulted in MOR, IB and TS of 9, 0.25 MPa and 18 %, respectively.

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse: the Influence of Biomass Particle Size in the Ozonation Process

Atmospheric pressure O₂ plasma was used to produce ozone in order to treat sugarcane bagasse as a function of particle sizes. The fixed bagasse moisture content was 50%. The delignification efficiency had small improvement due to ozonation process as a function of particle size, varying from 75 up to 80%. Few amounts of hemicellulose were removed, but the ozonation has not been affected significantly with particle size variance as well (from 30 up to 35%). The cellulose presented some losses below 1.0 mm size (8-15%) which was an unexpected result. The conversion of cellulose content into free sugar has shown a significant increase as the particle size has diminished as well. The best condition of the bagasse particle size was for 0.08 mm. For this case, a great quantity of cellulose (78.8%) was converted into glucose. Optical absorption spectroscopy was applied to determine ozone concentrations in real time where the samples with typical bagasse particle sizes equal or below to 0.5 mm had shown a better absorption of ozone in comparison with greater particle size samples.

Low severity dilute-acid hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse

Sweet sorghum is emerging as a promising energy crop in India, with potential for ethanol production both from the extracted juice and the bagasse residue. This work investigates the release of fermentable total sugars (TS) and formation of total degradation compounds (TDC) by dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse from the genotype SSV 84. Hydrolysis was conducted at moderate temperatures (100°C and 121°C). The effect of pretreatment severity (measured by the combined severity factor, CS), particle size and substrate loading on the hydrolysate composition was examined. The kinetics of xylose, acetic acid and furfural formation was also studied. The maximum theoretical yield is 29.9g C5 sugars/100g bagasse on dry weight basis. Under the conditions of this study, 10% substrate loading in the CS range of 1.64–1.93 was optimal with C5 yield >22.3g/100g bagasse and efficiency (TS/TDC ratio) >8. Bagasse particle size reduction also resulted in a higher efficiency. SEM and FT-IR analysis of the solid residue confirmed disruption of the biomass structure and removal of functional groups associated with hemicelluloses and lignin. This study demonstrates that acid hydrolysis at moderate temperature has an advantage in terms of high sugars concentration vis-a-vis low degradation compounds formation.

Efficient conversion of high concentration of glycerol to Monacolin K by solid-state fermentation of Monascus purpureus using bagasse as carrier

High concentration of glycerol was used as the sole carbon source for efficient production of Monacolin K (MK) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Monascus purpureus 9901 using agricultural residue (bagasse), as an inert carrier. A comparative study showed that MK production in SSF was about 5.5 times higher than that of submerged fermentation when 26% of glycerol was used, which may be due to the formation of glycerol concentration gradients in the inert carrier and less catabolite repression in SSF. For enhancement of MK yield in SSF, the effects of different influential variables, such as glycerol concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, initial moisture content, inoculum size and particle size of bagasse, were systematically examined. All the factors mentioned above had an effect on the MK production in SSF to some extent. The maximal yield of MK (12.9mg/g) was achieved with 26% glycerol, 5% soybean meal, 51% initial moisture content, 20% inoculum size and 1mm particle size of bagasse. The results in this study may expand our understanding on the application of SSF using agricultural residue as carrier for production of useful microbial metabolites, especially the efficient conversion of high concentration of glycerol to MK by Monascus purpureus.

Influence of Particle Size and Temperature on Methane Production From Fique’s Bagasse

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of particle size of fique`s bagasse (FB) on anaerobic biodegradation and biogas production, by means of co-digestion of this lignocellulosic substrate using both bovine ruminal fluid and pig manure as inoculums. Anaerobic reactors were incubated by 8 days. Reducing sugar, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) and methane productions were measured using three different bagasse particle diameter; 5 mm (bagasse´s natural size), 2.36 mm and 0.85 mm. Reduction of bagasse particle size increased reducing sugars formation and improved substrate mass transfer to microbial inoculums. At minor particle size it was favored hydrolytic step and VFA production. Natural particle sizes of bagasse were more difficult to biodegrade than lower ones. In this sense, methane concentration was increased 19% when 0.8 mm particle size was used. Anaerobic fermentation processes were carried out at 25°C and 39°C. Methane production at 25°C, show that these microbial consortia are able to resist temperature changes and transform all products on anaerobic digestion process.

Influencia del tamaño de partícula y la temperatura sobre la producción de metano a partir del bagazo de fique

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of particle size of fique`s bagasse (FB) on anaerobic biodegradation and biogas production, by means of co-digestion of this lignocellulosic substrate using both bovine ruminal fluid and pig manure as inoculums. Anaerobic reactors were incubated by 8 days. Reducing sugar, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) and methane productions were measured using three different bagasse particle diameter; 5 mm (bagasse´s natural size), 2.36 mm and 0.85 mm. Reduction of bagasse particle size increased reducing sugars formation and improved substrate mass transfer to microbial inoculums. At minor particle size it was favored hydrolytic step and VFA production. Natural particle sizes of bagasse were more difficult to biodegrade than lower ones. In this sense, methane concentration was increased 19% when 0.8 mm particle size was used. Anaerobic fermentation processes were carried out at 25°C and 39°C. Methane production at 25°C, show that these microbial consortia are able to resist temperature changes and transform all products on anaerobic digestion process.

