Activity Participation In Youth Research Articles

A246 EXAMINING BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges to pediatric patients, affecting their physical and psychological well-being. Physical activity can be an essential component of managing IBD, yet its adoption among this population remains suboptimal. Understanding the factors that influence physical activity levels in youth with IBD, particularly barriers to engagement, is crucial. Aims (1) Describe physical activity levels in pediatric IBD, and (2) assess the relationship between physical activity and barriers to physical activity in youth with IBD. Methods We recruited patients between the ages of 7-17 years with a single confirmed diagnosis of IBD. Participants completed a barriers to physical activity questionnaire adapted from Zabinski et al. (2003). Each item was scored on a scale from 1 to 5, to yield a total barriers score and subdomain scores for body-related, convenience, resource, social, fitness, and disease-related barriers; each score presented as an average out of 5. Lower scores indicated lower barrier burden. Participants also wore accelerometers during waking hours for 7 consecutive days to quantify daily average total physical activity (TPA), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between physical activity and barriers to physical activity. Results Forty-nine youth completed the study (31% females; age: 14.77±1.98 years). Physical activity levels were low (TPA: 146.6±49.5 min/day; LPA: 104.2±33.4 min/day; MVPA: 42.4±21.2 min/day), with only 21% of participants meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines of 60 min/day of MVPA. Total and resource barriers both significantly predicted TPA (total: β=-47.76, p=0.004; resource: β=-48.30, pampersand:003C0.001), LPA (total: β=-29.01, p=0.01; resource: β=-29.68, pampersand:003C0.001), and MVPA (total: β=-18.75, p=0.01; resource: β=-18.62, pampersand:003C0.001). Fitness barriers significantly predicted TPA (β=-41.48, p=0.016) and MVPA (β=-22.01, p=0.008). Body-related, convenience, social, and disease-related barriers did not significantly predict TPA, LPA, or MVPA. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that youth with IBD are not engaging in enough physical activity. Importantly, we found those with higher total barrier, resource- and fitness-related barriers presented with 18-48 fewer minutes of daily physical activity. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions aimed at reducing specific barriers to support physical activity participation in youth with IBD. Funding Agencies None

코로나19 이후 청소년의 삶의 변화와 청소년활동 참여가 진로준비도에 미친 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of COVID-19-induced changes in daily life and activity participation for youth on their career readiness. To this end, a survey was conducted with 1,056 youths living in Busan, and the results were obtained using the hierarchical regression analysis method. For the analysis, changes in daily life and activity participation were used as independent variables. Changes in daily life consisted of changes in stress and life satisfaction, and youth’s participation in activities was comprised of participation and satisfaction. Accordingly, the relative influence of changes in their stress, life satisfaction, activity participation, and activity satisfaction since COVID-19 on their career readiness was investigated. As a result, it was found that youth activity satisfaction, activity participation, and changes in life satisfaction and stress had a positive effect on their career readiness. In particular, activity satisfaction showed the greatest influence. Career readiness can provide youth with powerful support to actively respond to various changes they are facing in the rapidly changing society since COVID-19 and to achieve their individual career goals. This study confirmed that career readiness is reinforced by youth activity participation satisfaction.

청소년의 리더십생활기술에 대한 신체활동과 자아존중감의 역할

This study investigated the role of physical activity (PA) and self-esteem in leadership life skills of youth. Based on ‘Research on participation in youth activities (2018)’ by National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI), 6,772 elementary-middle-high school-aged youth who participated in activities related to leadership life skills were selected to research participants. The survey data of PA participation level, self-esteem, and leadership life skills were utilized in this study. Those data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and bivariate correlation using IBM SPSS and mediation analysis conducted using PROCESS Macro. There was a significant difference in self-esteem and leadership life skills by the PA participation level. The PA participation level was correlated with self-esteem and leadership life skills. Also, self-esteem had a significantly positive effect on leadership life skills. The PA participation level had an indirect effect on the development of leadership life skills in mediating self-esteem. In conclusion, the current study suggests that increasing self-esteem by PA played a crucial role in improving leadership life skills in youth. This implies that PA-based youth leadership programs will contribute positively to improvement of self-esteem and leadership life skills.

How Sports Help the Teens’ Cognitive Development (Reading Performance)

With the widespread use of electronics nowadays the youths spent more and more screen time rather than outdoor play and school related extracurricular or physical activities. It is important to participate in physical activities not only because it supports physical growth as it improves blood circulation, respiratory function, but also improves mental health, emotional status, as well as increased attention span, increased concentration, executive functioning, cognitive skills, and academic performance. In this study, the importance of physical activity participation in youth was discussed in great depth and an experiment based on self health chart was reported to demonstrate the positive effect of sports on youth health development.

