Participation In Decision Research Articles

Employee Dedication and Performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Nairobi, Kenya

Employees well-being and satisfaction need to be the precedence of any successful organization that is aimed at achieving its objectives and customer satisfaction. Thus, the paper sought to scrutinize the connections among staff dedication and performance of deposit-taking Sacco’s in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional census survey of forty-six (46) deposit -taking Sacco’s in Nairobi. Research data was gathered through a questionnaire in a descriptive design. The study utilized purposive sampling technique for the sample population. Reliability and validity of the variables was tested in a pilot study of three (3) deposit-taking Saccos in western part of Kenya. The data analysis was done by means of descriptive and inferential statistics as reinforced by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research hypothesis was tested by means of regression analysis. The findings (R2 - 0.394; p-value=0.000) indicate that employee dedication has a significant impact on the performance of DT-Saccos in Nairobi, Kenya. The research has shown that staff dedication could pose a positive consequence on organizational performance. The study recommends that the senior managers of DT - Saccos should focus more on promoting labour dedication through effective communication, information sharing, employee participation in decision-making, transparent and accountable management and recognition of sterling personal achievement as they have been identified to affect organizational performance.

Examining the Utilisation of Pascal’s Triangle for Community Development and Allocation of Resources in Eastern Uganda

Challenges ranging from resource scarcity to social deprivation and environmental concerns confront the East Region of Uganda. Let’s focus on Pascal’s Triangle as a conceptual model to deal with the problems of unjust resource distribution among communities. This model, which is a triangular arrangement of numbers, affords an opportunity to gain useful insights into community interactions and the process of resource distribution. Understanding Pascal’s triangle’s mathematical nature is a key driving force behind realistic and feasible resource allocation methods and community development approaches. Equal resource distribution methods, clear resource allocation mechanisms, community involvement, and multi-level cooperation are essential for promoting fairness and resilience. East Ugandan communities celebrate diversity as a resource for social cohesion, creativity, and resilience. Collaboration and unity are keys to getting over the difficulties and achieving great heights. It creates resilience and sustainability through community-based organisations, cooperative ventures, and participatory decision-making processes. When involved in solving complex problems, education serves as a key tool for empowering individuals and communities. Participatory decision-making creates a degree of transparency and representativeness in resource allocation. Merging community building and resource deployment with SDGs ensures sustainability and durability. Policies and programmes that address gender issues and encourage community participation are the keys to improving inclusivity. This review article examines Community Building and Resource Allocation: Learning from the Pascal Triangle in Eastern Uganda: Insights. We used data from the last decade (2014–2024) available from many reliable data sources. The findings advocate for community participation in decision-making, the implementation of policies that promote gender equality and social inclusion, collaboration among stakeholders, and the prioritization of education and capacity building, in addition to the integration of Sustainable Development Goals into community development plans and the strengthening of local governance institutions for equitable resource distribution. To solve complicated issues in the east of Uganda, it’s imperative to put more emphasis on equal resource allocation, community mobilisation, and social integration. Apply the insights from Pascal’s Triangle to foster communities that are adaptable, inclusive, and stable. Keywords: Community Building, Resource Allocation, Pascal’s Triangle, East Uganda, Resilience, Sustainable Development Goals

Experiences and needs of older patients with stroke in China involved in rehabilitation decision-making: a qualitative study

BackgroundShared decision-making is recommended for stroke rehabilitation. However, the complexity of the rehabilitation modalities exposes patients to decision-making conflicts, exacerbates their disabilities, and diminishes their quality of life. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of older patients with stroke in China during rehabilitation decision-making, providing a reference for developing decision-support strategies.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological design was used to explore the experiences and needs of older patients with stroke in China. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 31 older Chinese patients with stroke. The participants participated in face-to-face, semi-structured, and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe key themes identified include (1) mixed feelings in shared decision-making, (2) multiple barriers hinder the possibility of participating in shared decision-making, (3) Delegating rehabilitation decisions to surrogates, (4) gaps between reality and expectation, and (5) decision fatigue from lack of continuity in the rehabilitation health care system.ConclusionsOlder patients with stroke in China have complex rehabilitation decision-making experiences and needs and face multiple obstacles when participating in shared decision-making. They lack an effective shared decision-making support system to assist them. Providing patients with comprehensive support (such as emotional and informational), strengthening the construction of a continuous rehabilitation system, alleviating economic pressure, and promoting patient participation in rehabilitation decision-making are necessary.

