Mass Media Participation Research Articles

Adoption Behavior among Farmers of Tamil Nadu towards District Agro-meteorology Unit (DAMU) Agro Advisory Services in Agriculture and Allied Sectors

An ex post facto research was undertaken during 2022 to assess farmers' adoption of District Agro-Meteorology Unit (DAMU) Agro Advisory Services (AAS) in Cuddalore, Ramnad, and Aruppukottai districts of Tamil Nadu with sample size of 180. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. DAMU offers specialized weather information to support local agricultural activities. The study revealed that 70 per cent of farmers fall into the "Medium" adoption category adopting weather-based timing for planting, harvesting, and irrigation. The respondents fully adopt the practice of scheduling sowing time using weather-based farm advisories (77.78%), 62.22 per cent adopt the practice of scheduling harvesting operations, illustrating a substantial majority using this approach to enhance efficiency and yield during crop harvesting and 56.67 per cent fully adopt the practice of scheduling supplementary irrigation. The farmers attributes viz., education status, annual income, extension agency contact, extension participation, mass media participation, information seeking behaviour, knowledge level and perception had shown a positive and significant correlation with the dependent variable adoption of DAMU services at one per cent level of significance. The study revealed that traits like media engagement, scientific thinking and information seeking are closely tied to DAMU AAS adoption, along with extension involvement, knowledge, and perception, contributing to a notable 68.30% variance in adoption.

The Determinants of Socio Economic Status of Farmers – A Systematic Literature Review

Socio-economic status (SES) is conceptualized as the social and economic standing or class of an individual or family. Socio-economic status of farmers is an important variable in agricultural social sciences studies. While it is often estimated with various indicators, however, these indicators are inconsistent and irrelevant. An attempt was made to extract the various variables used to measure the socio-economic construct and redefined it into a precise concept. A systematic review of the studies reporting the socio-economic conditions of farmers was performed by adopting the The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) best practices method and identified 235 studies. Vote counting was used to generate the determinants of SES in the selected studies. It was observed that the precise concept of SES in agricultural studies was not found. Literature Review identified 39 variables in measuring the socio-economic conditions of farmers. These variables were observed, redefined, and relevant indicators were classified into two groups: social and economic status. These include their education, occupation, income per capita, expenditure, savings, land ownership, livestock status, indebtedness, area under crops and material possession in house and farm, housing conditions, social participation, family size, caste, marital status, dependency ratio, extension contact, and mass media participation. The above-mentioned variables under the social and economic standing of farmers could be adopted by the researchers, and policymakers based on the areas of interest in studying the SES of farmers.

Media as an Administrative Resource in the Electoral Process (following the Example of the Sverdlovsk Region)

The participation of mass media in the electoral process is considered. A well known political and legal problem is resolved: law enforcement is conducted at the level of individual cases, and the scientific generalization of violations of the law soars to the level of abstraction. Using the example of the Sverdlovsk region, the media are considered not only as a political actor in the electoral process. On the basis of the Electoral Code of the Sverdlovsk region (ECSR), the formal and legal grounds for the status of the media are shown. The method of comparative studies is used — electoral technologies of candidates for the post of Governor of the Sverdlovsk region are compared. As a result of the comparative study, the official, oppositional and neutral estranged positions of the media in relation to the candidates are shown. For the first time, the typology of electoral media is derived.

Constitutional and legal bases of mass media participation in the electoral process in the Russian Federation

Constitutional and legal bases of mass media participation in the electoral process in the Russian Federation

Zanik debaty? Odmienność systemów: media – Kościół – nauka

The main question that the article poses is whether today there is still a possibility of media debate, for example on religion or the Church; or perhaps the system of mass media is governed by the logic of what Niklas Luhmann calls the thematic career. Mass media discuss various topics, but probably do not help to search for solutions for intra- and intersystem conflicts. According to Luhmann, mass media, politics, science and religion are autopoietic systems; they develop by their own rules. They are sensitive to external conditions, but primarily refer to what they have developed within themselves. Drawing upon Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory and using the analysis of the old debate (around Galileo), still without participation of mass media, and the current debate from 2012 when Richard Dawkins met Cardinal George Pell, I ask a question about its current shape. This is presented against the backdrop of the problem of how much the so-called synodality of the Catholic Church helps a given religion influence other social systems (such as science) and generally – social life. Why is it so difficult to fulfil the conditions of debate in the context of the three systems: religion (based on the example of the Catholic religion), media (mainly the Internet) and science? Perhaps it is because we deal with extremely different social systems which are mostly concerned with their own internal development. Moreover, the situation of reflection on the phe- nomenon of religion and social systems always becomes complicated by a specific global situation, both in the Church (e.g. synodality), and outside it (e.g. pandemic, war, new social movements).