청소년의 주관적 행복감과 관련 변인들 간의 구조적 관계 분석: 청소년활동 만족도, 청소년활동 참여정도, 자아존중감, 공동체의식을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to seek the solutions to enhance the subjective happiness of adolescents by analyzing the structural relationships among satisfaction of youth activities, participation of youth activities, self-esteem, and sense of community that affected the subjective happiness of adolescents. To this end, a path analysis was conducted targeting 3,410 high school students among the 2018 data of the ‘Research on participation in youth activities’. The main results were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between satisfaction of youth activities, participation of youth activities, self-esteem, sense of community, and subjective happiness of adolescents. Second, self-esteem and sense of community had a direct effect on the subjective happiness of adolescents, self-esteem and sense of community were effected by satisfaction of youth activities and participation of youth activities level, the higher the self-esteem, the higher the sense of community. Therefore, it could be seem that satisfaction of youth activities and participation of youth activities level had an indirect effect on subjective happiness of adolescents. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the improvement of subjective happiness of adolescents or as reference data for related policies.

Социальные функции молодежных объединений через призму мнения активистов

According to the results of the sociological survey conducted in 2019 (N = 350 people on probability quota-target sample), the synthesis of social and individual needs of young people was revealed when social solidarity as an urgent need is combined in the work of its associations with functional emotionality, satisfaction from meaningful fullness of interesting and useful activities. The popularity of youth groups’ activities, according to the younger generation, depends more on their socio-cultural content with the inclusion of an emotionally-positive context, helping to express themselves (conferences, concerts), and on the other hand – to feel unity with other participants (processions, demonstrations, etc.). These motives act as a direct indicator of the self-determination of the individual, the demand and feasibility of their subjective civil rights, the expression of a personal understanding of their social status and capabilities. 72,0% of the activists surveyed pointed to the Internet as the main source of information about the activities of youth associations which demonstrates the trans-progressivity of young people. However, traditional habits of young people are also strong. The second most popular source of information was communication with relatives, friends, the beloved ones (53.3%), which confirms the significant role of resources of network social connections. In the course of youth’s association activities both the personal qualities of the younger generation (accuracy, attentiveness, analytical thinking), and social qualities (planning skills, self-organization, leadership, communication) develop. In other words, participation in youth activities is associated with the mechanism of implementation of young people’s needs and interests, and, at the same time, serves as a source of changes in their personal values, and forms certain stereotypes of consciousness and behavior of the younger generation.

Developing a framework for youth empowerment to prevent smoking behavior in a rural setting: study protocol for a participatory action research

PurposeThere is limited research examining community-based youth empowerment that addresses smoking prevention in the rural Indonesian context. This paper describes participatory action research (PAR) applied to develop a framework for empowering youth aged 17–25 years toward smoking prevention. This research conducted in the Indonesian rural community setting was divided into four stages: diagnosing, planning action, taking action and evaluating action.Design/methodology/approachPAR was chosen as the approach to developing a framework for youth empowerment in smoking prevention programs. In this study, the PAR cycle started with a prestep stage through interviews with village heads, community leaders, youth organization organizers, observations of target resources and observations of participation in youth activities as well as forming teamwork with target participants. The diagnosis stage consists of three activities, that is, focus group discussions with youth groups of male and female, youth assessment of empowerment domains through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) with the Empowerment Assessment Rating Scale (EARS) and measuring individual and group involvement levels related to the smoking behavior prevention program by questionnaire. The EARS assessment results were presented in the action planning stage, followed by a discussion on youth empowerment plans and strategies. In the action stage, activities and programs are planned according to the planning discussion, that is: training in healthy life skills (outbound and training) and initiating youth health programs without smoking called “Remaja Berdaya Sehat Tanpa Rokok” (Empowered Youth Healthy Without Smoking) or the JayaStar Program. After these community participation activities, the evaluating action stage will assess the empowerment domain in the youth groups, conduct focus group discussions with parents, evaluate the impact of empowerment on individual and group changes with a questionnaire and facilitate self-reflection by the youth community called Madiska.FindingsThis protocol describes a doctoral research project on developing a youth empowerment framework in smoking prevention programs through PAR. The intended study will provide valuable information on the planning, implementation and evaluation of youth empowerment in the prevention of smoking behavior.Originality/valueThis research project is expected to contribute to the literature relating to PAR for rural settings and the use of empowerment strategies to prevent youth smoking behavior. The results can be replicated in the same settings, but the process of empowerment must still be adapted to the characteristics and local wisdom of the community.

