Participatory Planning Model Research Articles

Developing Participatory Planning Model to Improve Regional Development Planning

Developing Participatory Planning Model to Improve Regional Development Planning

Unlocking the Potential of Participatory Planning: How Flexible and Adaptive Governance Interventions Can Work in Practice

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed the rapid diffusion of participatory planning models, including Community-Driven Development and Participatory Budgeting. Despite enormous funding outlays, studies paint a mixed picture about whether and when these programs “work” to improve welfare, governance, or social change. To better understand these questions, our paper takes an in-depth approach to understanding the sub-national application of a single participatory planning intervention implemented across Northern Kenya, using qualitative process tracing to understand the mechanisms operating across five counties. Our findings suggest the potential for participatory planning interventions to succeed is contingent on three factors which are insufficiently understood by both practitioners and academics. (1) At the institutional level, participatory planning interventions need to address genuine governance gaps by fulfilling functions that are not met by formal or informal institutions. (2) The rule-based design of participatory institutions often requires adaptation at the sub-national level in response to contextual factors, and the success of this adaptation mediates whether rules function as intended. (3) Ground-level implementers exercise far more discretion than officially recognized during implementation, suggesting they function as a poorly understood source of variation between and within programs.

Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Perencanaan Penataan Permukiman Kumuh di Kampung Pedak Baru, Bantul

Architectural works of poor communities in informal settlements are often recoqnized as Marginalized Architecture, because indeed the people who create the Architecture is in these settlements are people who are marginalized by the social strata of urban society. They develop the house according to their needs and abilities. Methods of development, planning and design as well as the use of building materials are often very suitable for the needs of the local community, the local climate and even according to their daily income. In SDGs 2030 it is hoped that the settlements of these marginal communities can be eliminated. One of the marginal settlements in Bantul Regency is located in Kampung Pedak Baru, Bangun Tapan Village. The situation of marginal settlements developed on the banks of the Gajahwong river needs to be developed. Through community assistance conducted by lecturers from Duta Wacana Christian University, community-based slum settlement planning was carried out. With a totally participatory planning model, this community service program can be implemented well together with the team KOTAKU program supported by the Bantul Regency regional government. As a result of the total participatory model in planning slum development, the people of Kampung Pedak Baru are satisfied because they were involved in the planning process. Apart from that, currently the Bantul Regency Government is still negotiating with the Central Government to finance the implementation of the slum area development plan in Kampung Pedak Baru. Architectural works of poor communities in informal settlements are often recoqnized as Marginalized Architecture, because indeed the people who create the Architecture is in these settlements are people who are marginalized by the social strata of urban society. They develop the house according to their needs and abilities. Methods of development, planning and design as well as the use of building materials are often very suitable for the needs of the local community, the local climate and even according to their daily income. In SDGs 2030 it is hoped that the settlements of these marginal communities can be eliminated. One of the marginal settlements in Bantul Regency is located in Kampung Pedak Baru, Bangun Tapan Village. The situation of marginal settlements developed on the banks of the Gajahwong river needs to be developed. Through community assistance conducted by lecturers from Duta Wacana Christian University, community-based slum settlement planning was carried out. With a totally participatory planning model, this community service program can be implemented well together with the team KOTAKU program supported by the Bantul Regency regional government. As a result of the total participatory model in planning slum development, the people of Kampung Pedak Baru are satisfied because they were involved in the planning process. Apart from that, currently the Bantul Regency Government is still negotiating with the Central Government to finance the implementation of the slum area development plan in Kampung Pedak Baru.

Exposing urban sustainability transitions: urban expansion in Alexandria, Egypt

ABSTRACT Based on a case study of Alexandria city, Egypt, this paper investigates the configuration, interrelation, and integration of urban expansion within the framework of sustainability transitions to enhance the performance of sociotechnical transitions. It explores two main arguments; first, to evaluate the recent urban planning innovations, and second, to raise awareness of the participatory planning model to enhance the involvement of the three pillars to better integrate urban sustainable development. It presumes there is a linkage between urban sustainability transitions and the geographical transitions. It further evaluates whether this linkage would benefit accommodating the rapid population growth of Alexandria. This research applies an empirical methodology to test concepts and patterns known from theory generating three scenarios from empirical data. Moving beyond the ‘niche–regime dichotomy’, this study concludes that innovative practices and vested interests are typically constituted in a dualistic manner and tend to incite processes of change in both.

