Participatory Orientation Research Articles

Cultural tailoring advance care planning for an American Indian community: make your wishes about you

ABSTRACT Background Advance care planning empowers people by allowing them some control over certain healthcare decisions in the event they are unable. Yet, advance care planning rates in the American Indian and Alaska Native populations are low. Thus, we culturally tailored the Make Your Wishes About You (MY WAY), an intervention to improve advance care planning access and completion for American Indian peoples. Methods In partnership with an American Indian Tribe, the project took a community-based participatory orientation and relied on a Community Advisory Board and a Professional Advisory Board. The culturally tailoring was a 15-step process. These steps allowed us to ensure that the tailoring reflects community-specific norms and preferences, greater reliance on visual images and local idioms of expression, more appropriate attention to family roles, and inclusion of spiritual elements. Results A four-phase cultural tailoring framework emerged with each phase centering around listening, learning, and analyzing with tailoring occurring between each phase. A culturally tailored MY WAY was created, which was delivered in a manner that reflected Tribal citizenss' preferences. Materials included Tribal language, local idioms of expression, attention to family roles, and appropriate inclusion of spiritual elements. The materials were rated high on a content validity index by the advisory board members. Conclusion There is a growing interest in tailoring existing evidence-based programs with relatively little in the literature offering guidance. By sharing our efforts and experiences in culturally tailoring an advance care planning program for an American Indian Tribe, we hope that it will serve useful for future efforts in ensuring that evidence-based programming reaches those in greatest need. While this project was rooted in the core Indigenous values of community, ceremony or spirituality, language, and place it also lends itself to broader translation across different populations.

Discursive management of patients’ disagreement with doctors’ recommendations in Nigerian hospital visits

Patients’ disagreement with doctors’ treatment recommendations, which receives participatory or non-participatory attention from the consultative parties, constitutes a major discursive issue in clinical encounters. However, the literature on medical discourse has demonstrated more concentration on the participatory than the non-participatory dimension of the encounters. This discursive representation does not adequately capture the consultative encounters in Nigeria where both situations obtain but where none has been significantly studied, leaving a lacuna in the understanding of conflict management in the hospitals. An analysis of 25 purposively sampled doctor-patient interactions in Southwestern Nigerian hospitals was undertaken with theoretical insights from the notion of activity type, common ground models and conversation analysis. Findings indicate that two types of actions are identified in treatment-related indirect disagreement in Nigerian clinical encounters: participatory and non-participatory action. Participatory orientations to indirect disagreement are contextualised in joint therapeutic efficacy or institutional convenience; non-participatory orientations in the same disagreement type are situated in salient emergency. The resulting negotiation, or lack of it, reveals clinical power dynamics, and interpenetrating evocations of the voice of medicine and the voice of the life world in paternalistic and humanistic contexts; and consequently partial or inexistent patient satisfaction. The paper concludes that participatory communication and strategic deployment of humanistic and paternalistic clinical communicative approaches are capable of producing satisfactory consultative encounters in Nigerian hospital visits.

Who is sensitising whom? A participatory interview guide development as an awareness tool within a health care research project

Who is sensitising whom? A participatory interview guide development as an awareness tool within a health care research project

PERSONALITAS ANGELA MERKEL DALAM UPAYA JERMAN MENGAKHIRI KRISIS LIBYA

Germany was one of the countries that actively pursued peace for Libya. The achievement of peace in Libya by Germany was carried out to overcome the surge in the number of refugees from the Middle East to Europe via the Mediterranean crossing. Angela Merkel's persistence in achieving peace in Libya was demonstrated by the holding of a series of peace processes known as the Berlin Process. This foreign policy cannot be separated from the influence of Angela Merkel as one of the policy-making units of the German government. Angela Merkel's role in ending the Libyan crisis is one of the next steps to rebuilding Libya. Commitments from external stakeholders influencing the conflict in Libya were successfully achieved at the Berlin Conference for Libya, a ceasefire agreement was reached, the Government of National Unity was confirmed, and the second Berlin Conference for Libya was held. Responding to this phenomenon, this study questions the role of Merkel's personality in Libya's peace efforts. In order to answer this question, the author uses a foreign policy analysis framework that identifies the relationship between the personality of the leader and the foreign policy taken. This study finds that Libya's peace efforts are a manifestation of Angela Merkel's dominant personality, namely the conciliator type and the participatory orientation.