Factors Influencing Utilization of Market Led Extension Practices by the Farmers

Indian agriculture has marked a greater progress since independence in the areas of technology, infrastructure, economics, education and communication. The extension system’s objective of focusing on mere agricultural production should be extended beyond marketing, in order to promote all-round empowerment of the farmers. With a major thrust of extension agencies focused on production techniques till now, market led extension holds the key to the future. The present study was carried out to analyze the factors infl uencing utilization of market led extension practices by the farmers in grape, arecanut and maize crops. Ex-post-facto research design was used for conducting the study. The study was taken up in Uttara Kannada district for arecanut, Bagalkot and Vijayapura districts for grapes and Belagavi and Haveri districts for maize. The sample for the study was 240. Karl Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the factors infl uencing utilization of market led extension practices by the farmers. The variables namely innovative proneness, scientifi c orientation, access to e-tools and membership in farmers’ organization in grapes, mass media participation, access to e-tools and farm resource base in arecanut and education, mass media participation and economic motivation in maize had signifi cant relationship with utilization of market led extension practices. These variables are the predictors of utilization of market led extension practices.

Izbiratel'nye tekhnologii na gorodskih vyborah v Rossijskoj imperii nakanune p eresmotra Gorodovogo polozheniya 1870 g. (po materialam provincial'noj periodicheskoj pechati)

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of electoral technologies in city elections in the Russian Empire. Th e materials of the provincial periodical press show the mechanisms of working with voters, ways of forming public opinion about candidates for deputies of city dumas and city chiefs, the participation of mass media in the formation of the image of city self-government bodies.

Socio-personal Profile of APMC Women Involved in Post-harvest Activities of Dry Chilli and their Constraints – A Comparative Study

A comparative study to know the socio-personal profi le, constraints and health problems of APMC women involved in post-harvest activities of dry chilli was undertaken during 2019-2020 in Byadgi APMC of Karnataka and Guntur APMC of Andhra Pradesh with a sample of 120 women labourers. The results showed that, 63.33 per cent of Byadgi AMPC and 70.00 per cent of Guntur APMC respondents belonged to middle aged (36- 50) category. More than half (53.33 %) of Byadgi APMC and 63.33 per cent of Guntur APMC women labourers were illiterates. Most of Byadgi APMC (70.00%) and Guntur APMC (86.67%) women labourers belonged to small family size. The family income was medium for 73.33 per cent of Byadgi APMC and 60.00 per cent for Guntur APMC women labourers. More than half (53.33%) of Byadgi APMC and (26.67%) of Guntur APMC respondents belonged to backward castes. Remaining belonged to SC/ST and forward castes. They had low extension, organizational and mass media participation. Social participation was medium. The women labourers faced many constraints while performing post-harvest activities at APMC as APMC is far away to reach by 93.33 per cent of Byadgi APMC and 90.00 per cent Guntur APMC women labourers. Similarly 93.33 per cent of Byadgi APMC and 76.66 per cent of Guntur APMC respondents said less wages as a constraint. More than 70.00 per cent told high cost of transportation to reach APMC as a constraint. More than 70.00 percent of respondents said joint pain, whole body ache, hand pain and back ache followed by 65.00 percent told eye burning were the health problems faced by them while performing post-harvest activities of dry chilli in the APMCs.

TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS OF PADDY AND COTTON GROWERS WITH THEIR KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES

The present study was conducted in Karimnagar district of Telangana state. Ex post facto research design was adopted in the present investigation. Karimnagar district was purposively selected for the study. The study was conducted in 6 villages selected from 3 Mandals of Karimnagar district which included 20 farmers from each selected village thus making a sample of 120 farmers. The analysis of relationship between profile characteristics of paddy and cotton growers with their knowledge level of Plant Protection Measures indicated that variables such as education, family size, annual income, social participation, Risk orientation, economic motivation, innovation, mass media participation, extension contact and awareness exhibited positive and significant relationship paddy and cotton crops. Land holding of paddy growers and age of cotton growers having negative relationship with the knowledge level of Plant Protection Measures of paddy and cotton crop

Awareness on Soil Health Management Scheme by Farmers of Tumakuru District in Karnataka

