Particle Number Density Research Articles

Prolate spheroids settling in a quiescent fluid: clustering, microstructures and collisions

In this study we investigate the sedimentation of prolate spheroids in a quiescent fluid by means of the particle-resolved direct numerical simulation. With the increase of the particle volume fraction $\phi$ from $0.1\,\%$ to $10\,\%$ , we observe a non-monotonic variation of the mean settling velocity of particles, $\langle V_s \rangle$ . By virtue of the Voronoi analysis, we find that the degree of particle clustering is highest when $\langle V_s \rangle$ reaches the local maximum at $\phi =1\,\%$ . Under the swarm effect, clustered particles are found to preferentially sample downward fluid flows in the wake regions, leading to the enhancement of the settling speed. As for lower or higher volume fractions, the tendency of particle clustering and the preferential sampling of downward flows are attenuated. The hindrance effect becomes predominant when the volume fraction exceeds 5 % and reduces $\langle V_s \rangle$ to less than the isolated settling velocity. Particle orientation plays a minor role in the mean settling velocity, although individual prolate particles still tend to settle faster in suspensions when they deviate more from the broad-side-on alignment. Moreover, we also demonstrate that particles are prone to form column-like microstructures in dilute suspensions under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic attractions. The radial distribution function is higher at a lower volume fraction. As a result, the collision rate scaled by the particle number density decreases with the increasing volume fraction. By contrast, as another contribution to the particle collision rate, the relative radial velocity for nearby particles shows a minor degree of variation due to the lubrication effect.

A multiphase model for fluid–particle flows with added mass and phase change

In our prior work, a kinetic-based model for fluid–particle flows with added mass was derived (Fox et al., 2020) and successfully validated for non-reacting cases without mass transfer (Boniou and Fox, 2023). In this work, the multiphase model is extended to allow for the added-mass phase to have a different temperature and density than the particle and bulk-fluid phases, and to account for mass transfer from the particle phase to the added-mass phase. For this purpose, mass and energy transfer between particles and their added mass, and the added-mass and bulk-fluid phases are included. As before, the particle-phase density ρp is assumed constant, but now the added-mass density ρa is allowed to differ from the bulk-fluid density ρf. These densities are coupled through the assumption that their pressures are equal, i.e., pa=pf, and determined by a fluid-phase equation of state. Since mass transfer will change the particle volume, an additional balance equation for the particle number density Nd is required to complete the multiphase model. The computational algorithm for the extended model is tested using sublimation and condensation of carbon-dioxide particles interacting with a strong shock wave.

A numerical approach for inlet-outlet boundary conditions with least-square moving particle explicit (LSMPE) method on GPU

ABSTRACT In severe accidents of nuclear reactors, studying the pressure drop of debris beds is of great significance for delaying the progression of the accident. However, traditional MPS often exhibits significant pressure oscillation issues when dealing with the inlet-outlet boundary. The study introduces a method for managing inlet and outlet boundary conditions using the Least-Square moving particle explicit method (LSMPE). A high-precision least squares discrete method was applied to the moving particle explicit method (MPE) based on predictive-corrected pressure. The code was accelerated using OpenACC for parallelization. Special boundary treatments were applied to minimize errors induced by boundaries, including particle number density correction for inlet particles, addressing slip or nonslip boundaries, and introducing concept particles at the outlet. The stability and accuracy of this method were validated through three cases. Simulation results for Poiseuille flow and circular flow demonstrated the method’s good precision, exhibiting stable pressure fields. Results from single-phase flow simulations through a porous medium bed agreed well with predictions from the Ergun equation, highlighting the method’s potential for practical engineering applications.