Paralegals in Building Public Legal Awareness: An Efforts to Empower Community Law in the Work Area of the 'Aisyiyah Branch Manager

Paralegals have an important role in providing legal assistance to people who do not have high legal awareness. This research focuses on the efforts of paralegals in building legal awareness and empowering community law in the Work Area of the 'Aisyiyah Branch Manager, Sambikerep District, Surabaya. This research is empirical legal research, namely the application of legal norms in legal practice in society with participatory efforts through the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The results of research on the role of paralegals in society. The results of the study confirm that the role of paralegals in building community legal awareness in the working area of the head of the 'Aisyiyah branch, Sambikerep District, Surabaya is carried out by paralegal training with the main focus, namely basic knowledge of law and human rights, so as to be able to make solutions and/or strategies in resolving cases cases dealing with the law as well as skills in conducting advocacy related to the application of legal norms. Furthermore, the role of paralegals and efforts to empower community law in the work area of the leadership of the 'Aisyiyah branch, Sambikerep District, Surabaya Participatory orientation to make PCA Sambikerep Members that is oriented as ghost lawyers whose hope is that Sambikerep PCA Members can consciously, actively, and critically fight for their legal rights at the same time can fight for their legal rights through various efforts and available space..

Paralegals in Building Public Legal Awareness: An Efforts to Empower Community Law in the Work Area of the 'Aisyiyah Branch Manager

Paralegals have an important role in providing legal assistance to people who do not have high legal awareness. This research focuses on the efforts of paralegals in building legal awareness and empowering community law in the Work Area of the 'Aisyiyah Branch Manager, Sambikerep District, Surabaya. This research is empirical legal research, namely the application of legal norms in legal practice in society with participatory efforts through the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The results of research on the role of paralegals in society. The results of the study confirm that the role of paralegals in building community legal awareness in the working area of the head of the 'Aisyiyah branch, Sambikerep District, Surabaya is carried out by paralegal training with the main focus, namely basic knowledge of law and human rights, so as to be able to make solutions and/or strategies in resolving cases cases dealing with the law as well as skills in conducting advocacy related to the application of legal norms. Furthermore, the role of paralegals and efforts to empower community law in the work area of the leadership of the 'Aisyiyah branch, Sambikerep District, Surabaya Participatory orientation to make PCA Sambikerep Members that is oriented as ghost lawyers whose hope is that Sambikerep PCA Members can consciously, actively, and critically fight for their legal rights at the same time can fight for their legal rights through various efforts and available space..

#MakeYourYouthRing: Participatory Qualitative Research with Young People at Risk of Exclusion

This research forms part of a larger Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&I) project and its objective is the carrying out a number of participatory research projects aimed at fostering the social presence of socially vulnerable groups (without a voice). In this paper, we will analyse the project carried out by a group of six young people who are complying with judicial measures in an open environment, three researchers, and three social educators. These agents make up the team of co-researchers. This is a research based on the qualitative tradition and with a participatory orientation. The objective of the inquiry process undertaken by the group is to give visibility to the world of young people and to be recognised in the public sphere. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the most important achievements of the research process that make it participatory and to critically examine a number of difficulties or obstacles to participation that have arisen during the process and the learning processes that have taken place in order to overcome them.