The present study was carried out in 23 Raitha Samparka Kendras inGubbi ,Kunigal, Madhugiri and Tumakuru taluks of Tumakuru district in Karnataka state to know the extent of awareness of farmers regarding Soil Health Management Scheme (SHMS). Thirty beneficiary farmers of SHMS were randomly selected from 12 RSKs for the study. A pre-tested schedule was used to collect relevant data from the respondents. The results revealed that half of the beneficiary farmers (50.00%) had more awareness about SHMS, whereas one-third (33.33%) and 16.67 per cent of the beneficiary farmers were awareness and less awareness regarding the SHMS, respectively. A vast majority of the farmers were aware of the objectives, interventions, mode of operation, selection criteria of beneficiaries and subsidy on various agricultural inputs pertaining to SHMS.A simple majority of the farmers (53.33%) had contacted Assistant Agricultural Officer for obtaining information on SHMS, while half of the farmers (50.00% each) had contacted Agricultural Officer and Agricultural Assistant for obtaining information regarding SHMS. The results of path analysis revealed that extension agency contact of farmers had direct and indirect effect on the extent of awareness on SHMS. The first, second and third largest indirect effect channelled through is extension agency contact (X9) in the case of five variables, mass media participation (X8) in the case of five variables and education (X1) in the case of three variables, respectively.

Profile analysis and factors influencing the adoption of pulses production practices of farmers in Andhra Pradesh – baseline study under biotech Kisan hub project

Biotech-Kisan hub has been established at Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh with the major objectives of assessment of the yield gaps in major pulses and groundnut grown in scarce rainfall and north coastal zones. As part of the project, a base line survey was conducted at selected 25 villages of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Anantapur and Kurnool districts to assess the potentials of the districts by developing a database in order to exploit resources and develop action plans in co-operation with line departments. Sixty farmers from each district were randomly selected to obtain baseline information making the total sample size is 240 farmers cultivating the targeted pulse crops in the district. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. A profile analysis was done and revealed that the North coastal zone showed Low scores in Knowledge, Risk orientation and Mass media participation and medium in Innovativeness, Social participation and Extension contact, while the Scarce rainfall zone showed medium in all the variables except for Risk orientation. The findings also revealed that the Adoption index was found to be medium to low in case of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts and Medium to High in case of Ananthpur and Kurnool districts indicating that more focused interventions are required in the North coastal zone when compared to Scarce rainfall zone. The overall adoption index indicated in Table 3 showed that majority of the respondents fell in the medium category (49.00%) followed by High (35.00%) and low category (15.00%) indicating that there is scope to increase adoption of recommended practices. The chi square test of profile characteristics and adoption indicated that all the six independent variables- Knowledge, Innovativeness, Risk orientation, Mass media participation, Social participation and Extension contact are significantly influencing the adoption levels of farmers in the four districts.

Study the relationship between profile characteristics of paddy and cotton growers with their knowledge level of plant protection measures

The present study was conducted in Karimnagar district of Telangana state. The study was conducted in 6 villages selected from 3 Mandals of Karimnagar district which included 20 farmers from each selected village thus making a sample of 120 farmers. The analysis of relationship between profile characteristics of paddy and cotton growers with their knowledge level of plant protection measures indicated that variables such as education, family size, annual income, social participation, risk orientation, economic motivation, innovation, mass media participation, extension contact and awareness exhibited positive and significant relationship in paddy and cotton crops. Land holding of paddy growers and age of cotton growers having negative relationship with the knowledge level of plant protection measures of paddy and cotton crop.

Chinese ENGOs and the Heavy-Metal Pollution of the Consumer-Electronics Industry: Exploring the Constraining Factors

The heavy-metal pollution of the consumer-electronics industry has been a serious environmental problem in China. Since 2010, Chinese ENGOs have taken a few measures to address this challenge. Under the influence of other stakeholders, Chinese ENGOs have only played a limited role. To further explore the potential of domestic ENGOs, it would be necessary to understand how they have approached the heavy-metal challenge and why their contribution has been moderate. By using the method of “process tracing,” this paper presents a preliminary attempt to trace and generate localized knowledge of Chinese ENGOs’ approach and the influence of other stakeholders. Specifically, this paper divides the actions of Chinese ENGOs into the following three phases: initial participation, progressive involvement of MNCs, and collaborative tracking and online disclosure. Then, it traces the participation of Chinese mass media, domestic suppliers, local governments, and communities. It argues that the following six constraining factors have contributed to shaping the limited role of those Chinese ENGOs: (1) the complexity of the consumer-electronics supplier network; (2) Chinese ENGOs’ lack of leverage on MNCs; (3) Chinese ENGOs’ shortage of financial and human resources under a broad agenda; (4) domestic mass media’s lack of long-term interest; (5) reluctant participation of Chinese suppliers and local governments; and (6) conflicting interests within local communities. Three policy options for further exploring the potential of Chinese ENGOs are discussed, including financial and technical support, further engagement of international ENGOs, and supportive policy-making and interregional coordination by local governments.

