Participation In Specific Sports Research Articles

Are Athletes Playing for Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review

Abstract 
 
 Background 
 An athlete suffers from many injuries in his sports career which may be due to some trauma or maybe atraumatic. Athletes involved in the sports of long-running remains worried about knee osteoarthritis (O.A) and a question always remain in a debate that physical activity is a risk of O.A and the athletes are running for osteoarthritis. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the evidence on the quantitative association between participation in specific sports and the occurrence of Knee OA. This systematic review will also analyze the effect of sports injuries on knee OA.
 Methods
 Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Springer link are selected for gathering the information and the articles for this study. This systematic review is based on the randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort and case-control studies published in the last 20 years (2000-2022) evaluating the symptomatic or asymptomatic tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis change. The quality for study methodology was evaluated by using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Risk of Bias Tool and PRISMA checklist as a reference. Review manager, 5.4.1 Cochrane Collaboration was used for analyzing the risk for bias of individual studies.
 Results
 A total of 508 articles were searched and nine articles were selected to synthesized the results of this systematic review. Total nine articles are selected to conclude the results based on the inclusion criteria. Graph 1 is showing the study design and the number of included and excluded articles. The results are synthesized on the following levels using the PICOS model, i) comparison of running sports and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, ii) comparison of soccer, gender, and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, iii) comparison of anterior cruciate injury, the effect of treatment and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, and iv) comparison of training and prevention of knee osteoarthritis incidence.
 Conclusion
 Sports with more jumping, twisting, and knee injuries contribute to the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis in athletes remains asymptomatic initially and it manifested after 15 to 20 years after the start of pathogenesis due to some knee injury, especially ACL and menisci injury.

The Influence of Athletes' Age in the Onset of Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Whether sport participation is a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) development or progression is controversial. Mechanical overload, injuries, genetics, and acquired disorders concur to the onset of OA, with high variability between sports and participants. This study investigated the association between participation in specific sports and the risk of developing knee and hip OA in athletes at different ages. We hypothesized that young athletes who are exposed to high levels of physical activities have a greater risk of developing OA. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Google scholar, EMABSE, and Web of Science were accessed in October 2021. No time constrains were used for the search. All the published clinical studies reporting data about relationship between physical activity, OA, and age were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale resulted in a final score ≥7 for all studies, attesting good quality of the methodological assessment. Data from 27,364 patients were retrieved. The mean age was 48.2±16.7 years. In all, 21.8% were women. Our systematic review suggests an association between high levels of physical activities and knee and hip OA in men younger than 50 years. People who practice intense physical activity, such as professional athletes or heavy workers, are more prone to develop early-onset OA.

Return to Physical Activity Following Flatfoot Reconstruction.

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is a debilitating condition encompassing several interrelated, progressive deformities requiring a combination of reconstructive procedures. Few studies investigate returns to activity following flatfoot reconstruction, and existing studies only examine 1 or 2 of the numerous procedures employed. This study aims to provide the first generalizable assessment of returns to sports and physical activity following reconstruction surgery in patients with flexible flatfoot deformity. Patients aged 18-60 years who underwent reconstructive surgery between February 16 and May 19 for symptomatic flexible-stage flatfoot deformity were identified by registry review. Eighty-two of 113 eligible patients (73%) were reached at a mean 2.9 years (range, 2.0-5.4) of follow-up with mean age at surgery of 48.9 years (range, 18-59). Returns to physical activity were evaluated with a sports-specific survey. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores. Patients reported participation in 21 specific sports and activities. One-fourth (25.6%) of patients (21/82) reported increased difficulty with physical activities postoperatively, 15.9% reported equal difficulty, and 58.5% (48/82) reported decreased difficulty. Median return times were 9-12 months for participation and 12-18 months to reach maximum preoperative participation levels. Improvements in Physical Function (P= .001), Pain Interference (P < .001), Pain Intensity (P <.001), and Global Physical Health (P = .004) were associated with increased satisfaction with respect to sports and physical activities. This study investigated participation in specific sports and physical activities following flatfoot reconstruction. Our findings suggest mixed outcomes, where many patients reported life-changing improvements but many also experienced prolonged pain and difficulty after surgery. Some patients reported increased difficulty or inability to return to their preoperative maximum level of participation, indicating that flatfoot reconstructions can lead to athletic limitations. Although flatfoot reconstruction can be a powerful tool to increase patients' capacity to engage in physical activity, in our cohort many patients had reduced physical activity outcomes. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Cross-Sectional Risk Factors of Anterior Knee Pain in Adolescents.

