Participatory Spatial Planning Research Articles

Assessing Stakeholder Collaboration and Participation in Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Talang Kelapa Urban Area, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Assessing Stakeholder Collaboration and Participation in Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Talang Kelapa Urban Area, South Sumatera, Indonesia

The Productive Role of Future Expectations in Participatory Spatial Planning. A Case Study on Urban Park Development in The Netherlands

Spatial planning is an inherently future-oriented practice charged with future expectations. Strikingly, the productive role of these expectations has received little scholarly attention. We adopted a grounded theory approach to study the participatory planning process for Seelig Park in Breda, the Netherlands. We observed that expectations are flexible, dynamic and diverse and they can be tuned to fit and justify actions and decisions while keeping the planning process in motion. We conclude that expectations become productive as a means for ‘recalibration,’ reflecting the continuous quest for equilibrium between action and legitimacy in the politically negotiated context of spatial planning.

Strengthening Community Participation in Spatial Planning of Riverflow Regions in Medan City

Due to the impact of the flooding issues in Medan City, which are driven by the occurrence of sedimentation, narrowing, and law enforcement, it is required to offer alternate options for watershed management through a strategy to increase community involvement in spatial design. This study uses a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Techniques for gathering data include documentation, holding FGDs with seven stakeholders, and conducting in-depth interviews with riverside communities. According to the study's findings, Medan City's watershed management has not been carried out to its full potential through community participation. The situation gets worse as a result, as evidenced by the growth of riverbank communities, deteriorating water quality, poor health, and extensive floods. The primary issue that has to be fixed is the lack of communication between the community and the government. Low public knowledge and ineffective law enforcement in policing and securing river borders are barriers to community participation in spatial planning. This study suggests that pertinent organizations set up a watershed management coordination forum and educate and engage the local population in watershed management. This study offers a thorough understanding of how the quantity and quality of watersheds in Medan City are worsened by poor community participation.

Opening up spatial planning to the participation of children and youth: the Swedish experience

ABSTRACT This article reports on a study examining the pathway to and practices for inclusive participatory planning in Sweden. Recently, the Swedish government has transposed the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child into national law, making it a requirement for Swedish planners to involve children and youth in participatory spatial planning processes. The challenges planners face when needing to open up planning and engage children and youth in more structured ways, have not been discussed very much just yet. This study uses Sweden-centered empirical literature together with interviews with a selected group of respondents to contribute at that debate.

Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as an Effective Method of Research into Social Preferences in Urban Space Planning

The appearance of urban space is most often determined by planners, urbanists, and officials who fail to consider social preferences in the planning process. According to recent scientific research, spatial design should take into account people’s preferences with regard to its shape, as it is they who are the target audience. Moreover, legal regulations in many countries require the public’s inclusion into the space planning process. This paper outlines the legal status of the issue of social participation in spatial planning and provides an overview of the methods and techniques applied in the research into preferences. The aim of the article is to determine the strength of the relationship between the features adopted for the study using the grey system theory and to investigate the model’s behaviour for varied input data. It also presents the results of a study into the effect of geospatial features on the perception of the sense of security within urban space. The features were extracted using a heuristic method for solving research problems (i.e., brainstorming) and the survey was conducted by the point-scoring method. The survey results were processed by the grey system method according to the grey system theory (GST) of the grey relational analysis (GRA) type to yield a sequence of the strength of dependence between the analysed features. The study was conducted five times, with the order of entering the survey results being changed. The conducted analyses indicated that a change in the order of data from particular surveys applied for calculations resulted in the order of the epsilon coefficients in the significance sequences being changed. The analysis process was modified in order to obtain a stable significance sequence irrespective of the order of entering survey results in the analysis process. The analysis results in the form of a geospatial feature significance sequence provide information as to which of them have the greatest impact on the phenomenon under consideration. The research method can be applied to solve practical problems related to social participation.

Public Participation by Optimizing Rural Spatial Planning to Prevent Functional Conversion of Agricultural Land to Non-agricultural Use

Spatial planning in a region is necessary to be carried out. Spatial planning is a realization of planning a region how it will be developed or maintained. It becomes the basic principle within all sequences of spatial planning in a region. Regional spatial planning can involve urban and rural areas. Good spatial planning can make significant contribution to prevent functional conversion from agricultural land into non-agricultural land which is getting massive. Therefore, this study discusses and analyses the functional conversion from agricultural land into non-agricultural land as well as the strategy of public participation in spatial planning to prevent the conversion, particularly in Munding village in Bergas sub-district in Semarang regency. This study used a qualitative method which revealed truth based on the results of factual data collection during the research. The research is conducted according to observation of natural background or social environment producing descriptive data. The result shows that strategy that can be used to prevent agricultural land conversion is socialization, which educates the people and public participation. Public participation is important to increase the knowledge of people about every stage of spatial planning and license to limit conversion of agricultural land.