Young people’s lived sexual and reproductive health citizenship: participation and power of youth in Malawi

ABSTRACT This qualitative, focused critical ethnographic study explores how young people’s ‘lived SRH citizenship’ and their active roles realising their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights, shape their agency and participation in decision-making in Malawi. Informed by postcolonial feminist and difference-centred citizenship theories, our findings reveal that age-based power differentials, systems of gerontocracy and a culture of adultism impede bona fide youth involvement in SRH policymaking, making young citizens’ participation more of an illusion than reality. Although democratisation and decentralisation aim to promote youth engagement, SRH policy spaces/processes lack institutionalised processes for integrating youth and remain dominated by donors and government. Collective efforts to build young citizens’ capacity and to support their engagement are essential for realising their active and meaningful participation in SRH decision-making. Recognising youth as equal members of society is vital to expose systemic gerontocracy/adultism, and democratise power to youth in Malawi, and beyond.

A New Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Optimal Electricity Arbitrage of a Second-Life Battery Station in Day-Ahead Markets

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely regarded as a crucial tool for carbon reduction due to the gradual increase in their numbers. However, these vehicles are equipped with batteries that have a limited lifespan. It is commonly stated that when the battery capacity falls below 70%, it needs to be replaced, and these discarded batteries are typically sent for recycling. Nevertheless, there is an opportunity to repurpose these worn-out batteries for a second life in electric power systems. This study focuses on the arbitrage situation of a second-life battery (SLB) facility in day-ahead electricity markets. This approach not only contributes to balancing supply and demand in the electric power system but also allows the battery facility to achieve significant gains. We propose an artificial intelligence system that integrates optimized deep learning algorithms for market price predictions with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for market participation and arbitrage decisions. Our system predicts prices for the next 24 h using Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series (N-HiTS) and decides when to enter the market using the MILP model and incorporating the predicted data and the statuses of the batteries. We compare the accuracy of our trained deep learning model with other deep learning models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Interpretable Time-Series Forecasting (N-BEATS). We test the efficiency of the proposed system using real-world Turkish day-ahead market data. According to the results obtained, this study concludes that substantial gains can be achieved with the predicted prices and the optimal operating model. A facility with a total battery energy capacity of 5.133 MWh can generate a profit of USD 539 in one day, showcasing the potential of our study. Our new system’s approach provides proof of concept of new research opportunities for the participation of SLB facilities in day-ahead markets.

Learning goal orientation, empowering leadership and participative decisionmaking as predictors of expatriates’ postpandemic job performance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between learning goal orientation, empowering leadership, participative decision-making and organizational citizen behavior and its effect on post-pandemic job performance within the expatriate UAE community. Design/methodology/approach The study proposes a theoretical model based on responses from survey data collected from 314 expatriates working in private sector organizations in Dubai, UAE. Findings The findings indicate that both learning goal orientation and participative decision-making have a significantly positive direct relationship with organizational citizenship. Furthermore, organizational citizenship is demonstrated to have a significant positive impact on job performance. However, the study reveals that there is no significant relationship between empowering leadership and organizational citizenship. Originality/value This study adds to extant expatriate management theory relating to international business by examining the effects that organizational citizenship behavior, learning goal orientation, empowering leadership and participative decision-making have on expatriates’ job performance.

Criteria for Re-Irradiation.