Background: Anterior knee pain is a common complaint amongst adolescents, which can both be persistent, and in some cases, disabling. This study investigated a series of potential risk factors potentially linked to the onset of anterior knee pain.Methods: Questionnaires were distributed amongst 367 10–15 years-olds enrolled in the local school board. These surveys included questions on sex, age, sport participation, and history of anterior knee pain verified by a physician. Bivariate correlations and a binomial logistic regression were conducted. Overall rate of AKP in the population studied was 7.4%. The results indicated that past history of knee pain, age, and increased sports participation significantly correlated with increased risk of AKP. AKP was significantly more common in females than males. While sex, height, age, overall sport participation, participation in specific sports, and history of knee injury all contributed to the binomial model.

Routine participation in sports and fitness activities among out-patients with psychotic disorders: A multi-site cross-sectional survey in England

BackgroundSedentary lifestyle is a significant contributor to poor outcomes in people with psychotic disorders. However, little is known about the extent of routine participation in specific sports and fitness activities among those who do take part. We investigated the frequency, intensity, time and type of sports and fitness activities (“fitness”) completed by people with psychotic disorders in their daily life and explored correlates associated with fitness participation. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among out-patients with psychotic disorders (n = 529) recruited from six different NHS sites in England. Subjective participation in fitness activities during the previous week was assessed by an adaptation of the UK Time Use Survey. The main outcome was whether participants met the minimum World Health Organization recommendations for moderate intensity physical activity (≥150 min/week) through fitness. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to examine associations of this outcome with participant variables. ResultsIn total, 267 (52.2%) participants reported taking part in routine fitness activities in the previous week, many of whom did so alone (n = 163, 59.1%). Only 21.5% (n = 114) completed ≥150 min of fitness activities in the previous week. The likelihood of attaining these recommendations was lower among participants who were female, older in age, in a relationship, unemployed and with fewer social contacts. ConclusionMental health services promoting physical activity interventions among people with psychotic disorders may need to modify their approaches based on previous patient preference and increase their focus on sub-groups of patients who are less likely to routinely engage in fitness activities.

Relationship of participation in specific sports to academic performance in adolescents: A 2-year longitudinal study.

Physical activity is considered a promising behavior to improve cognitive function and academic performance in adolescents. As evidence on the relationship of specific sports activity is not conclusive, this study aimed to determine the longitudinal relationships of different sports to academic performance in adolescents and evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness mediation effect of these sports. We focused on the demands of complex motor skills and the differences between individual sports vs team sports. Four hundred and sixty-three 7th-grade students (227 girls and 236 boys) were followed up over 2years. Data regarding participation in sports activities, types of sports activities, academic performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness were obtained at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up. Structural equation modeling revealed that participation in all sports activity was positively associated with improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow-up, and that these associations were mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness gains. Participation in sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports activity was directly associated with an improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow-up. Furthermore, quitting sports activities was negatively associated with academic performance via a reversal in cardiorespiratory fitness gains. These findings indicate that participation in specific sports may have significant benefits for academic performance in adolescents. Although these relationships are presumably mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness, sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports participation may be directly related to academic performance. Considering that quitting sports activities reversed these benefits, sustained participation in sports is important for academic success.