Balance confidence and physical activity participation of independently ambulatory youth with cerebral palsy: an exploration of youths’ and parents’ perspectives

Aim Youth with cerebral palsy generally participate in less physical activity than typically developing peers. In adults with physical disabilities, balance confidence is a strong predictor of participation and community re-integration. However, balance confidence has not been studied in youth with cerebral palsy. Method Qualitative descriptive methodology with interviews of eight youth with cerebral palsy (9–17 years old, three girls) in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–III, and eight parents (five mothers) of youth with cerebral palsy (9–17 years old, two girls) in Levels I–III. Results Three themes arose: (1) youth in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–II are more concerned about losing their balance during physical activities than those in Level III; (2) when balance is lost, embarrassment and frustration are more common than fear, especially for those in Levels I–II; and (3) social factors can create a favorable participation environment when balance confidence is low, especially for youth in Levels I–II. Conclusion Balance confidence may have greater influence on physical activity participation for youth in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–II than those in Level III. Youth in Levels I–II may draw greater benefit from interventions targeting balance confidence when addressing physical activity goals. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Balance confidence may have a greater influence on activity avoidance for youth with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I and II (who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s)) than for those in Level II (who use walkers or cane(s) to ambulate). Youth who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s) may benefit more from interventions directed at balance confidence (e.g., enactive mastery and verbal persuasion) to address their physical activity participation goals. For youth who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s), addressing factors that could reduce the influence of balance confidence on physical activity participation, such as providing a positive and supportive social environment in which to participate, may be beneficial.

Examining factors of physical activity participation in youth with spina bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that physical activity (PA) levels are lower for youth with Spina Bifida (SB) than their typically developing peers. However, there is a lack of understanding of the barriers to PA among this population. Objective/hypothesisUsing the Theoretical Domains Framework as a guide, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors influencing PA participation among youth with SB. MethodsNine youth (six females; aged 14–17 years) took part in one, semi-structured individual interview. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to PA. ResultsYouth identified social influences, impacts on general and mental health, positive affect, activity enjoyment and self-efficacy to be factors that facilitated their participation in PA. The most commonly reported barriers to PA were lack of knowledge, control over decision-making, inaccessible built environments, competing demands on time and pain/fatigue. ConclusionThese findings are the first step to identifying the most salient barriers and facilitators of PA for youth with SB. In turn, these factors can be further tested and targeted in future PA interventions.

A Study on the recording area of ​​participation in youth activities

A Study on the recording area of ​​participation in youth activities

Aesthetic salience and flow in young athletes: Exploring the moderating role of personality, gender, and age

ObjectiveThis study investigated the relation between flow and aesthetic salience during sport, specifically whether heightened aesthetic salience interfered with flow for adolescent athletes. This study further tested whether neuroticism strengthened the relation between aesthetic salience and flow for boys and girls and whether this relation was stronger for year 9 or year 11 high school students.MethodData were from wave two of the Youth Activity Participation Study (YAPS) of Western Australia. The sample included 1,812 students (814 boys, 988 girls). The YAPS survey was administered using laptop computers or in pen and paper format.ResultsResults indicated a significant four‐way interaction between aesthetic salience, gender, neuroticism, and year level for experiences of flow. Probing of the four‐way interaction indicated that aesthetic salience was positively predictive of flow at lower levels of neuroticism, but negatively predictive of flow at higher levels of neuroticism, for year 11 girls. For boys, there was a conditional main effect such that more experiences of aesthetic salience predicted more flow in sport.ConclusionsThese findings illustrate that experiences of aesthetic salience in sport are complex and vary according to individual attributes.

Youth Activities and Children’s Subjective Well-Being in Korea

This paper studies whether children’s participation in youth activities affects subjective well-being (SWB). We exploit a nationally representative longitudinal survey, the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey waves 2010 and 2012, to conduct our analysis. Three measures of SWB, happiness, joy, and worry, are in use in this study. The respondents were in grade 1 of middle school (age 13) in 2010 and grade 3 in 2012. The fixed effects regressions show that longer participation hours associate with higher overall happiness and more joy, but do not significantly correlate with worry. Moreover, some activities such as adventure and environment programs associate with a higher level of SWB than other programs or activities do. We also find that various environmental factors affect children’s SWB.

