Participatory Rural Appraisal Techniques Research Articles

Mangrove Ecosystem Management Strategy to Support Sustainable Development Goal 14

Sustainable mangrove management plays a pivotal role in advancing various sustainable development goals (SDGs). These encompass poverty and hunger eradication, fostering livelihoods and economic growth, countering the impacts of climate change, and protecting biodiversity. To investigate this matter, our study employed participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. The study engaged with local government officials, fishermen, farmers, non-governmental organizations, women leaders, community leaders, and the general public actively involved in mangrove forest regions. The purposive sampling method ensured a representative sample. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, integrating SWOT analysis and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The findings revealed several key strategies: promoting the development of the potential of economically and sustainably valuable mangrove ecosystems through environmentally friendly planting and harvesting; empowering communities through farmers, fishermen, and women’s groups to generate household-scale mangrove-based industries; providing all necessary facilities and infrastructure for mangrove ecotourism visitors; expanding the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in improving community awareness and knowledge on the management of mangroves; and providing training to increase the diversification of mangrove economic products.

Community-Based Payment for Forest Environmental Services: A Study in Vietnam

The implementation of the Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) strategy is increasingly being adopted through community-based initiatives globally. Nonetheless, the comprehension of such community-based PFES remains considerably limited. This investigation delves into the community-based PFES, scrutinizing the impact of local community involvement in PFES financial management mechanisms on the efficacy of this policy at the community level. Conducted in Dien Bien province, Vietnam, this study employed Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques alongside household surveys. The findings indicate that the community-based PFES is operational with efficacy. It engenders motivation and fosters communal engagement in concerted forest conservation endeavors. Moreover, the pillars of self-administration, equitable distribution of benefits, and robust oversight are pivotal in determining the triumph of this policy approach.

Community-Based land use models for sustainable livelihoods in Merapi Volcano disaster prone areas III in Sleman Regency

Merapi Volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. The disaster-prone areas of Merapi Volcano are divided into three levels, namely disaster-prone areas I, II, and III. Level III area being the highest risk area. Disaster-prone area III of Merapi Volcano is a place for people’s daily activities to manage their livelihood assets such as farming and gardening, livestock, sand mining, and tourism. This study aims to analyze land use in disaster-prone areas III of Merapi Volcano, find the relationship between land use and community preparedness, and find a model of sustainable land use in disaster-prone areas based on the community. The research method uses qualitative methods with participatory rural appraisal techniques. The research was conducted in villages located in disaster-prone areas III of Merapi Volcano which are included in the Sleman Regency area. The results of the research are finding the land use models based on spatial and temporal considerations and a community-based land use model at the micro to macro level in disaster-prone areas III. This research can be input for policy makers, institutions working in the field of disaster, further research, and for the wider community in carrying out land use in disaster-prone areas.

Assessment of Socio-Economic Characteristics and Drivers of Deforestation of Mandara Hills in Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa State

There is sufficient proof that the entire world is fronting an ecological disaster because of huge deforestation. This study assessed the drivers of deforestation and the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Information was sourced by administering questionnaires to 200 respondents drawn from the support zone dwellers of Mandara hills in Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa State, and alongside interviews scheduled using participatory rural appraisal technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and smith’s saliency model. The later was used for ranking of benefits derived from the hills and the conservation measures proffered by the respondents. The following age classes 26-30 years with 30 respondents, 31-35 years (35), 36-40 years (32) and 41-45 years (30) had the majority of the respondents. On gender, the majority (84.50%) of the respondents were males. Percentage of respondents for civil servants (21.50%) and farming (27.50%). The mainstream of the respondents had formal education represented by primary (19.5%), secondary (24.50%) and tertiary (36.0%). Most of the respondents had income that ranged from N100,000.00 - N2,000,000.00. The major benefits derived from the hills included; human protection during wars and insurgency (32.50%) and farming (30.50%). Drivers of deforestation based on; bad, worse and worst effect rankings cumulatively showed agricultural expansion topping the list, followed by indiscriminate destruction of wildlife habitat. Conservation measures suggested in order of frequency of respondents included; reduced human settlement around the hills (34.50%) and implementation of natural forest regeneration and restoration (31.50%).