Under the magnifying glass: A combined 3D model applied to cloudy warm Saturn-type exoplanets around M dwarfs

Warm Saturn-type exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs are particularly suitable for an in-depth cloud characterisation through transmission spectroscopy because the contrast of their stellar to planetary radius is favourable. The global temperatures of warm Saturns suggest efficient cloud formation in their atmospheres which in return affects the temperature, velocity, and chemical structure. However, a consistent modelling of the formation processes of cloud particles within the 3D atmosphere remains computationally challenging. We explore the combined atmospheric and micro-physical cloud structure and the kinetic gas-phase chemistry of warm Saturn-like exoplanets in the irradiation field of an M dwarf. The combined modelling approach supports the interpretation of observational data from current (e.g. JWST and CHEOPS) and future missions (PLATO, Ariel, and HWO). A combined 3D cloudy atmosphere model for HATS-6b was constructed by iteratively executing the 3D general circulation model (GCM) expeRT/MITgcm and a detailed kinetic cloud formation model, each in its full complexity. The resulting cloud particle number densities, particle sizes, and material compositions were used to derive the local cloud opacity which was then used in the next GCM iteration. The disequilibrium H/C/O/N gas-phase chemistry was calculated for each iteration to assess the resulting transmission spectrum in post-processing. We present the first model atmosphere that iteratively combines cloud formation and 3D GCM simulation and applied it to the warm Saturn HATS-6b. The cloud opacity feedback causes a temperature inversion at the sub-stellar point and at the evening terminator at gas pressures higher than 10$^ $ bar. Furthermore, clouds cool the atmosphere between $10^ $ bar and 10 bar, and they narrow the equatorial wind jet. The transmission spectrum shows muted gas-phase absorption and a cloud particle silicate feature at $ The combined atmosphere-cloud model retains the full physical complexity of each component and therefore enables a detailed physical interpretation with JWST NIRSpec and MIRI LRS observational accuracy. The model shows that warm Saturn-type exoplanets around M dwarfs are ideal candidates for a search for limb asymmetries in clouds and chemistry, for identifying the cloud particle composition by observing their spectral features, and for identifying in particular the cloud-induced strong thermal inversion that arises on these planets.

The variation of particle concentration with height of wind-blown coral sand

Wind-blown coral sand movement is common in the marine coral sand island environment but received much less research attention compared to desert and coastal sands. We used the particle image velocimetry technique with wind tunnel experiments to determine the decay trends of the particle number density, nominal particle area density, and actual particle area density with height for wind-blown coral sands from the South China Sea. Then, a new morphology factor FM that consists of volume V, density ρs, drag coefficient CD, and projected area A of sand particles, was defined to evaluate the influences of particle characteristics on wind-blown sand movement and the results were compared with those of quartz sands from an inland desert. We found that the average FM of coral sands is more comparable to that of coarse quartz sands than smaller size groups. Coral sands tend to move nearer the surface during aeolian processes compared to smaller quartz ones due to their larger FM. The decay rate of particle number density of coral sands with height is similar to that of coarse (0.8–1 mm) quartz sands, but significantly larger than that of smaller quartz ones. The decay rate of the actual particle area density of coral sands with height is larger than that of their nominal particle area density, so that significant deviations may exist if a fixed particle size and spherical shape are assumed to study wind-blown particle movement. The present work contributes to understand the effect of particle characteristics on the wind-blown sand movement from a physical mechanism perspective for both desert quartz sands and marine coral sands.

Enhancing high-temperature strength in Al-Si alloys: The critical role of vanadium

Al-Si alloys are widely utilized in casting applications across various industries due to their favorable properties. This study addresses the imperative for improving the high-temperature strength of these alloys to expand their applicability. The stability of the microstructure of such alloys at elevated temperatures is closely associated with the diffusivity of their constituent elements. We explored the role of vanadium (V), which is known for its low diffusivity within the aluminum matrix, in enhancing the high-temperature strength of the Al-7Si alloy. The research evaluated mechanical properties, thermal stability, and fractographic characteristics of alloys. Microstructural analysis was conducted using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), with a focus on identifying the strengthening mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that the incorporation of 0.5 wt% V significantly enhances the mechanical properties of alloys at both ambient and elevated temperatures. This improvement is primarily due to the formation of Al10V intermetallic particles, which hinder dislocation movement and increase dislocation density during deformation. Notably, the presence of twinning within Al10V contributes to a more uniform stress distribution, and it alleviates the typically detrimental effects on ductility observed with conventional brittle intermetallics. The joint addition of 0.2 wt% Ti and 0.5 wt% V further intensifies these benefits by increasing the number density of Al10V intermetallic particles. Our study highlights the considerable promise of V in improving the performance of aluminum alloys for high-temperature applications.