A Study on Factors Affecting the Opportunity Gap of Participation in Youth Activities: Focusing on Cohort Comparison

A Study on Factors Affecting the Opportunity Gap of Participation in Youth Activities: Focusing on Cohort Comparison

Is This Exercise? No, It’s Geocaching! Exploring Factors Related to Aspects of Geocaching Participation

Geocaching is a way to integrate technology with physical activity. Geocaching utilizes a global positioning receiver system (GPS) that provides coordinates directing participants to find treasures or “caches.” With the continued concern over decreased physical activity participation in youth, it was considered that geocaching may be one way to increase physical activity among youth as its novel, fun, and involves technology. From a programming perspective, geocaching may be used as a large special event, drop-in activity, or after-school program. It can be performed as an individual or group. Since it is a relatively new activity, specifically for youth, we were interested in the factors related to geocaching, including psychosocial factors associated with physical activity participation, to determine if geocaching may be of interest for youth physical activity programming. We recruited youth, aged 14–18 years, from a high school in rural western North Carolina. Since geocaching was a novel activity to this group, we created an infrastructure and made our own geocaching course and developed caches while using the www. geocaching.com website. The caches used were small plastic containers that contained a notebook for participants to record their names once found. These caches were set up using GPS coordinates; however, written instructions and clues were also provided. Finally, participants were placed into groups of three to four, and each group was provided with its own GPS receiver. A sample geocache session that had one cache site with clues was performed by each group to make sure they understand the process. In order to further understand the potential geocaching has for improving physical activity participation in youth we had all participants complete a series of questions. The surveys assessed current PA behaviors as well as psychosocial factors including social support of friends and family, self-efficacy, and PA attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, items were created to determine interest and ability for geocaching for this study, as no other geocache scales were available. Results from the Geocaching Interests/Abilities scale created by the authors indicated youth scored high on questions asking if looking for hidden treasures would be fun and more fun than walking. Youth also reported preferences for being outside and enjoyment in using technology. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between psychosocial variables and reported PA, but little to no relationship between psychosocial variables and Geocaching Interests/Abilities. Results suggest youth are interested in geocaching regardless of gender, reported PA levels, or traditional psychosocial factors such as social support and self-efficacy. The geocaching program we designed would be an easy one to replicate in any after-school setting or youth group. From a practitioner perspective, geocaching may be an effective way to engage youth in physical activity in a nontraditional manner. In order to promote geocaching at a facility developing brochures, providing signage or using social media may assist in providing sites other ways to promote physical activity to clients.

Measuring psychological engagement in youth activity involvement

Although psychological engagement (e.g., enjoyment, concentration) may be critical in fostering positive outcomes of youth activity participation, too few studies have been conducted to establish its role in development. Furthermore, an established measurement tool is lacking. In the current study, we evaluated a brief engagement measure with two Canadian samples of youth (Sample 1, N = 290, mean age = 16.9 years, 62% female; Sample 2, N = 1827, mean age = 13.1 years, 54% female). We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized structure of the model. We also assessed the measure's validity by testing relations between engagement and both perceived outcomes and positive features of activity settings. Psychological engagement was best captured by three latent cognitive, affective, and relational/spiritual factors and a second-order latent factor. Also, as anticipated, psychological engagement was associated with features of the activity setting and perceived impact.

Perspectives on Active Video Gaming as a New Frontier in Accessible Physical Activity for Youth With Physical Disabilities.

This perspective article explores the utility of active video gaming as a means of reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity among youth with physical disabilities and limitations in lower extremity function who typically are excluded from mainstream exercise options. Youth with physical disabilities are disproportionately affected by health problems that result from sedentary behavior, lack of physical activity, and low fitness levels. Physical, programmatic, and attitudinal barriers have a synergistic and compounded impact on youths' ability to participate in physical activity. A recent health and wellness task force recommendation from the American Physical Therapy Association's Section on Pediatrics supports analyzing individualized health behaviors and preferences that are designed to improve fitness, physical activity, and participation in pediatric rehabilitation. This recommendation represents an opportunity to explore nontraditional options to maximize effectiveness and sustainability of pediatric rehabilitation techniques for youth with disabilities who could best benefit from customized programming. One new frontier in promoting physical activity and addressing common physical activity barriers for youth with physical disabilities is active video games (AVGs), which have received growing attention as a promising strategy for promoting health and fitness in children with and without disabilities. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential for AVGs as an accessible option to increase physical activity participation for youth with physical disabilities and limitations in lower extremity function. A conceptual model on the use of AVGs to increase physical activity participation for youth with physical disabilities is introduced, and future research potential is discussed, including a development project for game controller adaptations within the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Interactive Exercise Technologies and Exercise Physiology for People With Disabilities (RERC RecTech) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)/Lakeshore Foundation Research Collaborative.