The treatment options for patients with progressive malignant tumors despite primary radiotherapy are often limited. In selected cases, re-irradiation can be offered. This article concerns the selection criteria and results of re-irradiation for certain types of cancer. This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, with particular attention to glioblastoma, head and neck tumors, and prostatic carcinoma. The published studies of re-irradiation are few in number and often of limited methodological quality. For glioblastoma, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that adding re-irradiation to treatment with bevacizumab yielded no significant improvement in either median progression-free survival or median overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; p = 0.05 and HR 0.98; p = 0.46, respectively). Re-irradiation is a treatment option for locoregional recurrences of head and neck tumors after primary radiotherapy, but it carries a risk of serious side effects. For unresectable recurrences of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an RCT has shown that hyperfractionated re-irradiation is more effective than normofractionated re-irradiation (overall survival: HR 0.54, p = 0.014). For locally recurrent prostatic carcinoma after radiotherapy, re-irradiation can yield good oncologic outcomes with an acceptable level of urogenital and gastrointestinal side effects (5-year recurrence-free survival: stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), 58%; high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, 77%; versus salvage prostatectomy, 72%). RCTs on this topic are lacking. Re-irradiation is a treatment option for selected cancer patients. As the available scientific evidence is limited, multidisciplinary collaboration and participatory decision-making are particularly important.

Follow the gaze: How social attention shapes gendered trading choices

We explore how visual attention differentially impacts the trading behavior of men and women. In the laboratory, eye-tracking technology measures information gaze during a sequential trading game in which participants are asked to buy or sell an asset. Before making a decision, traders receive information on the trading decisions of other participants (others' decisions) and the redemption value of the asset (private information). Research documents that women, compared to men, pay more attention to social cues. In this study, women are more attention-driven when making financial decisions, as compared to men. We conclude that attentional priority is a cognitive mechanism that can account for the increased tendency of women, compared to men, to follow the social cues of others with disparate information and tournament incentives.

Displaced by nature, driven by choice: Exploring the factors influencing environmental migrants' habitat preferences in coastal Bangladesh

This study examines the factors influencing environmental migrants’ habitat preferences in southwestern Bangladesh. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, we selected 408 households in rural and urban areas, who had moved to their current locations due to climatic extremes. We applied relevant regression models to analyze the complex interplay of socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional factors shaping migration decisions. Our empirical results suggest that, despite having greater access to services in cities, migrants reported lower levels of well-being than their rural counterparts, which could be attributed to reduced social cohesion and limited opportunities for participation in decision-making. Disaster preparedness, early warning access, and prolonged exposure to environmental hazards significantly influence migration decisions and well-being. Protracted post-disaster suffering increases the likelihood of migration to urban slums, emphasizing the vulnerability of rural populations. Men are more likely than women to migrate to urban areas, possibly due to perceived employment opportunities. Surprisingly, while slum dwellers have better service access, their well-being scores are lower than rural residents. Access to education, healthcare, safe drinking water, and early warning systems are all crucial determinants of well-being. Policy recommendations include improving disaster preparedness and early warning systems in rural areas, developing targeted interventions for urban slum migrants focused on social cohesion and income diversification, and implementing gender-specific support programs. This research contributes to understanding environmental migration dynamics in Bangladesh and informs policymakers about sustainable resettlement strategies. Future studies should explore non-linear relationships and expand to diverse geographical contexts.

Assessing the incorporation of Ubuntu principles and values in the interventions for the prevention of teenage pregnancy: A scoping review

Despite many interventions already implemented, teenage pregnancy remains a public health problem globally. This scoping review assessed if incorporating Ubuntu principles and values in the interventions for preventing teenage pregnancy yielded favourable outcomes. The study followed methodological framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley, which Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien had modified. Relevant articles were searched and screened, and data was extracted and summarised. Studies searched using Google Scholar, EBSCOhost databases, APA Psyche, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Africa-wide information. The search yielded ten published papers appraised and published between 2019 and 2022. Four themes emerged from the scoping review: collectivism and solidarity, participatory decision-making, information sharing and mutual respect. The findings from this study strengthen the idea that Ubuntu principles and values should be incorporated when developing and implementing interventions for preventing teenage pregnancy. These could help improve the cooperation of teenagers and other stakeholders, promoting teamwork for effective and successful interventions.

