Participation In Policy Implementation Research Articles

Framework for Policies on Affordable Housing: Expanding Access and Government Involvement

This paper presents a policy framework for affordable housing, emphasizing increased access and government involvement. It outlines strategies such as optimizing land use through higher Floor Area Ratios, resolving land titling issues, and utilizing government-held lands for housing projects. The paper discusses removing procedural obstacles, supporting subsidies for low-income households, and the need for coordinated urban and transport planning. Evaluating initiatives like Housing for All by 2022 and Rajiv Awas Yojana, the study critiques existing policies for their limited impact on the broader population and calls for fundamental changes. By advocating for a holistic approach, the paper aims to enhance access to affordable housing and promote effective government participation in policy implementation.

Exploring residents' perceptions of ecosystem services in nature reserves to guide protection and management

Understanding residents' perceptions of ecosystem services (ESs) is important for modern ecosystem management. However, these perceptions are often overlooked in managing nature reserves, leading to decreased residents' participation in policy implementation. This study proposes to investigate the perceptions and ecological concepts contained in ESs among residents using a questionnaire survey. The results showed that: (1) Residents prioritize supporting services and they value “leisure and recreation” the most, followed by “air purification” and “habitat for animals and plants”. (2) Perceptions of different ESs have significant spatial differences, and distance significantly affects residents' perceptions. (3) Most types of ESs are significantly correlated with each other, and indigenous ecological concept has a profound impact on their perceptions. (4) Education and livelihood play a positive effect on the perceptions of ESs, while nationality, gender, age, distance, and relief show a negative influence. Improving education levels, establishing community rules and regulations, strengthening humans and nature connections, using ecological indigenous concepts in environmental management, and integrating residents' perceptions into regional development planning are some suggested solutions. This research study provides valuable insights into incorporating residents' perceptions and indigenous knowledge into ecological management and policy development at local and regional levels.

Policy framework that addresses malnutrition in Namibia: A retrospective qualitative review.

Although Namibia has made strides in improving the policy enabling environment, eradication of malnutrition is still elusive. This review was aimed at determining the extent to which food and nutrition-related policies in Namibia address malnutrition. This study used a qualitative approach by retrospectively analysing policy frameworks that address malnutrition in Namibia from 1991 to 2022. The analysis employed the policy triangle framework to elucidate the contextual factors, content, actors and process involved in the policy development. Moreover, a comparative analysis of Namibian policies and those of other southern African countries was undertaken. The review showed that there is a considerable degree of coherence in policy goals and strategies to address malnutrition despite parallel coordination structures. Policy process involved limited consultations with local communities which might have jeopardised the formulation of community problem-tailored interventions, ownership and participation in policy implementation. There is a strong political commitment to the eradication of malnutrition in Namibia. The Office of the Prime Minister played a leading role in policy development. Influential actors such as the UN agencies elevated the nutrition agenda. Further, the Namibian policy framework was generally similar to those of other southern African countries. The review showed that Namibia has relevant and comprehensive policies to address malnutrition, however, contextual factors indicated high levels of malnutrition still exist in the communities. Further research is needed to understand the barriers and enablers to optimal nutrition for children under five years in Namibia.

Monoglot Ideologies in Multilingual Ecologies: Case Study of Language-in-Education Policies in India and Indonesia

The creation of language policies is a socially embedded process that affects the socioeconomic well-being of those who live in a given language ecosystem. Unrealistic presumptions about a nation’s linguistic landscape on the part of its government run the risk of perpetuating an unequal social climate in which some demographic groups are given more possibilities for social mobility, while others are pushed into a marginalized position of powerlessness. In multilingual societies, the power structures that exist mirror the roles that various languages are given in social, educational, and other domains. The current study examines the ecology/practice of language in multilingual Indian and Indonesian contexts and strives to determine if it receives adequate reflection in the language policies (LPs) of both nations. To comprehend how multilingual social practice is managed and planned through official policy framing, it construes these situations as case studies. In social contexts where societal multilingualism is the norm, the current study takes a critically reflexive approach toward the formulation and application of policy. To determine whether there is a correlation between contentious LPs in multilingual situations and social justice, in terms of equal access to high-quality education, it links top-down government language management with local linguistic realities. Moreover, it draws its own conclusions regarding the implications of policy analysis for fair language management in multilingual contexts and teachers’ participation in policy implementation as part of their regular professional activities.