The Loudspeaker and the Little Man: Mass Media and Democratic Participation in the Federal Theatre Project’s One-Third of a Nation

ABSTRACT In a 1938 hearing with the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), director Hallie Flanagan claimed that the U.S. Federal Theatre Project (FTP) (1935-9), which she led, disseminated “propaganda for democracy.” In this paper, I explore the possibilities of propaganda for democracy to describe FTP rhetoric. My focus is a body of work that greatly concerned HUAC. Living Newspapers were full-length, documentary plays about hot-button issues. At the New York Living Newspaper Unit (NYLNU), where journalists and theatre-makers worked side-by-side, Living Newspapers wove original reporting into dramatic narratives. Using theatrical conventions, they reimagined democratic communication for a mass society. My case study is the NYLNU’s most popular Living Newspaper. “One-Third of a Nation” was most explicitly about the lack of affordable housing across the U.S. It was also, however, about how to participate in democratic life. More specifically, it was about how to look at, listen to, and speak up about social issues. One-Third of a Nation addressed these themes by way of two recurring characters: a resounding Loudspeaker, and a plucky Little Man who represented the “average” citizen. Their interplay modeled propaganda for democracy as a dynamic relationship between responsive mass media and self-conscious public speech.

The problem of mass media participation in "information wars" in the context of diplomatic work

The current stage in the development of international relations is characterized by an increase of the role of non-state actors, which, among other things, include the media. In diplomatic work, it must be borne in mind that the mass media, despite the lack of an independent status in world political processes, nevertheless make a serious contribution to the implementation of the foreign policy tasks of any countries and even form a political reality. Mass media create a global information space as a cross-border, interactive and rapidly updated environment. As a result, borders, barriers, bureaucratic restrictions, differences in languages, and other factors that had a certain impact on international relations are seriously losing their weight in modern world political processes.

Study the relationship between adoption level and Scio-economic profile of trained and untrained farmers of northern Karnataka, India

The present study was conducted in Northern Karnataka. Vijayapur and Bagalkot districts were selected purposively as the training has been organized by the KVKs and AEECs of both UAS Dharwad and UHS Bagalkot. The list of trained framers will be obtained from these centers. Depending upon area of activities where the farmers are trained based on that 30 trained and 30 untrained farmers were selected randomly from respective district. Thus, the sample size is 120 farmers. The data was collected by personal interview method. Research findings reported that the independent variables like education, extension participation and mass media participation shows highly significant and positive relationship with adoption level at 0.01 level of probability. Farming experience and cossmopolitness shows positive and significant relationship with adoption level in four different components of training at 0.05 level of probability. Other variables like age, land holing and annual income showed non-significant relationship with adoption level in both trained and untrained farmers.

Динаміка цифрового політичного дискурсу РФ

In the digital world, political actors have been getting plenty of possibilities for a direct communication with society, without mass media participation. In democratic countries formats and structures of official discourses has been transforming in order to use the possibility. However, changes in authoritarian discourses are not studied properly. In the paper Russian political discourse transformation is considered (four indicators are taken into account). The interrelations of official (president’s site) and non-official (internet-site «Lenta.ru») is observed between 2005-2019. The analysis is conducted with computer programs, written in Python. The calculation of the indicators (emotionality, negativism, intertextuality (direct and indirect) shows, that the discourse has low activity. There is no rapprochement between the official and non-official components. Thus, the reorientation of the official discourse towards direct communication and the discourse usage for the political struggle is indistinctive. Low level of political interrelations, which may be explained with some peculiarities of Russian political regime, leads to low indicators of emotionality and negativity for the official (0,03; 0,03) and non-official (0,2; 0,19) discourses. Additionally the direct intertextuality isn’t typical for Russian official discourse – it’s true for the whole period of observation (0,003), direct intertextuality has been less salient since 2010 (0,9). The indicators for the non-official discourse are larger (0,04 – indirect; 0,15 – direct), although, in comparison with other democratic states, these number are enough for reach forums of ideas functioning in the political sphere. Thus, as a rule, Russian political actors don’t create messages, attractive for audiences, in order to disseminate the texts in both official and non-official discourses. To sum up, texts’ formats and structure transformation is indistinctive for Russian political discourse, and in the digital reality this makes the direct interrelations between political actors (officials) and society a problematic one.