Transformational Leadership and Team Synergy in Improving Communication and Collaboration in Educational Settings

This study explores the impact of transformational leadership on team synergy, communication, and collaboration in educational environments. The purpose of the research is to examine how transformational leadership enhances team dynamics by fostering trust, communication, and participatory decision-making among teachers and staff. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with school leaders, teachers, and administrative staff, complemented by participatory observation and document analysis. The results reveal that transformational leadership significantly improves collaboration by encouraging open communication and empowering team members to take initiative. Teachers reported feeling more motivated to innovate in their teaching methods and engage in interdisciplinary collaboration. However, challenges such as staff resistance and limited resources hindered the full adoption of collaborative practices in some schools. The study also highlights varying levels of team participation, which indicates that the effectiveness of transformational leadership depends on the leader's ability to engage all team members. The major conclusion of the study is that transformational leadership positively influences team synergy through enhanced trust and collaborative problem-solving. The findings provide important practical insights for educational leaders, suggesting that transformational leadership fosters a more inclusive and innovative school environment. This research contributes to the field by emphasizing the need for flexible leadership approaches that adapt to team dynamics and the critical importance of institutional support and resources to fully realize the benefits of transformational leadership in educational settings.

What factors influence women's empowerment in Ethiopia? A multilevel analysis of Ethiopia's demographic and health survey data

BackgroundWomen's empowerment has been a global priority, as countries can achieve significant growth and economic development by empowering women. Understanding the individual and community-level factors that influence women's empowerment is crucial for policymakers to develop effective policies and to improve women's empowerment.MethodA community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 11 administrative regions of Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 7,108 married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from the 2,016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the individual and community-level factors associated with women's empowerment. In the final model, significant variables were identified using a p-value of <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe overall magnitude of women's empowerment was 23.7% (95% CI: 22.7–24.7). Only 30.9% of women reported participating in household decision-making, and 32.5% disagreed with all the reasons justifying wife-beating. At individual-level, factors positively associated with women's empowerment included secondary (AOR: 2.72 (1.77–4.23), and higher (AOR: 3.65 (1.81–7.34) education. However, belonging to the Muslim religion was negatively associated with women's empowerment (AOR: 0.63 (0.47–0.85). At the community level, wealthy communities were positively associated with women's empowerment (AOR: 1.60 (1.05–2.44). Conversely, residing in rural areas (AOR: 0.49 (0.29–0.83), and living in the Afar (AOR: 0.35 (0.17–0.70), Amhara (AOR: 0.45 (0.26–0.79), Oromia (AOR: 0.43 (0.26–0.73), South Nation Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) (AOR: 0.42 (0.24–0.75), and Gambella (AOR: 0.36 (0.20–0.66) regional states were negatively associated with women's empowerment.ConclusionThe overall magnitude of women's empowerment in this study was low. Factors that positively influenced empowerment included attending secondary and higher education, as well as residing in communities with higher wealth status. On the other hand, being Muslim, residing in rural areas, and living in the Afar, Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Gambella, and Tigray regions were negatively associated with women's empowerment. As a result, the government of Ethiopia needs to design community-based women's empowerment strategies and involve women in income-generation activities that improve their participation in household decision-making to empower them.

Participative Leadership VS Servant Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: Role of Psychological Empowerment as Mediator

The role of psychological empowerment has not been thoroughly elucidated in previous researchers. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of participative and servant leadership on IWB and the role of psychological empowerment as a mediator. This study used a quantitative method with an SEM-PLS design on 155 respondents from the batik handicraft industry in Central Java, Indonesia. This finding supports the idea that participative and servant leadership, as well as psychological empowerment, are important for promoting innovation. However, psychological empowerment only strengthens the influence of servant leadership because direct participation in decision-making is already able to trigger employee initiative without the need for increased empowerment first. Servant leaders act as good mentors when organizational members experience difficulties at work, get the freedom to complete difficult tasks, are valued, trusted, and have high trust in leaders related to the principles of work ethics for the progress of the company.