CFD–DEM modeling of particle segregation behavior in a simulated flash smelting furnace

Particle behavior plays a crucial role in flash smelting furnaces, but limited understanding is hindering further development of this modern pyrometallurgical process. This study presents a two-way coupled CFD–DEM approach to investigate particle distribution, collision, and segregation behaviors within a furnace. The simulation results are validated against experimental data, demonstrating good agreement. The effects of the particle mass–flow rate and size distribution are then analyzed. The results indicate that small particles are carried by airflows to the center of the particle-dense region, whereas large particles remain at the outer part, worsening segregation. Increasing the mass–flow rate significantly increases the particle number density and number of particle collisions but barely influences size-induced segregation. In contrast, enlarging the size of fed particles reduces particle number density and broadens dense distribution within a safe range. This ensures the necessary space and high mixing index of the particles, which benefits high-rate smelting processes.

Kinetic Alfvén solitary waves in astrophysical plasmas

The magnetospheric plasma (hot and thin) and the solar wind plasma (cold and dense) are separated by the Earth’s magnetopause, in which plasmas of both origins coexist. Different types of plasma diffusions are found due to this plasma mixing, and kinetic Alfvén solitary waves (KASWs) are one of them. In this work, a theoretical approach is taken to study the fundamental properties of heavy ion acoustic KASWs (HIAKASWs) in a magnetized plasma system whose constituents are nonextensive q-distributed two temperature electrons with dynamical heavy ions. The perturbations of the magnetized collisionless plasma system are investigated using the reductive perturbation technique to deduce the Korteweg–de Vries (K–DV) and modified K–DV (MK–DV) equations to determine the fundamental characteristics of small, but finite amplitude HIAKASWs. The presence of nonextensive electrons, magnetic field, obliquity angle (the angle between the external magnetic field and wave propagation), plasma particle number densities, and the temperature of various plasma species are observed to significantly alter the fundamental properties of HIAKASWs. The findings of our present study may be useful for comprehending the nonlinear wave properties in diverse interstellar plasma environments.

Aspect-ratio-dependent void formation in active rhomboidal and elliptical particle systems.

We execute a numerical simulation of active nematics with particles interacting by an excluded-volume effect. Systems with rhomboidal particles and with elliptical particles are considered in order to investigate the effect of the direct contact of particles. In our simulation, the void regions, where the local number density is almost zero, appear in both systems when the aspect ratio of the particles is high. We focus on the relationship between the void regions and the particle orientation of the bulk. The particle number density, particle orientation, topological defects, and void regions are analyzed for different aspect ratios in both systems. The systems with rhomboidal particles have characteristic void sizes, which increase with an increase in the aspect ratio. In contrast, the distribution of the void-region size in the systems with elliptical particles is broad. The present results suggest that the void size in the systems with rhomboidal particles is determined by the correlation length of the particle orientational field around the void regions, while the void size might be determined by the system size in the systems with elliptical particles.

Numerical modelling on dispersion behavior of particulate contamination induced by a moving operator in a semiconductor cleanroom: A eulerian-eulerian method

Contamination control in cleanrooms is crucial across various industries. In semiconductor manufacturing, operator-induced contamination presents a significant challenge, as it reduces the critical dimension. In this research, one comprehensive model describing contamination behaviour induced by operator motion was proposed, considering the moving operator as both a flow pattern changer and a contaminant source, combined with the number of particles accumulated (NPA) on the process instruments. To quantitatively characterise the transient contaminant dispersion behaviour caused by the operator, a Eulerian-Eulerian-based particle number density equation, integrated with overset mesh technology was employed. Our findings reveal that contamination dispersion behaviour is governed by convection and diffusion. The NPA on the side instruments at operator moving speeds at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s were 4404.33, 8241.26, and 9384.41, respectively. And those of central instruments are 28463.75, 35848.60, and 43680.74 in corresponding cases. The largest reduction in influence on both the central and side instruments was found between cases with a maximum operator speed of 0.5 and 1.5 m/s, with NPA reaching reductions of 53.08 % and 34.84 % respectively. This indicates that the moving speed significantly affects contaminant dispersion.

Supervised, semisupervised, and unsupervised learning of the Domany-Kinzel model.