Misclassification of cricket in the American College of Cardiology (ACC) Task Force classification of sports

‘The Mitchell classification’1 is a widely known system published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) to catalogue sports based on peak static and dynamic components achieved during competition.1 2...

Return to Sports and Physical Activities after First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Young Patients

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been shown to be effective and reliable in alleviating pain and correcting deformity. However, the effect on patient participation in specific sports and physical activities has not been well established. For this reason, younger patients that are more physically active may be less likely to undergo this procedure, despite significant first MTP joint pathology and symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess specific sports and physical activities in young patients following first MTP joint arthrodesis as well as clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a single-center study conducted from a review of a prospectively collected registry. Eligible patients were contacted for final follow up. All cases of first MTP arthrodesis in skeletally mature patients age 55 and under between October 2006 and December 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included concomitant metatarsal osteotomies, midfoot or hindfoot fusions, and systemic or other musculoskeletal disease that would otherwise impact physical activity participation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Physical activity participation was evaluated with a physical activity and sports-specific, patient-administered questionnaire. Seventy-three eligible patients were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty patients (68%) were reached for follow up and were included in this study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 49.7 (23-55) years. Thirty-four percent of patients were male and 66% female. The average follow up was 5.1 (2.2-10.2) years. Results: There was significant improvement in all FAOS subcategories, including pain (49.9-84.1, p&lt;0.001), other symptoms (64.1- 77.8, p&lt;0.001), function in daily activities (67.0-89.0, p&lt;0.001), function in sport and recreation (38.7-68.5, p&lt;0.001) and quality of life (20.7-63.9, p&lt;0.001). There was no difference between male and female patients (p&gt;0.05). Patients reported participation in 14 different sports and physical activities. The most common were walking, cycling, weight lifting, swimming, running and aerobics. Compared to preoperatively, patients rated 26% of activities as less difficult, 54% as the same, and 20% as more difficult. Patients returned to 84% of their activities in &lt; 12 months and 42% in &lt; 6 months, with 61% reaching their peak performance level in &lt; 12 months. Ninety-two percent of patients were satisfied with their outcome. Conclusion: First MTP joint arthrodesis is a reasonable option in young, physically active patients. Improved clinical outcomes and satisfactory pain reduction were achieved in all patients. The majority of patients were able to return to a wide variety of physical activities and sports, and were satisfied with their level attained. A small group of patients that participated in more high impact sports reported increased difficulty post-operatively, however, there was an increased number of patients that reported decreased difficulty in these same activities. This may be beneficial in patient counselling and aid in treatment decision making.

Demographic profiling of British Olympic equestrian athletes in the twenty-first century

Analyses of the determinants for participation in specific sports have been neglected and the use of demographic profiling in equestrian sports is limited. The aim of this research was to compare demographic profiles of British Olympic equestrian athletes, across and within disciplines, and suggest implications for the national federation’s micro-level athlete development strategy. Data were collected about all Team GB equestrian competitors over the last five Olympic Games. Equestrian sports are not organised by sex segregation, however no female showjumping competitors have represented Team GB in the twenty-first century. Competitors ranged in age over five decades and support the unusual early start-late specialisation paradigm, introduced by the national federation in 2007. Horse ownership is unusual amongst competitors, although it is more common amongst male athletes. The inter-athlete variation and inter-discipline variation these athletes show post challenges to the single development strategy currently in use.

Prevalence of potential sports-associated risk factors in Swiss amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.

ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported to occur with increased incidence amongst physically active people. The role of extrinsic risk factors as physical activity, head trauma and drug/pesticide‐exposure in the pathophysiology of ALS and especially in the context of practising sports remains controversial.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively studied exposure to extrinsic factors in 92 ALS patients in the presymptomatic stage. Metabolic equivalents (METs) were calculated and the association of physical activity, drug intake, head trauma and participation in specific sports (football [soccer], ice hockey) with age at symptom‐onset was evaluated.ResultsNinety‐five percent of patients considered themselves physically active before symptom‐onset. Total MET‐values varied broadly and there was no correlation between vigorous physical activity and age at symptom‐onset. Mild traumatic brain injury (prevalence = 16.7%) was the most frequent diagnosis after head/neck injury. A history of ≥1 head/neck injuries was associated with a younger age at symptom‐onset (61.8 ± 11.0 vs. 54.1 ± 13.0, p = .013). In former football and ice hockey players the rate of vigorous physical activities was increased (p < .05), whereas total MET‐values, frequency of head injuries and analgesic intake were not different compared to other ALS patients.ConclusionsHistory of head injuries was the only extrinsic risk factor associated with accelerated neurodegeneration in ALS. There was no evidence for extrinsic factors predisposing former football and ice hockey players to ALS. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that not increased physical activity per se, but other unknown environmental factors and/or genetic profile or lifestyle‐promoting physical fitness increases ALS susceptibility.

Associations of specific types of sports and exercise with all-cause and cardiovascular-disease mortality: a cohort study of 80 306 British adults

Background/AimEvidence for the long-term health effects of specific sport disciplines is scarce. Therefore, we examined the associations of six different types of sport/exercise with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality...

Confiabilidade e validade de um dispositivo de célula de carga para avaliação da força de preensão palmar

The grip strength is a complex measure influenced by factors such as gender, age, motivation, muscle training, handedness, height, weight, socioeconomic variables, and participation in specific sports or professions. It can be measured by dynamometers or by tension meters such as load cells (strain gauges). Reliability and validity are important psychometric properties, which analyze consistency and applicability of an instruments' measurement. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of a load cell device in isometric grip force measurements using a sample of asymptomatic subjects and patients with wrist and hand dysfunctions. Standardized methods of the upper limb positioning and randomization of the sample order were used. Statistical analysis of reliability was conducted by the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) and the construct validity by Pearson correlation coefficient (r), with p<0.05, 95% CI, using SPSS version 20(r). The sample consisted of 24 healthy volunteers with an average age of 22.25 years old, all college students, and 21 volunteers with upper extremity and hand disorders, from both genders. The test-retest reliability for the asymptomatic group was ICC 0.90 (0.78-0.95) and for the group of patients was 0.94 (0.87-0.97), both considered excellent. The Bland and Altman graphics showed that although the reliability has displayed excellent levels and low standard error values of measurement, some discrepant data were found. Pearson correlation coefficients were high, both for the asymptomatic group (r=0.85), and for the patients group (r=0.83). Conclusion: based on these findings, it is suggested that this load cell is a reliable and valid device for isometric grip strength measurement and its use is suitable for future clinical trials and practice.

Return to Sports and Physical Activities After the Modified Lapidus Procedure for Hallux Valgus in Young Patients.

The modified Lapidus procedure has successfully relieved pain and corrected deformity in patients with hallux valgus, but its effect on participation in specific sports and physical activities remains unclear. Our goals were to assess sports and physical activities in young patients following the modified Lapidus procedure and to compare these with clinical outcomes. Fifty-eight eligible patients were identified from a retrospective registry review. Of these, 48 (83%) were reached for follow-up at a mean of 2.8 (range, 1.0 to 6.1) years and had a mean age at surgery of 37.3 (range, 14.1 to 49.3) years. Physical activity participation was evaluated with a new sports-specific, patient-administered questionnaire. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and compared to sports outcomes. Patients participated in 26 different physical activities, consisting of 212 total physical activities preoperatively and 209 total postoperatively. The most common were walking, running, bicycling, and swimming. Compared to preoperatively, patients rated 29% of activities as less difficult, 52% as the same, and 19% as more difficult and rated participation levels as improved in 40%, the same in 41%, and impaired in 19%. Eighty-one percent of patients were satisfied with their operative outcome in regard to return to physical activity. Changes in the FAOS Pain subscore were significantly associated with improvements in physical activity difficulty (P < .05), and changes in the Pain, Sports, and QOL subscores were significantly associated with changes in physical activity participation levels (P < .05). Four in 5 patients were able to participate in previous sports and physical activities, including high-impact activities, at their preoperative participation level or better after the modified Lapidus procedure, and were satisfied with surgery in regard to return to previous activity. However, several patients had increased difficulty and impaired participation in physical activity postoperatively. Altogether, this suggests that the procedure is a viable treatment option for hallux valgus in young, active patients. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Is Participation in Certain Sports Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review.