Assistance of an expert in the participatory planning model in the area included in the revitalisation programme in view of the desired changes. Based on the example of the district of Śródka in Poznań

Assistance of an expert in the participatory planning model in the area included in the revitalisation programme in view of the desired changes. Based on the example of the district of Śródka in Poznań

A participatory planning model in the context of Historic Urban Landscape: The case of Kyrenia’s Historic Port Area

Urban areas are constantly changing due to the pressures of migration and rapid growth in urban populations. As a result, historically and culturally significant sites are under increased risk of deterioration and this affects the urban sustainability transitions culturally and socially. Thus, an operationally multidimensional conservation management framework is needed with new approaches to historic heritage sites, in which urban dynamics are considered extensively. Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) concept, which was launched by UNESCO in 2011 brought a new comprehensive perspective with parameters to help protect heritage areas in more sustainable ways. The parameters of HUL consists of aspects such as but not limited to landscape, culture, stakeholders, diversity, sustainability, multidisciplinary cooperation, equity, participation, and building capacity.This new approach was developed for relatively more sustainable and integrated ways to protect heritage in the urban context. It is also a management tool to support the Site Management Plans more holistically in the conservation of historic and cultural heritage sites within the World Heritage List.In this research, Kyrenia Historic Port Area was studied with respect to the aspects elaborated in the Historic Urban Landscape approach of UNESCO. A sustainable and participatory conservation process was found to be lacking due to the institutional, economic and political challenges. In that context, a relatively more inclusive and participatory model was proposed, which can be incorporated in Management Plans. In order to test the applicability of the concept of the Historic Urban Landscape in the stated area; internationally applied field management plans, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) laws, provisions, and ordinances have been examined through the review of the relevant literature. Additionally in the context of heritage site protection, the purpose, definition, processes, and components of the Site Management Plans were discussed.In regard to the proposed model, The Australian Ballarat Site Management Plan as conceptual framework was examined and subsequently the methods and management mechanisms were analyzed. In result of the analyses, a proposed innovative model was discussed in order to determine the flow of the management system of Kyrenia in the historic port area and to ensure the participation of stakeholders in the decision-making as well as the conservation of the area, which are essential elements in establishing more sustainable conservation and management of heritage sites not only in the city of Kyrenia but also in other parts of the country and the Island as a whole.

PERENCANAAN PARTISIPATIF PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KOTA TANGERANG

This study aims to analyze the participatory planning process at the Tangerang City Public Works Agency. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approachThe focus of participatory planning analysis research based on participatory planning models includes aspects: Investigation, Problem Formulation, Identification of Carrying Capacity, Formulation of Objectives, Establishing Detailed Steps, and Designing a Budget. The sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis method with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results of the analysis show that the aspect of investigation starts from the level of RT / RW, Village Musrenbang, District Musrenbang up to the SKPD Forum. Aspect formulation of the problem found data collected is what is truly felt by the community, even though there are some of the data collected which is then used as an activity not felt in the expected year. The identification aspect appears to be carrying capacity. Aspects of formulating objectives have used the principles: Transparent, Responsive, Participatory, and Accountable. The aspect of setting detailed steps, the planning process carried out already contains what will be achieved, what activities will be carried out in accordance with the planning document and the proposed results of the Musrenbang, the division of tasks / responsibilities at the government level, especially the technical service the community level only proposes proposals for activities, and has included time even though it is still general. Community involvement should be carried out continuously. Government officials are expected to be resource persons and facilitators and mediators in the planning process. An information system is needed that specifically handles the planning process that can be accessed by the general public in order to see the proposals and the results of the planning process that has been implemented.Keywords: Partisipative Planning Process

Unravelling narratives of water management: Reflections on epistemic uncertainty in the first cycle of implementation of the Water Framework Directive in southern Spain

The participatory planning model promoted by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) leads to the emergence of new questions on how to define problems, how to know if something is a problem and for whom. We propose the concept of epistemic uncertainty to assess adaptive governance in the context of broadening of narratives about how water should be managed. For this purpose, we analyse how framings of the problem-solution duality with regards to water management evolve throughout the first cycle of implementation of the WFD in a semi-arid river basin in Southern Spain. We identify five narratives on water management: supply-side management, demand-side management, deep ecology, rural livelihoods and knowledge and governance. The paper contributes to the adaptive governance literature by arguing that epistemic uncertainty cannot be treated as a technical problem, and dealing with pluralism and accommodating evolving narratives are essential to adaptability in governance. We submit that the implementation of the WFD should take into account stakeholders’ uneven capacities to influence water management and the hindrances to implementation that ensue. With regard to the study area, we find that (i) narrative pluralism is handled through ambiguity and coalition strategies based on large infrastructural investments, traditional in the Spanish context, (ii) unexpected events such as the economic crisis had greater influence on water management than participatory processes, and (iii) little evolution was observed in the perception of problems after implementation of the plan and mistrust of the water administration rose during the period analysed.