The Use of PPGIS: Towards Reaching a Meaningful Public Participation in Spatial Planning

Together with technological innovations and the development of a digital society, PPGIS approaches have been rapidly growing popular in the last years, in Poland’s local administration. Local governments take significant interest in online tools; however the principles of public participation, which, in fact, should also be applied to e-consultations, are still missing. One of the assumed roles of PPGIS is to support public participation—not just in terms of the number of stakeholders, but especially in terms of the impact on decision making. The present paper discusses the results of investigations into two decision-making processes, regarding local spatial planning in the Poznań agglomeration, Poland, conducted in 2015–2021. Its aim is to verify the hypothesis that the use of PPGIS facilitates more meaningful involvement of citizens in spatial planning. As a result of the case study analysis, in-depth interviews with local authorities and officials, and analysis of the planning documents and the role of PPGIS in public participation in decision making, was investigated. It was shown that in both processes there was no direct participation of society in decision making. However, the use of PPGIS, according to local authorities, had implications in the context of the wider process of local governance.

Legal Guarantees of Public Participation in Spatial Planning and Development

Abstract Residents of self-governing communities, organized in formalized structures, often express the need to articulate their own interests and views or to have influence over the content of adopted legal solutions. They are ready to get involved in public matters and collaborate with local government units in regulating affairs that are important to a given local or regional community. Without a doubt, the issue of spatial planning and development falls under this category. The legislator obliged competent bodies to safeguard public participation in works on the study of conditions and directions of spatial development of a municipality, a local spatial development plan and a voivodship spatial development plan. The aim of this paper is to analyse the applicable legal solutions as guarantees of public participation in the planning procedure. Moreover, it provides a basis for assessing real possibilities of participation of residents of local government units in the process of passing planning acts and of real influence over their content.

Participatory mapping and spatial planning for renewable energy development: The case of ground-mount solar in rural Ontario

Displacing fossil fuels with renewable energy resources is essential to mitigate climate change. The implementation of renewable energy systems brings stark changes to local landscapes; e.g., wind turbines dotting a rural landscape, or solar panels covering fertile land that previously supplied food. These changes can evoke strong social opposition, even among people who are generally supportive of renewable energy (RE). Research suggests that public tensions around renewable energy development are reduced through inclusive decision-making processes (i.e., improved procedural justice) as well as benefits sharing (i.e., improved distributional justice). We develop and test a process for proactive and inclusive spatial planning for RE development in a region. Our work combines participatory mapping and survey- and focus-group-based sentiment analysis in order to understand community concerns around renewable energy projects, and how those concerns are reflected spatially. We conducted a case study on ground-mount solar energy systems in the Town of Caledon, Ontario, Canada. From this study, we aimed to determine what regions and kinds of landscapes community members might find acceptable or not for new solar projects, and to facilitate dialogue about opportunities and potential impacts with the general public, key stakeholders, and influencers (utilities, land-owners, developers, municipal staff) in the locality.

ROZDZIERANIE PRZESTRZENI. PARTYCYPACYJNA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ CZY PARTYCYPACYJNA PRYWATA

Participation in spatial planning has specific origins rooted in the ideology that in the past was responsible for inhuman actions and large-scale social manipulations. This article is an account on participation, written in the context of over twenty years of experience in actively introducing participatory techniques into various planning procedures. The original assumptions about making spatial planning a matter of importance to local communities had to collide with the reality determined both by the authorities and by individual and collective interests. The attempt to reorient the paradigm of social participation is aimed at preserving many of its positive features.

Dyskusja publiczna jako forma partycypacji mieszkańców gminy w planowaniu przestrzeni

This paper is trying to outline, as well as evaluate particular legal regulations as regards the public discussion as a form of local community participation in spatial planning. As far as the author is concerned, the paper addresses issues of great importance for this particular legal matter, such as: the obligation to organize the discussion and the right to participate in the discussion, the ways of organizing the discussion, and the subject and nature of the discussion. This article is also trying to provide an answer to the question about the importance of public discussion in local planning procedures. The conducted research allowed for the diagnosis of the most important problems which the executive body of local government organizing the discussion has to deal with.