Trust the People? Populism, Trust, and Support for Direct Democracy

Populism is commonly understood as a response to frustrations with the functioning of modern democracy, while the use of direct democratic mechanisms has been hailed as a remedy for the ailing of representative democracies. Indeed, populism’s emphasis on direct citizen participation in decision-making is tightly linked to its distrust of representative institutions and the political elite as the cornerstone of mediated representation. Trust, however, matters for any functioning democratic institutional arrangement, and we contend that its role warrants more attention when considering the viability of alternative modes of decision-making such as referendums, particularly in the nexus of populism–democracy. Using original public opinion surveys implemented in Argentina, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, we distinguish among different objects of trust—elites, institutions, “the people,” or the society at large. We also explore citizens’ levels of trust in these objects and their association with institutional designs of direct democracy. Our results offer preliminary insights into the importance of horizontal and vertical trust relationships in shaping procedural preferences for different configurations of direct democracy.

Gender Alternation and Horizontal Parity in the Democracy of Political Organizations: A Systematic Review Under the SDG Approach

Objective: The main objective of the research work was to analyze the status of gender alternation and horizontal parity in the democracy of political organizations under the approach of Sustainable Development Goal 5. Theoretical Framework: The study raises the need to carry out more detailed research to better understand compliance with the norms that support gender alternation and horizontal parity in political organizations, with the aim of promoting more equitable and democratic participation in decision-making. Method: The approach of the study was qualitative with a systematic review design, population and sample made up of 20 scientific articles indexed in databases such as SCOPUS, SCIELO, DOAJ and others, with the entry of the phrases "Participation" and "process" and "woman", and "Gender alternation", "Horizontal parity" being relevant. Results and Discussion: After the review and analysis, it was identified that the situation of alternation of gender and horizontal parity has a low index, ranging between 7.4% and 50.64%. In contrast, male participation varies between 48.32% and 94%. In addition, the factors that predominate in the alternation of gender and horizontal parity in democracy are political, social, economic and cultural. Research Implications: It is concluded, therefore, that gender alternation is not adequately complied with, and a detailed study is necessary to determine the reality of compliance with the rules that guarantee gender alternation and horizontal parity. Originality/Value: The study addresses gender alternation and horizontal parity in the democracy of political organizations from a multidimensional perspective, considering political, social, economic and cultural factors. This comprehensive approach allows for a more complete understanding of the challenges and barriers to gender equity in political participation.

Debtor (Non-)Participation in Sovereign Debt Relief: A Real Option Approach

Abstract Developing countries have recently proved reluctant to participate in sovereign debt moratoria and debt relief initiatives. This paper argues that debtors’ (non-)participation decisions can be understood through the lens of real options. Eligible countries compare the net benefits of participating in a debt relief initiative now with the value of waiting to potentially execute their participation option later, when they may have more information on benefits and costs. The analysis corroborates the real option framing with anecdotal evidence and through a survival analysis showing that debtor countries with larger expected debt service savings or higher pre-existing risks of debt distress were quicker to apply for the Debt Service Suspension Initiative, which provided temporary debt moratoria during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper discusses policies that can make participation in debt relief initiatives more attractive to debtor countries.

Mental health and capacity laws in Northern Ireland: examining the position of children and young people.

Mental health and capacity laws applicable to children and young people in Northern Ireland (NI) lack clarity and coherence, with significant gaps in service provision and safeguarding. Drawing on an examination of such laws, we argue that law reform is needed. In the short term, we suggest there is merit in publishing statutory guidance, such as a Code of Practice, to address both the issue of evolving capacity in children and to facilitate best practice in policy and practice. This modest reform in the short term should be accompanied by a firm political commitment to ensuring that NI's innovative fusion mental capacity legislation is fully brought into force in the medium term. Meanwhile, law reform should form part of a holistic approach on the part of NI's policy-makers towards improving mental healthcare provision for children and young people in line with a human rights-based approach. This would include the following: increased allocation of funding and resources to facilitate more timely access to suitable treatment and related services; enhancing participation in policy, judicial, and clinical decision-making that impacts their lives; and employing a range of executive accountability mechanisms to drive improvements in such provision over time.