Information regarding the relative risks of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) as a result of sport participation is critical for shaping public health messages and for informing knee-OA prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between participation in specific sports and knee OA. We completed a systematic literature search in September 2012 using 6 bibliographic databases (PubMed; Ovid MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid; American College of Physicians Journal Club; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Ovid HealthStar), manual searches (4 journals), and reference lists (56 articles). Studies were included if they met the following 4 criteria: (1) an aim was to investigate an association between sport participation and knee OA; (2) the outcome measure was radiographic knee OA, clinical knee OA, total knee replacement, self-reported diagnosis of knee OA, or placement on a waiting list for a total knee replacement; (3) the study design was case control or cohort; and (4) the study was written in English. Articles were excluded if the study population had an underlying condition other than knee OA. One investigator extracted data (eg, group descriptions, knee OA prevalence, source of nonexposed controls). The overall knee-OA prevalence in sport participants (n = 3759) was 7.7%, compared with 7.3% among nonexposed controls (referent group n = 4730, odds ratio [OR] = 1.1). Specific sports with a significantly higher prevalence of knee OA were soccer (OR = 3.5), elite-level long-distance running (OR = 3.3), competitive weight lifting (OR = 6.9), and wrestling (OR = 3.8). Elite-sport (soccer or orienteering) and nonelite-sport (soccer or American football) participants without a history of knee injury had a greater prevalence of knee OA than nonexposed participants. Participants in soccer (elite and nonelite), elite-level long-distance running, competitive weight lifting, and wrestling had an increased prevalence of knee OA and should be targeted for risk-reduction strategies.

Race, Cultural Capital, and the Educational Effects of Participation in Sports

The relationship between participation in sports and academic achievement is examined by exploring both the factors that predict participation in different sports and the influence that participation in specific sports has on academic achievement. While previous studies analyzed the effects of participation in sports on achievement, little research has explored whether students who have fewer academic resources are more likely to play sports. Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey, this study considers whether cultural capital, household educational resources, family structure, and race are related to participation in football, basketball, or other sports and whether the effects of participation on several measures of academic achievement differ by race and sport. The findings suggest that cultural disadvantage contributes to an increased interest in and perhaps dependence on basketball and football as a means of social capital.

Perspectives of a rheumatologist team physician

My perspective is that of a former athlete, formally trained as a rheumatologist and now responsible for the care of amateur and professional athletes. In my practice, I confront many recurring concerns about exercise and musculoskeletal problems, which I will address in the following chapter, using illustrative examples when possible. When I became involved in sports medicine, I was surprised at the paucity of long-term, prospective studies concerning the possible development of arthritis and musculoskeletal disability due to sports participation. In fact, it was difficult to reach any conclusions about the risks of chronic musculoskeletal disability as a result of participation in specific sports, on the basis of the available literature (Panush and Brown, 1987; Brown and Panush, 1987). This issue is a major concern in caring for athletic patients. It is difficult to respond to them satisfactorily when it arises, as it does frequently in practice. Available anecdotal references or retrospective studies are not adequate, and registries for sport-specific musculoskeletal injuries are virtually non-existent. Thus I welcome this opportunity to summarize the limits of our knowledge in this area and to indicate what additional information we still need to obtain.