Riverbank Erosion and vulnerability – A study on the char dwellers of Assam, India

The paper tries to analyze the impacts of erosion on the livelihood and vulnerability statusof the char dwellers of Assam, India. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, choosing one district from each of Assam's agro-climatic zones across the Brahmaputra valley as a representative of the state's char regions. As a qualitative tool, the study uses the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique and as quantitative tool the study uses Vulnerability as Uninsured Exposure to Risk (VER) econometric model.394 char households were surveyed through a semi-structured schedule. For each village selected for the study, a combined social-resource map was created using the PRA method in order to determine the severity of the erosion issue in the char regions. The VER model is used to empirically examine the relationship between char land erosion and the well-being of char inhabitants. The study reveals that erosion of the char land has serious, detrimental impacts on the livelihood and economic well-being of the char residents and thereby make the char dwellers vulnerable. The study makes recommendations of both structural and non-structural adaptation practices to minimize the effects of erosion on char dwellers livelihood.

Being with Donkeys: Insights into the Valuing and Wellbeing of Donkeys in Central Ethiopia

Abstract This paper explores the interwoven lives of donkeys and the people who depend on them for their livelihoods in central Ethiopia. Drawing on data from 12 participatory workshops, insights were elicited into the ways human co-workers value and treat their donkey co-workers. Methodologically, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) techniques were merged to explore the complex and multi-dimensional contributions donkeys make to participants’ lives. Findings reveal working with donkeys can make the difference between destitution and modest survival, but societal perception of donkeys as low-status animals has an impact on their owners’ lives and donkey wellbeing. This research contributes empirical insights on the valuing of donkeys and enables a deepened understanding of human-donkey relations. The combination of PRA and AI in the methodology demonstrates how to formulate a compassionate and empathetic approach for exploring donkey value and wellbeing with marginalized groups.

Village Adoption Programme: A Benchmark Survey Report of Damera Village

Benchmark survey was conducted during the year 2020 in adopted village, Damera of Agricultural College, Warangal to collect information on various aspects like socio-economic conditions of farmers, demographic profile, land holding, cropping pattern, farming system practices and constraints faced by farmers, adoption and technology gaps of new agricultural technologies/varieties. Participatory rural appraisal techniques like direct observation, social mapping, venn diagram, timeline, seasonal calendar, resource mapping and transect walk were followed with the involvement of farmers to find out the information about problems, needs and potentials of the village. The study report shows that, majority of the farmers belong to marginal farmers (75.20%). It was observed that farmers highly depend on local dealers for purchasing seeds. Hybrids were preferred in cotton and maize cultivation and mainly purchased from local shop dealers. Hence, demonstration on popularization of new agricultural varieties/knowledge on remunerative cropping systems and need based location specific capacity building programmes must be conducted to the farmers for improvement in their socio economic status.

Madrasah Accreditation Assistance at MTs Rodhatul Jannah, Palangka Raya

Accreditation carried out by the government for madrasah isa form of public accountability carried out in an objective,fair, transparent, and comprehensive manner usinginstruments and criteria that refer to the National EducationStandards. This assistance aims to provide understanding tothe madrasah community in filling out and fulfillingMadrasah Accreditation to Improve the Quality of Educationat MTs Rodhatul Jannah, Palangka Raya. This assistance usesthe Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique. Theresults of assistance are carried out through activities; 1).Equalization of Perceptions about the importance ofaccreditation for improving the quality of madrasas, 2)Preparation of accreditation. The impact of mentoringactivities shows a positive direction, where there is a changein the mindset of the assisted subject related to madrasahaccreditation and an increase in the capacity of the madrasacommunity as evidenced by their success in filling out andcompleting the madrasah accreditation instrument.

Understanding local actors’ perspective of threats to the sustainable management of communal rangeland and the role of Participatory GIS (PGIS): the case of Vulindlela, South Africa