The Conflation of Participatory Budgeting and Public–Private Partnerships in Porto Alegre, Brazil: The Construction of a Working‐Class Mall for Street Hawkers

This article addresses the political transition of Porto Alegre's Participatory Budget from a mechanism of restraining and managing some of the harshest manifestations of neoliberal urbanization to a promoter of profit‐driven urban development. The most emblematic instance of the transition is the public–private partnership for the construction and management by a developer of a marketplace to relocate downtown street hawkers to an enclosed building. The article describes not only how the mayoŕs office was able to approve, as part of the downtown revitalization project, the relocation of street hawkers into a working‐class popular shopping mall but also how the executive branch succeeded in transforming a public–private partnership into an elected participatory budget demand. Furthermore, I demonstrate how neoliberal programs of public–private partnerships undermine more redistributive participatory practices, such as the participatory budget, by combining their mechanisms with the older practices rather than eliminating the rival planning tool. This article provides an analysis of local class interests and strategies regarding the issue of street hawking in Porto Alegre by contrasting models of participatory planning. I argue that social classes with an investment in the urban question are key actors in developing hybrid models of neoliberal urbanization.

Integrated Development Planning in South Africa: Lessons from the Dwars River Valley

Post-apartheid South Africa has brought about internationally acclaimed legislation that promotes social equity and environmental sustainability. This paper presents findings of research conducted in the Municipality of Stellenbosch on the effectiveness of the participatory planning model, the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). While post-apartheid accomplishments are noteworthy, power dynamics and fiscal insecurity continue to shape outcomes. Innovative coalitions have emerged, instilling hope that true participation is possible after trust between all stakeholders mends historical tensions.

Surveillance Recommendations for Developing Effective Tobacco Prevention and Control Interventions for Low-SES Populations

On October 6 and 7, 2005, a diverse panel of experts was invited to Atlanta, Georgia by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health to discuss, explore, and share their ideas on how to identify and subsequently plan effective interventions with low socioeconomic status populations in regard to tobacco prevention and control. The invited participants had expertise in three areas: surveillance and evaluation, program planning, and health communications. This article summarizes the methods, processes, discussions, and recommendations that emerged from the surveillance and evaluation group. Current surveillance systems have had success at identifying high-risk populations, but usually at the national or state level. Interventions occur at the local level, and current data are woefully inadequate in providing direction as far as programming planning. It is recommended that an eight-step approach be used for surveillance and monitoring that includes qualitative data collection and participatory planning models.

Conducting Needs Assessment Using the Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation Model to Develop Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions in a Rural Community in the Mississippi Delta