Participatory Modeling With QUICKScan to Shape Sustainable Urban Development

Current spatial planning methods are often technocratic, slow, fail to use the right kind of evidence or do not involve (all) the actors needed to create support and consensus. We present a method that facilitates the use of evidence (data) in participatory spatial planning processes, resulting in a joint understanding of the most important causalities, as a means to build capacity across actors. QUICKScan is a participatory modeling method that links stakeholder- and decision maker knowledge and preferences to available spatial and spatio-statistical data, and is designed for group use in a multi-stakeholder workshop setting. We describe four urban QUICKScan applications, that vary in objective, scale and institutional setting. The most critical in organizing a QUICKScan session is to: (i) include crucial participants in a single plenary workshop (decision maker, local data expert, and local thematic experts), (ii) create an open atmosphere in which each and everyone's opinion is treated equally, (iii) dialogue is more important than an abundance of detailed spatial data, and (iv) start with simple modeling rules and iterate often while expanding the set of rules and trying out alternatives.

Integrated, adaptive and participatory spatial planning: trends across Europe

ABSTRACT Whether spatial planning systems are equipped to cope with contemporary regional and urban challenges is strongly dependent on their capacity to promote integration between policy sectors, to respond adaptively to changing societal and political conditions, and to involve and engage citizens in decision-making processes. This paper examines and compares how these capacities have evolved in European countries since the start of the 21st century. The findings indicate that many countries have made reforms to spatial planning with significant implications for their capacity to promote integrated, adaptive and collective planning decisions.

Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Metropolitan Manado-Bitung

The Manado-Bitung Metropolitan Area Plan aims to create an integrated and sustainable area by paying attention to economic, social and environmental growth. This study assesses the existing conditions and development potential in the area, identifies challenges, and formulates a comprehensive spatial planning strategy. The planning approach used involves analyzing factors such as transportation, infrastructure, land use, and socio-economic dynamics. The plan is designed to improve connectivity between Manado and Bitung, support industrial and tourism development, and promote environmentally friendly development. It is hoped that the implementation of this spatial planning plan can accelerate regional economic growth, reduce the disparity between regions, and improve the quality of life of the community. The conclusion of this study shows that integrated and participatory spatial planning is essential to achieve sustainable and inclusive metropolitan development.

Effectiveness of Participatory Planning for Community Development: A Case Study on Ward No-6 in Pabna Municipality

In modern-day global, network participation is taken into consideration as the prerequisite of sustainable urban improvement. Its levels from just informing people approximately the plan or improvement projects utilizing the humans. However, public participation in neighborhood authorizes led applications is nonetheless confined in Bangladesh. Increasingly, community participation is considered important in ensuring the sustainability of community utility services. In return, better access to all service facilities such as water supply, gas supply, transportation, health care, recreational area, electricity supply, etc. are important in the development of the living standard of the communities of an area. As the rate of community participation, this paper reconnoiters the extent of public participation in spatial planning performs in the Pabna municipality built totally on the citizen’s responses. Data were collected from community service facilities of ward no-06 in Pabna Municipality, Pabna District. Community Effect Index (CEI) and User Satisfaction Index (USI) were used to assess the performance of the community level utility services. The results indicate whether community-level utility services were effective or not. There is a general need to improve the quality and quantity of other services facilities like recreation facility, market facility, health facility, solid waste management system and transportation facility, and a need to improve authorized sections i.e. Municipality authority as well as NGOs to provide better services in this area.

Spatial planning in the digital age: the role of emerging technologies in democratising participation in spatial planning in Ghana

ABSTRACT Planning practice has evolved from technocratic to participatory approaches. This is driven by the need to ensure that the stakeholders of development programmes are involved in making decisions. However, participatory planning, often excludes interested publics from planning processes, due to several barriers. As such there is a recourse to digital technologies aimed at broadening participation of interested publics in planning processes. This study sought to unpack the reasons why digital technologies are not widely used in spatial planning processes in Ghana, in spite of the availability of, and possibilities for doing so? And what forms of technology can help us deepen public participation in spatial planning in Ghana? The study established that various web and mobile technologies and apps exist to aid participation in planning in Ghana, although such a process must be backed by national efforts to deepen transparency in governance and enhance digital literacy and penetration.