ABSTRACT Rangelands in arid and semi-arid regions serve as grazing land for domesticated animals and therefore offer livelihood opportunities for most pastoral communities. Thus, the exposure of most rangelands in arid and semi-arid regions to threats that are associated with natural, social, economic, and political processes affects their capacity to provide socioeconomic and environmental support to the immediate and global communities. In spite of the effects of rangeland transformations on both the natural and human environment, the assessment of threats affecting rangeland productivity has often been approached from a conventional scientific perspective. Most existing literature is focused on the assessment of threats to the biophysical environment. As such the social dimension of rangeland threats is not well understood. This research employed participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and PGIS techniques to assess rangeland threats and management actions from a local perspective. The result revealed that local actors prioritize threats to their social and economic needs over threats to the biophysical environment and their preference is informed by the frequency and magnitude of the threats. The outcome of the research demonstrates the need to promote rangeland governance through interdisciplinary and inclusive participation in research and development.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AGRICULTURE OF LUBUK KERTANG VILLAGE, LANGKAT REGENCY

The role of the agricultural sector is inseparable from the existence of a village which is the smallest regional unit, one of the common characteristics of which is to do business in the agricultural sector. Lubuk Kertang Village is one of the 7 Villages in the District of West Berandan, Langkat Regency, which has large development potential, even more so with the assignment of Lubuk Kertang Village as a Mangrove Forest Ecotourism area. In its development, the village was also faced with various local problems. The research method used was a participatory approach, namely the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique. Data analysis was performed statistically descriptive and qualitative. Problems in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency include: agriculture, water, human resource capacity, economy, health, law and morals and institutions. The village problems can be overcome with the development strategy of making the village of Lubuk Kertang an Agro-tourism destination.

Program Kampung Berdaya dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Menuju Kesejahteraan

This study aims to find out how the Berdaya Foundation approach, the form of participation and the results of participation obtained by the Patrol Village community with the Kampung Berdaya program. The method in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study are: the approach taken by the Berdaya Foundation using the PRA (participatory rural appraisal) technique. Forms of community participation, namely: the participation of ideas, energy, property, skills / skills and social. The success of community participation is to increase the welfare of the patrol village community in terms of health, education, economy and social aspects.

How Do Left-Behind Families Adapt to the Salinity-Induced Male Out-Migration Context? A Case Study of Shyamnagar Sub-District in Coastal Bangladesh

The knowledge regarding male out-migration due to climate change and large-scale, rapid-onset disasters and their impacts on the left-behind families is well known. However, research on the adaptation strategies for the families left behind due to disaster-induced male-out seasonal migration is rarely carried out. Thus, this study attempts to explore the coping and adaptation strategies adopted by the left-behind families in the salinity-induced male out-migration context. Analyzing the factors affecting the adaptation behaviors is also a major objective of this study. The study was carried out in Shyamnagar sub-district of coastal Bangladesh, where male-out seasonal migration for both rapid and slow-onset disasters is evidenced. The data regarding the adaptation measures were explored through different participatory rural appraisal techniques. Primary data were collected from 213 women from the left-behind families through a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as multiple linear regression for analyzing the factors affecting adaptation behaviors were applied. The results revealed that the left-behind families, especially the women and children, adopted a total of 35 coping and adaptation strategies in five different aspects, such as economic adaptation, social adaptation measures, environmental measures, educational measures, and health-related measures. Migrant husbands’ age and their education, the household’s alternative income sources’ availability, receiving loans, disaster history, and migration history variables contributed most significantly to the adaptation behavior. This study provides a new perspective on seasonal male out-migration and the adaptation strategies of the left-behind families, which could be helpful for disaster-induced human migration management and enhancing the resilience of vulnerable communities.

Tingkat Pemanfaatan Bahan Koleksi sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi pada Anak di Rumah Literasi Ranggi Sumatera Utara

Reading books for children is very important for a child's growth and development, especially when entering a formal educational environment such as elementary school. This activity aims to explore the benefits of having a literacy house, especially to improve children's learning abilities. Using participatory rural appraisal methods or techniques and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, focus group discussions and literature review. The results of the study show that the Ranggi Literacy House at the PWI Complex, Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang acts as a source of learning for children, especially underprivileged children, a place for character formation, and a source of information for parents. in child care, community recreation and training facilities, even facilities for mothers to express their talents. The results of the study indicate that the availability of children's literature in the mother and child library services is quite adequate. Judging from the suitability of literature for the age level and information needs of children, it is in accordance with the availability of 3D collections for children who cannot read, and the availability of fairy tales, comics, religious books, history books, and other textbooks. The use of children's literature at the Ranggi Literacy House is quite good. This is shown by the enthusiasm of users in reading literature and utilizing the available facilities. Obstacles faced by the Ranggi Literacy House in improving the reading culture of its users: they do not yet have an audio-visual collection, even though audio-visual collections can contribute to improving children's reading culture because in reality children tend to prefer using technology and prefer to see and hear. However, in fulfillment of this, the Ranggi Literacy House also often holds watching folklore or other stories together as a form of character education for children.
 Keywords: Reading garden, learning resources, educational-recreational information sources.