A Food Box Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Native American Adults With Hypertension: The CHEERS Study

People join a customer-driven organization with motivations that may not be static over time, an important issue for long-term organizational viability. In this study, we examined motivations among members of ShareCare, the first Village for older adults in the U.S. Using qualitative data from a random sample of 91 members, we compared motivations for becoming a member and for continuing membership. Motivations to join and continue membership are not necessarily the same. Motivations were categorized as: instrumental, social, and altruistic motivation. We categorized length of membership as short-term: 8-years or less (51.63%) and long-term: 9-years and more (49.37%). While 36% of members joined only for instrumental motivation, 59% continued membership only for instrumental motivation. While about 52% joined with multiple motivations, only 35% of members mentioned multiple motivations when continuing their membership. Finally, 18% of short-term members mentioned altruistic motivation when continuing their membership, while 28% of long-term members mentioned altruistic motivation when continuing their membership. While people’s motivation might change over time, altruistic motivation may be the greatest motivating factor for long-term memberships. Long-term members may identify themselves as supporters rather than users of the organization and cultivate stronger connections with other members over time. Our findings inform how to recruit and retain members in Villages, and customer-driven organizations for older adults more broadly.

Why don't high-performance work systems always achieve superior service in hospitality? The key is servant leadership

This study investigates the influence of high-performance work systems (HPWSs) on expression of servant leadership style in hotel settings. More specifically, it examines how this can generate positive outcomes in work engagement and extra-role behavior in a sample of Spanish hospitality workers. The study's main purpose is to identify key organizational factors that induce positive employee outcomes in hospitality. Structural equation modelling with Amos was conducted to validate a sequential mediation model with two mediators. The results demonstrate that HPWSs create a propitious environment for managers' servant leadership and its positive effects on work engagement. The findings highlight the important role work engagement plays in encouraging employees' extra-role behavior. HR architecture and the manager's participatory orientation do not suffice to motivate employees to go the extra mile; it seems essential first to influence the psychological experience of work by nurturing work engagement. Theoretical contributions and implications for hospitality are highlighted.

The Epistemics of Policymaking: from Technocracy to Critical Pragmatism in the UN Sustainable Development Goals

This essay examines epistemological tensions inherent in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) project. The clash between the totalizing logic of the SDGs and growing populist antipathy for expert governance can be better understood and potentially mediated through a critical pragmatist view. For the SDGs, technocratic fundamentalism not only serves the ambition for universality but also ensures epistemic stability in problem framing and protects the interests that benefit from it. However, technocratic fundamentalism also undermines the mechanics of SDG localization, working against their stated aims of justice, transparency, and institutional equity; in this way, a global development agenda shaped by myopic epistemics does itself no favors on elements by which it proposes to be measured. Compounding these epistemic tensions, anti-expert and anti-intellectual populism is confronting the credibility of technocracy and governance more generally, with possible implications for national and local policymaking informed by the SDGs. The concept of critical pragmatism, as articulated by Forester, presents both a provocation to the SDG project and a vision for imparting a more participatory orientation to it. This essay elaborates on these points.

Exploring the Nexus Between Microfinance Activities and Economic Wellbeing at the Grassroots: Evidence From an Emerging Market Economy

This paper investigates the effect of microfinance activities on the economic wellbeing of individuals at the grassroots. It specifically investigated the effect of microfinance interest rates, microfinance products/services and microfinance social support on grassroots economic wellbeing. Furthermore, it examines how microfinance activities, such as social support and lending, interact to impact the economic wellbeing of beneficiaries at the grassroots. The study used a sequential exploratory mixed methods research design. First qualitative data was collected from ten purposively sampled participants to probe and confirm some constructs in the survey instrument. Quantitative data was then collected from 350 randomly sampled customers of the top five microfinance institutions in Ghana using structured survey instrument. Data was analysed using descriptive and multivariate analysis. The study results showed that microfinance cost (β = 0.312, t = 5.457, p < 0.001), interest rates (β = − 0.191, t = − 3.204, p < 0.01), products/services (β = 0.328, t = 7.136, p < 0.001) and social support (β = 0.312, t = 6.631, p < 0.001) all had a significant impact on grassroots economic wellbeing. It also highlighted the complexity of the interactions among microfinance activities, government policies and poverty alleviation interventions. These findings have structural implications for the operation of microfinance institutions in developing countries such as Ghana. To promote longevity and effectively exploit the inherent benefits of microfinance activities for grassroots beneficiaries, the current top-bottom approach used in the introduction of poverty alleviation-related interventions must be revised to a more sustainable participatory approach where the input of grassroots participants should be sought. The latter approach will help address the policy lapses common to the many failed government interventions on microfinance activities. The paper advocates the need to introduce government interventions that encourage a saving culture among individuals at the grassroots. It offers an unorthodox approach (bottom-up stakeholder participatory orientation in the formulation of policies) to addressing the many policy lapses undermining inclusiveness for informal sector participants with regard to accessing finance. Finally, it provides a blueprint towards the empowerment of minority groups at the grassroots to alleviate poverty.