The Domany-Kinzel (DK) model encompasses several types of nonequilibrium phase transitions, depending on the selected parameters. We apply supervised, semisupervised, and unsupervised learning methods to studying the phase transitions and critical behaviors of the (1+1)-dimensional DK model. The supervised and the semisupervised learning methods permit the estimations of the critical points, the spatial and temporal correlation exponents, concerning labeled and unlabeled DK configurations, respectively. Furthermore, we also predict the critical points by employing principal component analysis and autoencoder. The PCA and autoencoder can produce results in good agreement with simulated stationary particle number density.

Spatial and Size Distributions of Ti(C5H7O2)2[(CH3)2CHO]2 Mist Particles in a Tubular Furnace for Conformal and Uniform Deposition of Amorphous TiO2 Thin Films

The spatial and size distributions of titanium diisopropoxide bisacetylacetonate [(C5H7O2)2[(CH3)2CHO]2, also known as Ti(acac)2(OiPr)2] mist, diluted in CH3OH, are investigated in a tubular furnace using atmospheric‐pressure mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD). The focus is on the deposition of amorphous (a)‐TiO2 films with tubular furnace temperature and mesh bias as variables. When the furnace temperature reaches 350 °C, the number density of mist particles increases without significant changes in their size distribution, leading to a higher film deposition rate. Further, the deposition rate and average size of the mist particles with lower adhesion coefficient decrease with increasing spatial distance from the furnace inlet. Furthermore, applying a mesh bias results in an increase in the maximum number density of mist particles with a narrower size distribution; however, the overall film deposition rate decreases. These variations are attributed to the chemical reactivity of the mist precursors produced by pyrolysis and mesh bias. The fine mist precursors, which are strongly charged, coordinate with CH3OH and CHO groups through solvation, enhancing their chemical stability and lifetime. This process yields a dense and rigid a‐TiO2 network, improving the junction properties at the a‐TiO2/c‐Si interface.

Creep behavior of a novel ODS ferrite steel reinforced with ultra-fine Y2(Zr0.6, Ti0.4)2O7 particles

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferrite steel is a competitive candidate structural material for the Generation IV fission reactors. In this work, a novel ODS ferrite steel reinforced with ultra-fine Y2(Zr0.6, Ti0.4)2O7 particles was prepared by powder metallurgy method, which exhibit superior mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Creep tests of the ODS ferrite steel at 800 °C was conducted to reveal its high-temperature creep failure mechanism. This ODS steel has an average grain size of 1.31 μm, and the mean size and number density of the ultra-fine oxide particles are 5.48 nm and 4.85 × 1023 m−3, respectively. When the applied creep stress is 100 MPa, the creep rupture time of the ODS steel is 2448.5 h, and the minimum creep rate is only 1.05 × 10−7 s−1. Under the similar creep stress at 800 °C, the creep rate of this ODS steel is at least one order of magnitude lower than that of other typical ODS steels reported in the literatures, showing excellent creep properties. By fitting the data of minimum creep rate, applied stress and effective stress normalized by shear modulus, the creep threshold stress of the ODS steel was determined as 56.2 MPa, and the true stress exponent was calculated as 4.5 ± 1.0, which indicates that the creep mechanism is dominated by dislocation. Orowan bypass mechanism and dislocation climb over the particle mechanism play a major role in this dislocation mediated creep behavior. Due to the strong hindering effect of dislocation motion caused by the ultra-fine and dispersed Y2(Zr0.6, Ti0.4)2O7 particles, the novel ODS ferrite steel thereby achieved excellent creep properties.