Tingkat Pemanfaatan Bahan Koleksi sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi pada Anak di Rumah Literasi Ranggi Sumatera Utara

Reading books for children is very important for a child's growth and development, especially when entering a formal educational environment such as elementary school. This activity aims to explore the benefits of having a literacy house, especially to improve children's learning abilities. Using participatory rural appraisal methods or techniques and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, focus group discussions and literature review. The results of the study show that the Ranggi Literacy House at the PWI Complex, Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang acts as a source of learning for children, especially underprivileged children, a place for character formation, and a source of information for parents. in child care, community recreation and training facilities, even facilities for mothers to express their talents. The results of the study indicate that the availability of children's literature in the mother and child library services is quite adequate. Judging from the suitability of literature for the age level and information needs of children, it is in accordance with the availability of 3D collections for children who cannot read, and the availability of fairy tales, comics, religious books, history books, and other textbooks. The use of children's literature at the Ranggi Literacy House is quite good. This is shown by the enthusiasm of users in reading literature and utilizing the available facilities. Obstacles faced by the Ranggi Literacy House in improving the reading culture of its users: they do not yet have an audio-visual collection, even though audio-visual collections can contribute to improving children's reading culture because in reality children tend to prefer using technology and prefer to see and hear. However, in fulfillment of this, the Ranggi Literacy House also often holds watching folklore or other stories together as a form of character education for children.
 Keywords: Reading garden, learning resources, educational-recreational information sources.

Development Communication Role in Natural Resources and Environmental Management Adaptive to Climate Change

The weakness of natural resources and environmental management at the household level in peri-urban communities has significantly impacted domestic waste problems. These impacts include flooding, pollution, and housing microclimates. Peri-urban communities need an appropriate development communication model to empower communities to manage household waste, primarily to address the impacts of climate change on environmental problems. Risk communication in the form of an interactive process of exchanging information and opinions among individuals, groups, and institutions is considered appropriate for managing environmental issues. This research aims to develop a development communication model for overcoming the effects of climate change, especially household waste and its impacts. This research method uses the Participatory Rural Communication Appraisal (PRCA) technique by placing researchers who live with the community during the study period to empower the community. The research location was Kebalen Village, Bekasi Regency, West Java, a peri-urban community facing the risk of flooding, pollution, and housing microclimate problems. The results showed that the participatory and convergent risk communication model changed community behaviour. There was a change in the awareness and behaviour of the community from leaving waste to external waste managers to managing waste independently, which is beneficial for social, economic, environmental, and SDGs achievement.

Application of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Techniques in Waste Problems in Sukamanis Village Kadudampit District

Until now, waste is still an endless social problem and must be faced by the general public. Garbage can become a serious social problem if it is not managed properly and correctly. In the waste problem, of course, the community plays an important role, the community needs to participate directly to be able to manage waste properly in order to overcome the waste problem that still exists in the surrounding environment. In this case, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique can be an approach method to overcome the existing waste problem. Sukamanis Village, located in Kadudampit District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, was the location chosen to carry out research related to Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques to find out the waste problem and the potentials in the area. Based on the results of the assessment activities carried out with community participation through the PRA technique, a Garbage Transport Car procurement program was formed and the SPS (Sukamanis Cares Waste) program which includes various activities including MOSA, KERTI, SOSA, and PEMSA.