From Reluctance to Acceptation: Participation of Poor-People in Policy Implementation Using Discursive Institutionalism

The poor-people reluctance in participation in government’s policy implementation was caused by by the distance of government policy discourse and poor-people discourse. This article investigates policy implementation of sanitation program in Probolinggo City, East Java using Discursive Institutionalism perspective and Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis method to discover hidden meanings of the multi-actor’s discourse. The research found, first, the reluctance of poor-people participation in policy implementation was caused by negative discourse on sanitation interpellated the poor-people. Second, acceptation for the program implemented was achieved by narrowing the gap of discourse through penetration of alternative discourse constructed under policy design. Third, policy implementor’s discourse was exercised by breaking personal discourse of the people. Forth, discursive strategy changed personal discourse of society which then shifts reluctance to acceptance for government programs. Fifth, policy design for activating urban poor-people’s participation as social engineering based on discourse and discursive strategy.

The Dilemma of Good Governance Implementation in Indonesia during the Pandemic of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)

The Indonesian government's policies to prevent and encounter the spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic are still considered not optimal to realize good governance, with the high number of COVID-19 spread throughout Indonesia. This research discusses the implementation of good governance in Indonesia in the COVID-19 pandemic based on eight good governance indicators. This research uses observation techniques to collect the data. The research results indicate that Indonesia is not achieving the ideal target in implementing good governance in overcoming this pandemic. This happened due to a lack of assertiveness in policymaking and a low level of public participation in policy implementation, which led to delays in COVID-19 countermeasures actions. The implementation of policies in China, New Zealand and Turkey indicates that these three countries have the authority to regulate strictly. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the rule of law and government policies' effectiveness is still weak; delayed action from the government in responding to pandemic proves a lack of government responsiveness. The policies implemented are not based on consensus; equity in accessing public services also becomes a problem. In the end, people lose their trust in the government because they failed to provide unaccountable information. Thus, good governance in Indonesia in the COVID-19 pandemic is still difficult to implement.

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOs) PARTICIPATION IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON POVERTY REDUCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA AND GHANA

The paper examines the people’s perceptions of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) participation in policy implementation on poverty reduction: A comparative analysis of Nigeria and Ghana. This interrogation is necessary in order to improve the performance of CSOs and participate in the poverty reduction policies in Nigeria by borrowing a leave from Ghana. For proper analysis, key informant interview was carried out and relevant literatures were also reviewed. The paper revealed that efforts have been made by the CSOs to influence government policies on poverty reduction in Nigeria and Ghana for the benefit of the people but Ghana has made more progress. Despite poverty level has decreased in both countries; there is still much suffering in their rural areas. It is worst in Nigeria because of corruption, insurgencies and economic recession. The CSOs in both countries faced repressions and manipulation over the years. From 1990s Ghana CSOs enjoyed symbolic relationship with the state while its Nigeria counterpart struggle for space. The paper recommends that there is need for the governments in both countries to do more by ensuring CSOs participation in policy decisions on poverty reduction. The Nigeria government should borrow a leave from Ghana on building more relationship and partnership with CSOs on policies on poverty reduction. There should be collaborations and consultations between the government and the “major groups” at local levels on policy issues. The CSOs and the target beneficiary should be allowed to take joint ownership of policy decisions, processes and implementation to ensure accountability and transparency in order to reduce poverty in Nigeria and Ghana especially in their rural areas.

Defanging public discontent in an authoritarian regime: grassroots volunteering and immigration in Singapore

ABSTRACT While the reliance of hybrid regimes on tools of democratic consultation has been well-documented, public participation in policy implementation is less studied. This article examines the role of citizen-volunteers in its implementation of Singapore's migrant integration policy. The state's paradoxical empowerment of its citizens to participate in policy delivery neutralises public dissent over immigration policy in two ways. Firstly, volunteers are portrayed as desirable citizens who contribute constructively to society, contrasted to anti-government critics who simply complain about government policy. Secondly, volunteers' recruitment of new citizens into their ranks undercuts anti-foreigner claims that immigrants are not contributing to Singaporean society.

Concept of interoperability of state with civil society: applied aspect

It is substantiated that today more and more people understand that the conflict is generally unprofitable and unconstructive for society. The world community has come to understand that reconciling interests, that is, finding a consensus solution, is the best result of interaction between the parties. It is also evident that participants in the course of finding solutions to each other should demonstrate their personal ability to hear the opinions of other participants and try to bring them into their actions and proposals. Under these circumstances, it’s important to be set up for an «effective dialogue» to all parties to such interaction. They should strive to find compromises, to work out common visions on ways to solve problems, and to make a single joint decision that will take into account the interests of all, and in the future - to control its implementation. The conceptual approach to establishing interaction between the state and civil society institutions is analyzed. It is noted that during its introduction there are two main problems. First, there are no clear, accessible and well-developed channels of interaction between non-governmental organizations and the state. Therefore, the government should be obliged under the agreement not only to specify its priorities and goals of cooperation, but also to create clear and accessible channels of interaction. Secondly, if the methods of interaction are not developed enough, to ensure the real representation of the interests of communities will be impossible. Therefore, for example, the Welsh Treaty emphasizes the procedures that the state must take to ensure the possibility of a broad democratic representation of interests by non-governmental organizations. This includes, for example, the requirement to hold consultations with the sector on issues that may affect its interests. It also includes early warning of non-governmental organizations about possible policy changes and new developments, potential problems, as long as they are just emerging, providing sufficient time to conduct consultations, feedback on the outcome of consultations and opportunities for participation in policy implementation and evaluation. To effectively represent the interests of non-governmental organizations, all these issues need to be addressed (included in the treaty).