Analysis of application range of simplified models for field to thermo-field to thermionic emission processes from the cathode

Electron emission plays a dominant role in plasma–cathode interactions and is a key factor in many plasma phenomena and industrial applications. It is necessary to illustrate the various electron emission mechanisms and the corresponding applicable description models to evaluate their impacts on discharge properties. In this study, detailed expressions of the simplified formulas valid for field emission to thermo-field emission to thermionic emission typically used in the numerical simulation are proposed, and the corresponding application ranges are determined in the framework of the Murphy–Good theory, which is commonly regarded as the general model and to be accurate in the full range of conditions of the validity of the theory. Dimensionless parameterization was used to evaluate the emission current density of the Murphy–Good formula, and a deviation factor was defined to obtain the application ranges for different work functions (2.5‒5 eV), cathode temperatures (300‒6000 K), and emitted electric fields (105 to 1010 V·m−1). The deviation factor was shown to be a nonmonotonic function of the three parameters. A comparative study of particle number densities in atmospheric gas discharge with a tungsten cathode was performed based on the one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) with the Monte Carlo collision (MCC) method according to the aforementioned application ranges. It was found that small differences in emission current density can lead to variations in the distributions of particle number density due to changes in the collisional environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting emission models for subsequent numerical simulations.

Evolution of microstructure, texture and formability of Al–Mg–Si alloys at different hot rolling finish temperatures

The impact of hot rolling finish temperature (HRFT) on the evolution of microstructure, texture, as well as formability—including deep drawability and bendability—of Al–Mg–Si alloy was studied in present work. The obtained results reveal that HRFT has a notable influence on the dynamic softening and dynamic precipitation behaviors during the hot rolling process of the investigated alloy. This leads to the volume fraction and number density of micro-sized Mg2Si particles increase as the increase of HRFT, those of nano-sized particles decrease, and the dislocation density decrease, in the hot-rolled sheets. These microstructural variations persist in the cold-rolled sheets, subsequently affecting the ultimate microstructure, texture, as well as formability of T4P sheets. The deep drawability improves as the HRFT rises, as indicated by the increase in normal anisotropy (r‾) and decrease in planar anisotropy (Δr). This is attributed to the weakening of texture intensity. The bendability, quantified by the minimum hemming factor (Rmin/t), deteriorates as the HRFT rises from 260 °C to 390 °C, attributed to the strengthening of P component along with the weakening of Cube component. Conversely, with the HRFT rises from 390 °C to 420 °C, the bendability improves dramatically due to the significant reduction in the average grain size. A combination of excellent deep drawability and bendability could be obtained by elevating the HRFT to 420 °C, attributed to the combined effect of weakened texture intensity and fine grains.

Research on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and High-Temperature Stability of Hot-Rolled Tungsten Hafnium Alloy.

W-(0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) wt.% Hf (mass fraction, wt.%) materials were fabricated by the powder metallurgy method and hot rolling. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and high-temperature stability of alloys with varying compositions were systematically studied. The active element Hf can react with the impurity O segregated at the grain boundary to form fine dispersed HfO2 particles, refining the grains and purifies and strengthening the grain boundary. The average size of the sub-grains in the W-0.3 wt.% Hf alloy is 4.32 μm, and the number density of the in situ-formed second phase is 6.4 × 1017 m-3. The W-0.3 wt.% Hf alloy has excellent mechanical properties in all compositions of alloys. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 1048 ± 17.02 MPa at 100 °C, the ductile fracture occurs at 150 °C, and the total elongation (TE) is 5.91 ± 0.41%. The UTS of the tensile test at 500 °C is 614 ± 7.55 MPa, and the elongation is as high as 43.77 ± 1.54%. However, more Hf addition will increase the size of the second-phase particles and reduce the number density of the second-phase particles, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the tungsten alloy. The isochronal annealing test shows that the recrystallization temperature of W-Hf alloy is 1400 °C, which is 200 °C higher than rolling pure tungsten.

Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY limb observations: two-parameter retrieval