Survey Study on Traditional Storage Practices of Finger Millet

Current study aimed to assess the traditional storage practices being practiced in southern dry zone of Karnataka viz. Mysuru, Mandya, Hassan, Tumkur&Chamarajanagara districts and to identify the best storage practices being followed in these districts. Field survey was undertaken in major finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] growing region of all five districts of Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka viz. Mysuru, Mandya, Hassan, Tumkur & Chamarajanagara. Information was documented by using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique like observation and discussion. The data on various methods was collected by contacting the respondents through one-to-one interaction and group discussion methods, the indigenous technologies used by dry land farmers for storage of seed were documented. Survey observations delineated that hagevu, metal bin and gunny bag type of traditional storage practices being followed for the storage of finger millet in southern dry zones of Karnataka viz. Mysuru, Mandya, Hassan, Tumkur & Chamarajanagara districts. Precautionary measures before storage, during storage, and after receipt of grains highlighted in our study were being practiced by farmers in these regions to ensure protection from spoilage of grains. It was demonstrated through our field study that traditional technical skill teaches us how best the utilization of natural sources could be useful for storage and protection of life of grains or seeds.

Community Perspective of Male Involvement in Maternal Health Care in Uttarakhand, India: A Qualitative Study.

Due to the significant role of male in decision making in India, they may decide if, when and where a woman may access antenatal, delivery and postnatal care; and whether or not to provide financial resources to travel to these services. Men's involvement in maternity care is recognized as a key strategy in improving maternal health and accelerating the reduction of maternal mortality. This study explores key components and challenges to male involvement in maternal health care (MHC). Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with a purposive sample of the community key stakeholders from the field practice area of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, (AIIMS) Rishikesh from October 2020 to January 2021. Manual thematic analysis with a semantic approach was used for the data analysis. Themes were prioritized using Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique. Twenty-three participants represented the heterogeneous group of key stakeholders. Stakeholders identified the need for improved awareness regardingMHC services among men. Husband involvement is affected by availability (work stations at different places), literacy, gender-based work domain and social cultures, finances and health facility environment.Four major themes were identified: Male involvement in antenatal, intranatal; postnatal care; and barriers to male involvement in MHC. Sub-themes under male involvement inantenatal care; intranatal care; and postnatal care were further prioritized via PRA as 'very important'; 'important' and 'not so important' and scores were given as 3, 2 and 1 respectively. Male involvement is a key strategy to improve pregnancy outcome; however, different challenges exist in their involvement in the maternal health care. Current study helped to contextualize the perception regarding importance of male involvement in MHC; and the situation of study area in order to understand social and cultural factors that shape the behavior and practices of men in relation to their involvement.

PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) Technique as an Alternative for Development of Tourism Village Potential in Selur Village, Ngrayun District, Ponorogo Regency

<p>This paper shows that village development is an important program in community development. Of course, this development also relies on community participation. The tourism village cannot be separated from the participation of the community in it. The condition of the community will be the main factor in the interest of the ongoing process of developing a tourist village. When people are able to think properly and correctly, the management of natural resources will be better. The results of this research also show the results if the packaging of the tourist village will affect the results of the tourists who attend, because good creations and innovations will bring some good things or visitor participation will be better for the tourism manager and the surrounding community. To achieve this maximum result, one of the efforts is to use the PRA or Participatory Rural Appraisal method.</p>This research method uses a qualitative method with the type of case study. The method of data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and observation. For future research, it can be done by deepening the PRA technique in village development.

"Baseline Assessment of Adopted Village, Veldurthi (V), Jagtial (D)"

A base line survey was conducted during the year 2020 in adopted village, Veldurthi of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial for understanding the demography, cultivation practices, land holding, occupation, social status, literacy level, cropping pattern, ITKs etc. and gaps in terms of adoption of new agricultural technologies/varieties, constraints faced by the rural people in agriculture. Participatory rural appraisal techniques i.e. Social mapping, resource mapping, Venn diagram , Matrix ranking were employed with the involvement of farmers and using a structured schedule for collecting the base line survey data. Adoption index was used to identify the gap in adoption of new technologies/varieties and percentage change was also used to show the increase or decrease over the years. The study report shows that, majority of the farmers belong to marginal farmers (43.8%). The adoption index/gap is more in Turmeric (100%) followed by Paddy (81%) Vegetables (75%) Sesamum (37%). Hence, there is a need to introduce the HYVs for adoption by the farmers mostly in Turmeric and paddy followed by vegetables and sesame. It was observed that the no. of cultivators were decreased to an extent of (19%) from 2011 to 2020 due to decrease in yields and lack of remunerative agricultural income. Hence, new agricultural technologies/varieties/knowledge on remunerative cropping systems and vocational trainings must be conducted to the farmers for improvement in their socio economic status and motivate towards farming.