Health coaching for promoting physical activity in low back pain patients: a secondary analysis on the usage and acceptance

BackgroundMulticomponent interventions combined with health coaching are widely recommended to improve a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to analyse the usage and acceptance of a multicomponent intervention (telephone, web and face-to-face coaching) for low back pain patients, and thereby gain an understanding of why this intervention was not as effective as expected.MethodsA secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, aimed at promoting physical activity, was conducted. It was a cross-sectional study based on data of a multicomponent intervention group (baseline = 201 participants). For evaluating the usage and acceptance, descriptive statistics were applied.ResultsOver half (n = 118) of the patients participated at least once in the telephone coaching. Approximately half of the participants (44 of 90) rated the telephone coaching as “good”.34 of 92 (37%) participants reported of visiting the web-platform. The web-platform was comprehensible for nearly one-quarter (n = 8 of 33) and very useful for one participant.The face-to-face-contact was rated highly (range: 79.4–88.2 out of 100).ConclusionUsage of the telephone coaching approach was moderate with even fewer participants visiting the web-platform. In addition, these approaches were not rated as very useful. The acceptance of the face-to-face contact was high.Since the usage and acceptance could influence the effectiveness, utilisation and acceptance studies might help to explain the reason for non-effective lifestyle interventions. Therefore, more studies analysing the usage and acceptance are needed. To improve the usage and acceptance, a stronger participatory orientation in the design of interventions and the integration of face-to-face contact could be helpful.

BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE AGE-RELATED SERVICE ACCESS IN UTAH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Utah is projected to be in the top 10 states for growth in the aging population, but it is among the most rural. Local and regional contexts guide policy and practice, and these perspectives will inform solutions as more older adults require services in rural and other under-served areas in the coming decades. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Process-Person-Context-Time model, this study used a qualitative participatory research orientation involving stakeholders in Utah’s aging service system in order to identify local barriers and solutions to accessing rural aging services. The stakeholders included service providers, caregivers, older adults, state-administrators, and other community members. There were 3 male and 7 female participants ranging in age from 40 to 80. Thematic analysis revealed that communities faced barriers common to rural areas (local service insufficiencies, distance and time concerns, systemic issues such as healthcare and ageism, finances - both personal and programmatic were deemed a recurrent barrier, in addition to transportation issues. However, participants reported assets in rural areas, such as a strong sense of belonging in the community and creative problem solving. Solutions for improving access to age-related services included strategies for making information more available, publicized, and centralized and increasing access to telehealth or internet-delivered services and health information. These barriers and solutions were nested across the levels of context in Bronfenbrenner’s model, with both person, time, and in interactions (processes) having influence, but localized analysis of the barriers is necessary to ensure that the solutions are appropriate in a specific context.

Participatory Orientation in GSL Research to Hear the Community: Who and How Matters

Participatory Orientation in GSL Research to Hear the Community: Who and How Matters

Cultural Foundations of Contentious Democracy in South Korea

This study takes a cultural approach to examine the unstable and contentious nature of Korean democracy. Analyzing an original nationwide survey conducted in 2015, we find that the democratic and participatory culture of the Korean people underlies Korean democracy. This finding suggests substantial tension between the participatory orientation of the public and Korean representative democracy.