Study on Relationship between Selected Independent Variables with Knowledge of the Mobile Agro-Advisory Services Using Farmers of Udupi District of Karnataka

The present study was conducted during 2016-17 in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Mobile phones play an important role in accessing the information about improved cultivation practices. In this study, we had analysed the relationship between independent variable and knowledge level of the farmers. We had selected total 13 independent variables for the study, three variables viz., education, achievement motivation and risk orientation showed positive and significant relationship at one per cent level of probability. Whereas, six variables viz., annual income, extension contact, scientific orientation,extension participation, mass media participation and innovativeness showed positive and significant relation at five per cent level of probability with knowledge level. The remaining four variables namely, age, family type, occupation and land holding and did not showed any significant relationship with knowledge level

Impact ofGramPanchayati programmes on socioeconomic conditions of women beneficiaries

The system of democratic decentralization popularly known as Panchayat Raj is considered as an instrument to ensure democracy and socio-economic transformation. Hence, the study was under taken to know the socio-economic status of women beneficiaries relationship between their socio economic change and independent variables and the suggestions for effective implementation of the schemes. The data were collected from 360 women beneficiaries selected from four villages of Uppin-Betageri Gram Panchayat of Dharwad taluk of Dharwad district. Majority of the women beneficiaries belonged to old age group (43.62%), forward caste (55.55%), illiterate (63.88%), married (61.11%), nuclear family (63.33%), small family size (36.66%), farm labours (63.05%), marginal farmers (56.94%), low income level (82.22%), low level mass media participation (67.77%), medium level extension participation (54.64%) and cosmopoliteness (72.45%). The independent variables namely cosmopoliteness, mass media and extension participation showed significant relationship with the socio-economic change of women beneficiaries.

Гібридна війна: сутність та структура феномену

Відзначається, що агресія з боку Російської Федерації стала суттєвою несподіванкою для українського суспільства, а сучасний російсько-український конфлікт має офіційний статус АТО, але, на жаль, це єдина можливість охарактеризувати «гібридну війну» на правовому рівні.
 Аналізуючи ступінь наукової розробки дослідження проблеми, констатуємо, що загалом у політичній науці обмаль наукових розвідок щодо поняття «гібридна війна». Застосовуючи системний та історичний підходи до аналізу поняття «гібридна війна», наголошено на необхідності комплексного підходу до вивчення зазначеного явища. Указано, що для вирішення конфліктних питань або задоволення геополітичних інтересів виступати відкрито для держави-агресора стало досить невигідним в економічному та небезпечним у політичному плані, тому наприкінці XX ст. людство зіткнулося з новим способом ведення збройних конфліктів, що отримало неофіційну назву «гібридною». Цей термін пояснює нову військову стратегію, яка поєднує в собі «звичайну війну», «малу війну» та «кібервійну» і служить для поєднання дій із залученням ядерної, біологічної, хімічної зброї та засобів інформаційної війни.
 Застосовуючи сучасні підходи до вивчення феномену «гібридної війни», інтерпретуємо це явище як сукупність заздалегідь підготовлених та оперативно реалізованих державою дій військового, дипломатичного та інформаційного характеру, спрямованих на досягнення стратегічних цілей. При цьому важливе значення має відсутність необхідності в розробці нових систем зброї й військової техніки. Гібридна війна включає реалізацію комплексу гібридних загроз різного виду, а саме: традиційні, нестандартні, масштабний тероризм, а також підривні дії, у ході яких використовують інноваційні технології для протидії військовій силі супротивника, такі як масовані кібератаки, підривні дії в енергетичній, економічній сферах тощо.
 Зазначено, що відмінність між класичними війнами та гібридними полягає не лише в способі їх ведення, а й у засобах та цілях, які переслідує агресор, оскільки метою «гібридної війни» є не контроль території, а економічна та політична дестабілізація держави, тримання в страху населення в цілому, яке проживає за межами безпосереднього конфлікту. Дестабілізація країни в усіх цих аспектах удається завдяки терористичним і диверсійним актам, активній пропаганді серед місцевого населення, ведення повномасштабних бойових дій на певній території країни, а кінцевою метою є схилення легального уряду країни до вигідних для агресора дій або його зміни. Усі вищевказані етапи підготовки та реалізації військових дій неможливі без участі засобів масової комунікації, які безпосередньо є технологічним інструментом організації та проведення «гібридних війн».