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols play a key role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. Their particle size is a crucial factor controlling the microphysical, radiative, and chemical aerosol processes in the stratosphere. Despite its importance, available observations on aerosol particle size are rather sparse. This limits our understanding and knowledge about the mechanisms and importance of chemical and climate aerosol feedbacks. The retrieval described by Malinina et al. (2018) provides the stratospheric particle size distribution (PSD) from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) limb observations in the tropics. This algorithm has now been improved and extended to work on the entire globe. Two PSD parameters of a unimodal lognormal PSD, the median radius and the geometric standard deviation, are retrieved between 18 and 35 km altitude from SCIAMACHY limb observations by a multiwavelength nonlinear regularized inversion. The approach assumes an aerosol particle number density profile that does not change during the retrieval. The effective Lambertian surface albedo pre-retrieved from coinciding SCIAMACHY nadir observations is integrated into the retrieval algorithm to mitigate the influence of the surface albedo on the retrieval results. The extinction coefficient and the effective radius are calculated from the PSD parameters. The aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY are compared with in situ balloon-borne measurements from Laramie, Wyoming, and retrievals from the satellite instruments of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment series (SAGE II and SAGE III) and Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS). In the Northern Hemisphere, the median radius differs by less than 27 % and the geometric standard deviation by less than 11 % from both balloon-borne and SAGE III data. Differences are mainly attributed to errors in the assumed a priori number density profile. Globally, the SCIAMACHY extinction coefficient at 750 nm deviates by less than 35 % from SAGE II, SAGE III, and OSIRIS data. The effective radii from SCIAMACHY, balloon-borne measurements, and SAGE III agree within about 18 %, while the effective radius based on SAGE II measurements is systematically larger. The novel data set containing the PSD parameters, the effective radius, and the aerosol extinction coefficients at 525, 750, and 1020 nm from SCIAMACHY observations is publicly available.

Complex shock structure in multi-species dusty plasma with nonextensive electrons and two-temperature nonthermal ions

A theoretical investigation has been made to explore the behavior of nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) electrostatic shock waves in a dusty plasma system that consists of arbitarily charged dust particles, negatively charged heavy ions following Cairn’s distribution, positively charged ions with two different temperatures, and nonextensive electrons. The reductive perturbation technique is used to derive a modified Burgers equation analytically. Analytical analysis shows that the characteristics of the nonplanar shock waves, including their polarity, amplitude, width, and phase speed, undergo significant alterations due to factors such as the charges on dust particles, the number density of particles, the temperatures of heavy and light ions, nonextensive electron behavior, and dust kinematic viscosity. Furthermore, this study found shock structures with either a positive or negative potential, depending on the critical value of the proportion of ions to the density of dust particles. The findings maybe useful in understanding the characteristics of shock waves both in space plasma environments and laboratory plasmas.

Efficient point-based simulation of four-way coupled particles in turbulence at high number density.

In many natural and industrial applications, turbulent flows encompass some form of dispersed particles. Although this type of multiphase turbulent flow is omnipresent, its numerical modeling has proven to be a remarkably challenging problem. Models that fully resolve the particle phase are computationally very expensive, strongly limiting the number of particles that can be considered in practice. This warrants the need for efficient reduced order modeling of the complex system of particles in turbulence that can handle high number densities of particles. Here we present an efficient method for point-based simulation of particles in turbulence that are four-way coupled. In contrast with traditional one-way coupled simulations, where only the effect of the fluid phase on the particle phase is modeled, this method additionally captures the back-reaction of the particle phase on the fluid phase, as well as the interactions between particles themselves. We focus on the most challenging case of very light particles or bubbles, which show strong clustering in the high-vorticity regions of the fluid. This strong clustering poses numerical difficulties which are systematically treated in our work. Our method is valid in the limit of small particles with respect to the Kolmogorov scales of the flow and is able to handle very large number densities of particles. This methods paves the way for comprehensive studies of the collective effect of small particles in fluid turbulence for a multitude of applications.

Shear-induced phase behavior of bidisperse jammed suspensions of soft particles

Particle dynamics simulations are used to determine the shear-induced microstructure and rheology of jammed suspensions of soft particles. These suspensions, known as soft particle glasses (SPGs), have an amorphous structure at rest but transform into ordered phases in strong shear flow when the particle size distribution is relatively monodisperse. Here, a series of bidisperse SPGs with different particle radii and number density ratios are considered, and their shear-induced phase diagrams are correlated with the macroscopic rheology at different shear rates and volume fractions. These shear-induced phase diagrams reveal that a combination of these parameters can lead to the emergence of various microstructures such as amorphous, layered, crystals, and in some cases, coexistence of amorphous and ordered phases. The evolution of the shear stress is correlated with the change in the microstructure and is a shear-activated process. Stress shows pseudo-steady behavior during an induction period before the final microstructural change leading to the formation of ordered structures. The outcomes provide a promising method to control the phase behavior of soft suspensions and build new self-assembled microstructures.