From accommodation to appropriation: teaching, identity, and authorship in a tightly coupled policy context

This article explores how one specially prepared, accomplished teacher managed dilemmas that arose as she worked to enact responsive language arts instruction with English Learners in a policy context that privileged high-stakes accountability and standardization. Drawing on sociocultural learning theory, the article illustrates how the teacher’s sense of self – who she ‘wanted to be’ – informed her engagement with educational policy. Ultimately, we argue that the teacher’s identity pressed her to engage in acts of appropriation and authorship vis-à-vis the policies and policy-related tools she was asked to implement. In making this argument, we theorize an agentive and dialectical relationship between teachers’ identities and their participation in policy implementation.

An Empirical Assessment of Participatory Governance Structures in Electricity Regulation

Despite burgeoning scholarly interest in multi-actor governance, we have limited empirical evidence about the way that stakeholder participation in policy implementation affects policy outcomes. Scholars have theorized that stakeholder involvement may influence policy outcomes by providing resources that improve agencies’ capability to implement policies, or acting as a political counterweight to dominant business interests in regulatory processes; alternately, stakeholders may simply legitimize agency decisions without affecting outcomes. This paper examines stakeholder involvement in state energy efficiency policy implementation from 2001-2010 and empirically tests the impact of different types of stakeholder participation on policy outcomes. The paper finds stakeholders have no effect on policy outcomes when their involvement is limited to information provision, but that when stakeholders are allowed to propose savings goals and programs early in the policy process, they have a significant and positive effect on policy outcomes.

The co-ordination for emergency medical service system in rural communities: a case study of Local Administrative Organisation, Muang district, Khon Kaen Province

Present paper is the study of the Emergency Medical Service System (EMSS) by the Local Administrative Organisation in Muang District, Khon Kaen province. The study aims to find the guideline...

‘Wrong parents’ and ‘right parents’: Shared perspectives about citizen participation in policy implementation

Government policies, both in Europe and the U.S., increasingly mandate that community-based citizens partner with professionals to plan and implement policy-relevant programs. In the U.S., parents of children with serious emotional disturbances may participate in Community Collaboratives which are charged with implementing children's mental health policy in local communities. This qualitative study examined three Community Collaboratives and identified organizational features associated with how the groups prioritized lay involvement, among other competing goals which they legitimately could pursue. Thirty-four key informants participated in in-depth interviews. Although the overall study identified several factors which permitted greater and lesser degrees of family involvement, this paper reports on one: the symbolic meaning shared by members about lay participation in their shared perspectives about "wrong parents" and "right parents." Furthermore, two alternate types of "right parents" identified a psychologized version of parents as consumers, and a civic vision of parents as partners. Results from this study are applicable to a wide array of lay-professional partnerships. This study suggests that in order to foster lay-professional partnerships in policy initiatives, lay participants must possess additional, civic-based skills, beyond those needed in the service delivery arena. Furthermore, organizational and professional change may be required to address professional dominance. Within mental health, lack of acceptance of nationally touted recovery-based models is a significant barrier. Finally, sociological implications of developing a civic-based framework for lay-professional partnerships are discussed.

Conflict Pattern Analysis: Preparing the Ground for Participation in Policy Implementation

The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency. But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies.

Making Implementation More Democratic through Action Implementation Research

Public administration scholars often associate increased public participation in policy implementation with the advancement of democratic values. Likewise, scholars engaged in the various forms of action research (AR) promote their efforts as a means to democratizing the research process or contributing to improved social outcomes. Despite these common interests in participation and democracy, there have been few attempts to apply AR methods to policy implementation problems. Drawing on Matland’s conflict-ambiguity matrix, we develop a framework for matching particular AR methods to specific policy implementation contexts.

The implementation of environment and natural resources policy in africa: Blending regulatory enforcement with community participation

This article examines recent African experience in environment and natural resources (ENR) policy implementation. The article identifies and analyzes trends in policy and program strategies that have led to an increasingly important role for grassroots participation in policy implementation. It delineates the benefits of this expanded grassroots role and traces the elements of new interorganizational approaches to participatory implementation. The argument is made that there is a mismatch between the current ENR policy agenda and the strategies designed to implement that agenda, and the organizations assigned implementation responsibility. The article concludes with a look at the key challenges to managing ENR implementation.