Optimization of amylase production by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse as solid support material

Synthesis of amylase by Aspergillus niger strain UO-01 under solid-state fermentation with sugarcane bagasse was optimized by using response surface methodology and empirical modelling. The process parameters tested were particle size of sugarcane bagasse, incubation temperature and pH, moisture level of solid support material and the concentrations of inoculum, total sugars, nitrogen and phosphorous. The optimum conditions for high amylase production (457.82 EU/g of dry support) were particle size of bagasse in the range of 6–8 mm, incubation temperature and pH: 30.2°C and 6.0, moisture content of bagasse: 75.3%, inoculum concentration: 1 × 107 spores/g of dry support and concentrations of starch, yeast extract and KH2PO4: 70.5, 11.59 and 9.83 mg/g of dry support, respectively. After optimization, enzyme production was assayed at the optimized conditions. The results obtained corroborate the effectiveness and reliability of the empirical models obtained.

Effect of Bagasse on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Natural and Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers

Different concentrations of bagasse waste with particle sizes 300 nm, 125 nm, 75 nm, and &lt;75nm are incorporated in natural and styrene-butadiene rubber formulations. The rheological characteristics and physico-mechanical properties of the compounded rubber are investigated and determined. The effect of bagasse upon ageing characteristics of corresponding vulcanizates is evaluated. The rubber vulcanizates containing the smallest particle size of bagasse with concentration 30phr showed the best retained values of physico-mechanical properties and equilibrium swelling in comparison with those of conventional fillers (Hisil, calcium carbonate, and High Abrasion Furance carbon black) used in industry. The bagasse with particle size 300 nm and concentration 70 phr showed the least retained values of physico-mechanical properties and equilibrium swelling in comparison with the other investigated particle sizes.

Production of inulinase by solid-state fermentation: effect of process parameters on production and preliminary characterization of enzyme preparations

This work was aimed at producing inulinase by solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, using factorial design to identify the effect of corn steep liquor (CSL) and soybean bran concentration, particle size of bagasse and size of inoculum. Maximum inulinase activity achieved was 250 U per g of dry substrate (gds) at 20% (w/w) of CSL, 5% (w/w) of soybean bran, 1 x 10(10) cells mL(-1) and particle size of bagasse in the range 9/32 mesh. The use of soybean bran decreased the time to reach maximum activity from 96 to 24 h and the maximum productivity achieved was 8.87 U gds(-1) h(-1). The maximum activity was obtained at pH 5.0 and 55.0 degrees C. Within the investigated range, the enzyme extract was more thermostable at 50.0 degrees C, showing a D-value of 123.1 h and deactivation energy of 343.9 kJ gmol(-1). The extract showed highest stability from pH 4.5 to 4.8. Apparent K(m) and V(max) are 7.1 mM and 17.79 M min(-1), respectively.

The acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose to produce xylose, arabinose, glucose and other products

Experimental trials of the dilute acid hydrolysis of bagasse hemicellulose to produce xylose, arabinose, glucose, acid-soluble lignin (ASL) and furfural were conducted using a temperature-controlled digester. The reaction conditions varied were; temperature (80–200°C), mass ratio of solid to liquid (1:5–1:20), type of bagasse material (i.e. bagasse or bagacillo), concentration of acid (0.25– 8 wt% of liquid), type of acid (hydrochloric or sulphuric) and reaction time (10– 2000 min ). Kinetic modelling of the global rates of formation of products was performed. The most accurate kinetic model of the global reaction for the decomposition of xylan was a simple series hydrolysis of xylan to xylose followed by xylose decomposition. Similar schemes were used to model the production of arabinose, glucose and furfural from the hemicellulose. The production of ASL was modelled by a first-order decomposition of lignin to ASL followed by a reversible decomposition of ASL. Yields of up to 220 mg xylose/g solid were achieved, i.e. about 80% of the theoretical xylose available from the bagasse. The bagasse particle size was found to negligibly affect the rate of hydrolysis. Hydrochloric acid was found to be less active for the degradation of xylose compared to sulphuric acid.

Pretreatment of bagasse and coconut fibres for enhanced anaerobic degradation by rumen microorganisms

The effect of chemical pretreatment and particle size on anaerobic digestion of bagasse and coconut fibres by rumen micro organisms was studied. Both chemical pretreatment and pa rticle size affected total fibre degradation and productions of methane and volatile fatty acids from these waste materials significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the untreated materials. Pretreatment of bagasse with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide followed by incubations for 168 h increased fibre degradation by 11, 31 and 14 %, respectively. Pretreatment of coconut fibres increased their extent of degradation by 55, 74 and 46 %, respectively. Methane yield from bagasse was increased by 44, 32, and 22 %, and that from coconut fibres was increased by 73, 76 and 46 %, respectively. With the same pretreatment, amounts of volatile fatty acids produced from bagasse and coconut fibres increased by 42, 37 and 11 %, and 40, 28, and 11 %, respectively. By reducing particle sizes of bagasse and coconut fibres from 5 mm to less than 0.85 mm, the extent of total fibre degradation was increased by over 40%. The yields of methan produced from these fibres increased by an average of 30 %, and those of volatile fatty acids increased by about the same order of magnitude. The suitability of using pretreated lignocellulosic waste biomas s as a substrate for methane production in a Rumen Derived Anaerobic Digestion-process is discussed.