The Critical Role of the 4th “P”: Addressing the Impact of “Otherness” on Human Trafficking Prevention Efforts

ABSTRACT Prevention is the key to reducing human trafficking prevalence, and awareness-raising campaigns are the most common form of trafficking intervention; however, there is little evidence that these activities translate to actions that prevent human trafficking. The “otherness” issue – the belief that human trafficking is a problem for “other” communities but not a problem within one’s own community – has been identified as a potential barrier to effective human trafficking prevention interventions. In this article, we unpack the “otherness” issue and build on Todres (2009) “otherness-aware” framework to develop a theoretical model for understanding otherness within the context of human trafficking prevention interventions. Drawing on evidence from public health, we discuss the community mobilization intervention framework, which is centered on partnership and community engagement, as a potentially useful strategy for addressing the “otherness” issue and improving the effectiveness of human trafficking prevention interventions. We conclude that meaningful partnership with communities is a key to developing contextually relevant, community-empowering approaches to prevent human trafficking. This article has implications for achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16, which aims to support inclusive communities through targets such as reducing violence, ending human trafficking and amplifying developing countries’ participation in global decision-making.

Participation in medication safety of older-adult patients with chronic disease during the transition from hospital to home: a descriptive qualitative study

BackgroundMedication safety issues occur frequently among older-adult patients with chronic diseases during the transition from the hospital to their homes. Patient participation in medication safety has been found to be an effective measure for improving patient safety. However, few studies have been conducted on the safety of older-adult patients with chronic disease during the hospital to family transition period. This study aimed to understand the experiences and perceptions of such patients regarding participation in medication safety during the hospital to family transition period and to explore the actual situation and obstacles during this period in the Chinese context.MethodsA descriptive, qualitative research approach was adopted using purposive sampling. Eighteen patients with chronic disease (aged 61–84 years) participated, all of whom were in the period of transition from hospital to home. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews and analysed using directed qualitative content analysis.ResultsFour themes and 12 sub-themes were identified in this study. The four themes were participation in medication decision-making, participation in medication self-management, participation support, and barriers to patient participation.ConclusionsPatient participation is important in ensuring medication safety during the hospital to family transition period. This study highlights that older-adult patients’ participation in medication safety includes three aspects: participation in medication decision-making, participation in medication self-management, and participation support. Health literacy, medical communication, and family care support are the key factors affecting patient participation in medication safety. Effective intervention strategies for this patient group during the transition period would target improving patients’ cognition, health literacy, doctor-prescription communication, and family care support to encourage patients to be more actively involved in the process of drug treatment.

What Makes a Liveable Neighborhood? Role of Socio-Demographic, Dwelling, and Environmental Factors and Participation in Finnish Urban and Suburban Areas.

Quality of residential area, or neighborhood, is one determinant of overall quality of life and associated with health and health behavior. Ensuring that urban and suburban neighborhoods remain liveable and comfortable to reside in is a challenge amidst growing urbanization. Neighborhood quality has been associated with socio-demographic, dwelling-related, and subjective and objective neighborhood factors. However, only a few studies have additionally included participation in neighborhood decision-making and examined whether these associations are stronger among residents who are more settled in the neighborhood. We examined whether subjectively and objectively measured environmental factors and participation are associated with perception of neighborhood liveability and possible effect moderators. We analyzed survey data collected in 2021 among adults (aged 18-97) living in suburbs and urban centers in five Finnish cities (n = 2057; response rate 34%) with logistic regression models. Almost 80% of the respondents perceived their neighborhood as liveable or very liveable. The following factors were most strongly associated with perceiving the neighborhood as liveable: low area-level socioeconomic deprivation; central urban zone; green view from home; satisfaction with neighborhood safety, green areas, blue areas, and maintenance of traffic routes; and good or very good possibilities to influence decisions regarding the neighborhood. Only a few interactions between indicators of being more settled in the neighborhood (e.g., age group and dwelling ownership) modified these associations. In all, our study suggests that to maintain liveability, urban or community planning should consider local residents' favorable perceptions of safety, recreational areas, and engagement in decision-making.