II. Physical activity: measurement and behavioral patterns in children and youth.

With physical activity levels among children and adolescents at an all-time low, there is a critical need for scientists and public health officials alike to further examine the physical activity behaviors of this population. Accordingly, this chapter will act as an entrée to the rest of the monograph by providing a general overview of the epidemiology of physical activity among youth in the United States. In so doing, we discuss the following: public health guidelines for youth-based physical activity, current rates and trends of physical activity participation in youth, issues related to physical education rates in school systems, lifestyle practices that encourage sedentary behaviors and attendant disease states, a synopsis of the health-related benefits of a physically active lifestyle, promotion of and opportunities for increased engagement, and comparisons of objective and subjective methods of measuring physical activity.

Rationale and design of active play @ home: a parent-led physical activity program for children with and without disability.

BackgroundCompared to other children, those with disability have additional challenges to being physically active. Prader-Willi Syndrome is a genetic form of childhood obesity that is characterized by hypotonia, growth hormone deficiency, behavioral, and cognitive disability. In children, the low prevalence of this syndrome (1 in 10,000 to 15,000 live births) makes group-based physical activity interventions difficult. In contrast, the home environment presents a natural venue to establish a physical activity routine for this population. This manuscript describes the design of a parent-led physical activity intervention incorporating playground and interactive console-based games to increase physical activity participation in youth with and without Prader-Willi Syndrome.Methods/DesignThe study participants will be 115 youth ages 8-15 y (45 with the syndrome and 70 without the syndrome but categorized as obese). The study will use a parallel design with the control group receiving the intervention after serving as control. Participants will be expected to complete a physical activity curriculum 4 days a week for 6 months including playground games 2 days a week and interactive console games 2 days a week. Parents will be trained at baseline and then provided with a curriculum and equipment to guide their implementation of the program. Tips related to scheduling and coping with barriers to daily program implementation will be provided. Throughout, parents will be contacted by phone once a week (weeks 1-4) and then every other week to receive support in between visits. Measurements of children and parents will be obtained at baseline, 12 weeks, and at the end (week 24) of the intervention. Children main outcomes include physical activity (accelerometry), body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), motor proficiency (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency), quality of life and physical activity self-efficacy (questionnaires). Intervention compliance will be monitored using mail-in daily self-report checklists.DiscussionThis parent-guided physical activity intervention aims to increase physical activity by using a curriculum that builds physical activity related self-confidence through the development and/or enhancement of motor skill competency. Ultimately, helping children develop these skills as well as joy in being physically active will translate into sustained behavior change.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trial: NCT02058342

Binge Drinking Trajectories Across Adolescence: For Early Maturing Youth, Extra-Curricular Activities Are Protective

To describe adolescent binge drinking trajectories across grades 8-11 and examine their associations with pubertal timing, socioeconomic status (SES), and structured activity and sport involvement. Longitudinal data were analyzed from the Youth Activity Participation Study (YAPS), an annual survey of youth in 39 schools across Western Australia (N = 1,342). Latent class growth analysis revealed four binge drinking trajectory groups: Accelerating (early onset, increased frequency), Steep Increase (delayed onset, rapid escalation), Slow Growth (delayed onset, gradual increase) and Stable Low (abstinence). Accelerating was characterized by early pubertal timing, low SES, and more sport involvement in grade 8, relative to Stable Low. The groups did not significantly differ in their grade 8 activity participation. However, for early maturers, greater grade 8 activity participation was associated with a decreased probability of belonging to Steep Increase relative to Stable Low. Early pubertal timing and sports participation increased the odds of belonging to a problematic binge drinking trajectory. For youth at-risk due to early pubertal timing, structured activities appear to be protective against a problematic developmental course of binge drinking.

Youth activity involvement, neighborhood adult support, individual decision making skills, and early adolescent delinquent behaviors: Testing a conceptual model

This study examines a cross-sectional structural equation model of participation in youth activities, neighborhood adult support, individual decision making skills, and delinquent behavior in urban middle school youths (n = 2611). Results indicate extracurricular activity participation had both direct and indirect associations with delinquent behavior. Breadth, but not intensity, of activity participation had a positive association with neighborhood adult support and higher levels of adult support were associated with higher levels of youth decision making skills. Higher levels of decision making skills were, in turn, associated with lower levels of delinquent behavior. A direct positive association between intensity of activity participation and delinquent behavior was noted, after accounting for other effects in the model. The specificity model revealed that this association was mostly due to participation in neighborhood clubs (as opposed to sports, school clubs, church, helping/volunteer, or music, art, or drama). Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.