Access to ICT in Poland and the Co-Creation of Urban Space in the Process of Modern Social Participation in a Smart City—A Case Study

A smart city is one of the latest concepts in the development of modern cities. It has evolved from the foregoing smart cities 1.0 and 2.0 to the smart city 3.0, where members of the local community play the main role as not only the recipients of the introduced changes and modern technology, but also as the creators of urban space. One of the goals of a smart city 3.0 is to promote sustainable urban development by improving the quality of life, enhancing social participation, and involving local community members in planning and decision-making processes. This study set out to determine the role and significance of e-participation methods in the smart city concept. The results of questionnaires exploring the importance of e-participation in urban development are presented. The paper also discusses changes in the availability of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Poland. The secondary goal was to present the geo-questionnaire and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) as modern research tools. Internet tools based on geoinformation systems have considerable potential for mobilizing social participation in spatial planning (Public Participation GIS). The present study postulates the need for modern social participation methods in shaping urban space and promoting the sustainable development of cities. The study highlights the main challenges in the research process. The cooperation between the authorities and the citizens contributes to the development of a civil society, informed decision-making, social involvement in public life, and more effective governance at the local, regional, and national level. Measures that foster cooperation between the authorities and local communities, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), and growing social awareness and social participation in managing development are the components of a modern smart city and the building blocks of an e-society. The study also revealed positive changes in access to ICT and their contribution to bridging the digital divide in Poland. Higher levels of social awareness regarding participation and e-participation promote the growth of smart cities.

Współczesne podejścia do uczestnictwa społeczności lokalnej w planowaniu przestrzeni w literaturze naukowej = A review of the scientific literature on contemporary approaches to local community participation in spatial planning

The paper is the result of a review of contemporary scientific literature on local-community participation in spatial planning. The aim of the review has been to determine those concepts which constitute the theoretical basis for studies, the areas in which the participation of a local community in planning is being examined, and the methods of involving inhabitants gaining most frequent description in the literature. The review included 96 relevant scientific articles from 2010‑2019 that are available in the Web of Science database. In practice, this literature is found to feature marked diversity when it comes to the ways in which community participation in planning is embedded theoretically. While the underpinning concepts derive mainly from the socio-political sciences, management, ecology or human geography are also represented, and reference is often made to the concept of deliberation and collaboration, as connected with the theory of communicative action. Note should also be taken of the importance of knowledge (especially lay knowledge) and learning as relatively new key concepts in the literature regarding social aspects of spatial planning. The said literature focuses on the search for new ways in which residents can be activated as regards planning, as well as ways in which they can be tested. There is therefore a prevalence of works that detail innovative initiatives by which inhabitants’ views on the space in which they function can be gained. Little attention is paid to translating the opinion and knowledge obtained from the community into planning decisions – this being an issue that researchers either ignore or treat very vaguely. This is then a significant gap in the output under analysis. The analysed works present local-community involvement in planning, mainly in urbanised areas, but also in valuable natural areas, including forests, wetlands, rivers, etc. Relatively little attention is paid to social participation in the planning of villages and small towns outside large agglomerations. It is surprising that there is very little work on grassroots community initiatives aimed at the local-level planning of space. The use of modern technologies in gauging society’s opinions and knowledge on space is what proves dominant where methodological scope is concerned. There is wide discussion of the possibilities and advantages inherent in methodology based on PPGIS and VGI.

Gentrification as part of urban development

The main purpose of the research was to present gentrification as a diverse phenomenon that cannot be explicitly qualified as negative or positive. In order to illustrate the problem, literature studies were carried out regarding urban regeneration, urban revitalization, gentrification and urban development. Then a case study was presented indicating two extremely different examples. The Walnut Hills Estate in Cincinnati in the United States, was the first to be described. The second example is Sayingmen, which used to be a settlement in Beijing. Due to the controversial decision of the authorities, it was demolished. A discovery resulting from this analysis was to show the diametrically different approach to city management, the perception of civil rights and the scope of competences of local authorities. The case study presented in the article can help institutions related to the development and participatory spatial planning to create urban policies

The main purpose of the research was to present gentrification as a diverse phenomenon that cannot be explicitly qualified as negative or positive. In order to illustrate the problem, literature studies were carried out regarding urban regeneration, urban revitalization, gentrification and urban development. Then a case study was presented indicating two extremely different examples. The Walnut Hills Estate in Cincinnati

The article addresses the theoretical aspects of sustainable development; the content of methodological approaches to the assessment of sustainable city development is determined, the system of evaluation of sustainable city development is characterized, the dynamics of economic, social and ecological development of Kremenchuk are analyzed and recommendations for improving the sustainable development of the city are developed. The purpose of the research was to develop measures to improve the economic, social, environmental components of sustainable development of the Ukrainian industrial city of Kremenchuk