Conducting Needs Assessment using the Comprehensive Participarty Planning and Evaulation (CPPE) Model to Develop Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions in a Rural Community in the Mississippi Delta Murugi Ndirangu, PhD, Med, Helen Perkins, Jennifer Rebecca West, MPH, Margaret L. Bogle, PhD, RD, Ross Santell, PhD, Kathleen Yadrick, PhD, RD, Amanda Avis-Williams, MPH, and Carol Connell, PhD, RD Purpose • This article describes a successful partnership between researchers and a poor African-American community living in a small rural community in the lower Mississippi Delta. The two groups worked closely together on a multistage research project that had two aims. These were 1) To identify health problems related to eating and exercise habits within the community, and 2) To identify and rank possible corrective measures. • The partnership operated within a framework provided by a research method called the Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation (CPPE) approach. CPPE emphasizes the direct, active and ongoing participation of community members coupled with a focus upon root causes in addressing lifestyle-related health problems. • CPPE research efforts begin with assessments of the key problems. The initial assessments include the development of models to identify the fundamental causes of health problems in a detailed fashion. Only when these causes have been exposed, do participants proceed to identify, rank and choose interventions. • This article provides detailed descriptions of how this process unfolded in a rural community in the Mississippi Delta. Recommendations for Policy and Practice • To maximize the odds of success, community members should actively join in the initial stages of planning for any nutrition and health interventions to be tried in their area. Such early, active participation offers major advantages over past approaches to research in which academics set the overarching agenda and only involved community members at later stages (as research subjects rather than as integral partners). Early and intense involvement of community members leads to a better, more appropriate agenda for the research project. The insights that only community members can bring to bear on their health problems also ensure that any attempted interventions are far more likely to prove workable within the community over the long term. • Participatory planning models (such as the CPPE model) provide a valuable step-by-step partnership process. Through such a process, researchers can work closely with ordinary people in both identifying the key health problems facing those people's communities and in selecting suitable interventions. How Findings Support Recommendations • This study marks the first use of the CPPE approach within a developed country. Previously its use had been limited to communities in developing nations. CPPE provides a simple, straightforward process for the [End Page 5] identification of nutrition and health problems and for the planning of appropriate interventions. By using this planning approach, academic partners readily engaged in a joint research study with citizens of a small, rural community, one rife with factors predisposing its residents to poor health. • The CPPE approach stresses the ability of local people themselves to best pinpoint the root causes of health problems afflicting their community. Its collaborative approach to the problem-identification phase of any research project sets the stage for the subsequent development of effective, sustainable interventions that can only arise from a deep understanding of a given community's needs and strengths. • Once they had defined their own three top problems, the local participants worked with their university partners to develop causal models for those problems. (The three were 1. intake of unhealthy food; 2. lack of knowledge about nutrition, and 3. inadequate physical activity.) The causal models provided a broad and deeply revealing perspective on each problem. Such a perspective fostered the development of potentially effective, sustainable interventions. • Community members exerted a great deal of control over the choice of the intervention approaches that were implemented. They did so through a systematic approach to ranking each proposed intervention strategy against criteria that they themselves had deemed important before the final choices were set. • This process stressed the use of community members' knowledge and inside understanding in planning interventions. The process also involved community members working with the academicians to create an objective framework for evaluating and choosing intervention approaches. Murugi Ndirangu Center for Global Health and Economic Development, The...

Citizen Participation, the ‘Knowledge Problem’ and Urban Land Use Planning: An Austrian Perspective on Institutional Choice

At the forefront of the argument for government-directed land use planning is the notion that -citizen participation- in urban land use decisions can avoid the problems associated with bureaucratic governance and tackle widespread instances of -market failure-. Using illustrations from the British land use planning system this paper argues that participatory planning models are insufficiently attuned to the problems of social co-ordination generated by the absence of market prices and of the importance of private property rights in facilitating -experiments in urban living-.

Extending educational planning discourse: A new strategic planning model

To academic visionaries the new century appears to have an emerging environment characterized by increased complexity, uncertainty, unpredictability which, some have argued, render traditional notions of planning and management irrelevant. The expectations of management and planning scholars carry the implicit assumption that somehow individual capability and organizational capacities will rise to meet the enormous challenges of this new environment. In the light of this situation the purposes of this paper are: (1) to briefly examine the limitations and criticisms of traditional educational planning; (2) to outline the emerging concepts and processes which collectively form a new paradigm for strategic planning; (3) to discuss the new model within the context of changing national policy and planning environments and increased localization; (4) to review the limited results of empirical research related to more participatory planning models; and (5) to offer a critique of the assumptions and practicality of the new model in the process of planning and sustaining educational change in developing countries

Privatization, Participation, and the Planning Process: A Case Study of Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure

Two broad models of planning inform public administrators and planners. One is a public management model in which involvement in decision making is on a “need-to-know ” basis, and public participation and input are viewed as forces to be overcome. It echoes the private sector practice of flexible specialization in that it relies on quick decision making and noninclusive planning to reduce intraorganizational conflict. The other is a participatory planning model that invites many stakeholders to discuss and debate aspects of pending decisions. Emphasis is frequently placed on stakeholder concerns and equity issues. Current efforts to restructure local government service delivery through privatization and contracting-out potentially privilege the public management model over the participatory model. The City of Indianapolis recently contracted its wastewater treatment operations and management to a private consortium using the public management model. This article links several recent and unintended outcomes in the Indianapolis case to the planning model used.

Market Socialism or Participatory Planning?

This paper consists of a critical analysis of the British school of market socialism and a discussion of participatory planning as an alternative model for a socialist economy. It concludes that market socialism's claim to combine efficiency with socialist objectives is incoherent and that, unlike market socialism, models of participatory planning have the potential to contribute to the renewal of the socialist project.