Reflections on the development and utility of a participatory community violence surveillance methodology

The goal of this study was to illustrate the development and utility of a community violence surveillance methodology, as a component of a larger participatory violence prevention project in a low-income South African community. Using focus group discussions, data were collected from 12 community and academic researchpartners. These discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and then thematically analysed. The findings revealed that the participatory orientation to the research enabled researchers to develop an instrument that was appropriate for the community, collaboratively. The collaborative creation of the violence surveillance questionnaire and the use of community members to implement the system after intensive capacity building instilled a sense of ownership and promoted sustainability in this project. In addition, data generated by the surveillance system provided baseline and prevalence data which could be used to advocate for violence prevention and develop relevant interventions. This process also resulted in the provision of victim support through debriefing and referrals. Future research could focus on developing and implementing similar surveillance systems in communities and monitoring the effects thereof over time.Keywords: participatory, community, violence surveillance methodology

Democratic Talk in Church: Religion and Political Socialization in the Context of Urban Inequality

Summary In new and developing democracies, levels of education are often low and many citizens lack experience with democratic processes. How do citizens in such political systems learn about elections and develop participatory orientations? Civil society organizations can promote political socialization, yet often fail to reach those lowest in resources. This article proposes that churches constitute an often overlooked instance of civil society, one that is highly inclusive and provides frequent opportunities for interaction. Such socialization can be especially important in low-income and low-education neighborhoods, where access to media and political information through everyday social networks is more limited. A case study of a municipal election campaign in a single Brazilian city reveals that exposure to political information in church is common, especially in evangelical churches and in low-education neighborhoods. Even more frequent than partisan discussion is promotion of non-partisan civic norms encouraging citizens to cast informed votes based on non-clientelistic criteria. Those exposed to civic and partisan messages know significantly more about the local campaign and are more likely to turn out. Messages encouraging a “conscientious vote” boost knowledge most strongly in low-education neighborhoods, helping to equalize political information across the urban environment. This suggests that development professionals take churches seriously as sites of civic education.

Participation in Environmental Decision-making: Reflecting on Planning and Community Benefits for Major Wind Farms

The notion of public participation in environmental decision-making remains ambiguous and unsettled. This article critically reflects on the conceptual nature of participation, focusing on wind energy developments. It points to an overlooked, but conceptually significant, distinction between models of engagement directed to ‘participation’ and those aimed at ‘public acceptance’. By simply offering a shadow of participation, models of public acceptance are problematic and make the normative and substantive justification of the decision inevitably more fragile. Analysing two major wind projects in England and Wales and their underlying legal and policy framework, the article explores the role of mitigation measures and the under-researched potential for developer-led community benefits to provide participatory space. In the light of logic of acceptance, it suggests that the participatory orientation of mitigation measures within planning law should be acknowledged and strengthened, while the potential for community benefits to constitute alternative fora for community participation should be explored.

Development and Initial Psychometric Properties of the Participatory Ethics Scale

This article describes the development and initial validation of the Participatory Ethics Scale (PES). The PES assesses counselor’s self-reported ethical orientation in relation to consumer participation in the solution of ethical dilemmas. Study 1 includes the results of a Delphi study conducted to develop and assess content validity of PES items. This first study resulted in the creation of 90 potential items to evaluate a participatory ethics orientation. Study 2 reports on the results of a pilot study conducted to assess the usefulness of the PES items measuring an ethical orientation guided by consumer participation. Results indicate that data from this pilot study provide enough evidence of the usefulness of these items in measuring aspects related to ethical knowledge, working alliance, consumer involvement, and consumer empowerment. Discussion, limitations, and implications for future research are presented.

Applied Participatory Ethics: Bridging the Social Justice Chasm Between Counselor and Client

The authors introduce an applied participatory ethics paradigm consistent with the contemporary focus on social justice in the practice of counseling, emphasizing participation of all rightful parties, including the client, in ethical decision‐making processes. The paradigm is an adaptation and expansion of the work of Prilleltensky, Rossiter, and Walsh‐Bowers () and rests on their conceptualization of restrictive and participatory orientations. The origins of the model's added elements in 4 areas of rehabilitation and counseling literature (i.e., ethical knowledge and practices, the therapeutic alliance or relationship, client involvement, and client empowerment) are described. Finally, interrelationships between the different phases and elements of the model are discussed.