Participation In Meaningful Occupations Research Articles

Time use of patients in a secure forensic hospital: A mixed methods study.

Forensic mental health services balance recovery-focussed therapy with risk management, which may limit opportunities for participation in meaningful occupation. Previous research describes forensic patients in secure settings participating mainly in passive leisure and sleep. This study aimed to use quantitative and qualitative evidence to investigate how patients in the sub-acute and rehabilitation units of an Australian forensic hospital perceive and use their time and to discuss how the findings compare with the previous study within the organisation, published in 2004. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used with convenience sampling of patients and purposive sampling of staff. Patients completed time use diaries followed by semi-structured interviews. Staff perceptions were obtained via survey. Seven male patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and five staff members (three occupational therapists and two nurses) participated. Time use diaries indicated patients spent most time in personal care, passive recreation, and leisure activities. Qualitative data illustrated patient time use was influenced by the individualised meaningfulness of activities. Patients drew meaning from past roles, personal interests/needs, and their goals for recovery. While patients had some choice over how time is spent and with whom they chose to engage, external factors such as staff/program availability prevented their having full control. Staff provided additional perspectives on the links between time use and recovery, identifying enablers and barriers to meaningful time use. Patient time use has not changed significantly when compared to past research, although perceptions of time use are more future and recovery-focussed. The amount of time recorded in activities typically associated with recovery does not necessarily capture the quality and benefit of that time use. Patient participation continues to be influenced by broader systems.

Occupational Therapy’s Opportunity to Impact Care at the End of Life

Navigating and managing the end of life can be difficult. The focus of occupational therapy in care at the end of life is to aid the patient and caregiver through these challenges by facilitating improved safety, comfort, and quality of life through the participation in meaningful occupations. Despite the ways that occupational therapy benefits these patients, occupational therapy involvement in care at the end of life is misunderstood, under-researched, and underutilized. There is a general lack of awareness regarding this topic and a stigma that occupational therapy focuses only on rehabilitation and therefore does not belong in care at the end of life. To combat these issues, there needs to be additional education and training for all healthcare professionals, including occupational therapy practitioners, about occupational therapy’s role in care at the end of life. Occupational therapy professionals in this area of practice must strive to educate others and advocate for their role to improve the understanding of this practice area and thus positively impact more patients and families.

A comparison of the effects of occupation-based interventions with and without responsibility feedback and conventional interventions on participation in people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms which affect participation in meaningful occupations. Occupation-based interventions can improve participation in people with PD. Evidence for incorporating structured and intensive occupational therapy by considering the concept of responsibility is lacking for this population. This trial will compare the effects of occupation-based interventions with and without responsibility feedback and conventional interventions on participation in people with idiopathic PD.MethodsA total of 45 people with PD, between 35 and 85 years old and Hoehn and Yahr stages between I to III, will be recruited from movement disorder centers for this three-armed study. Participants will be randomized into three groups (occupation-based interventions with responsibility feedback, occupation-based interventions without responsibility feedback, and conventional interventions). All participants will receive intervention for 24 sessions during a period of 12 weeks (2 sessions per week). The primary outcome measure will be participation satisfaction. Participation frequency and restriction, self-perceived performance, performance satisfaction, motivation, volition, sense of agency, responsibility, physical activity, community integration, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, upper extremity function, balance, fatigue, and quality of life will be measured as secondary outcome measures. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, session 9, session 17, post-intervention (week 13), and follow-up (week 25).DiscussionThis home-based high-intensity, structured, client-centered, and occupation-based intervention will be conducted by utilizing the concept of responsibility. This proposed trial may result in enhanced participation that would benefit other motor and non-motor symptoms in people living with PD. Findings from this proposed study are expected to expand the knowledge of clinicians and help them in evidence-based decision-making processes.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20140304016830N13. Registered on August 19, 2022

Meaningful Occupation and Resilience among Older U.S. Veterans: A Mixed Methods Study

Background Research on the factors that promote the health of older veterans is limited. Purpose To explore the relationships between military service, occupational participation, resilience and successful aging for older U.S. military veterans. Method A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, a survey (n = 41) and follow-up interviews (n = 9). Findings Occupational participation was associated with resilience (r = 0.60, p < .01). Three integrated themes emerged: (1) staying engaged & connected, (2) relationship between occupation and resilience, and (3) positive impact of military service. Conclusion Findings help fill the gap in research identifying intervention targets for older veterans. KEY MESSAGES The meaningful occupational participation of older veterans has received little attention in previous literature and is an important area of focus with strong relevance for occupational therapy Occupational therapy practitioners can play an important role in promoting the healthy aging and resilience of this population through occupation-based interventions

Predictors of Participation Difficulties in Autistic Children.

Participation in meaningful occupations supports quality of life and health. Because quality of life is lower in autistic children than in children without this diagnosis, it is important to consider aspects contributing to the participation difficulties this population experiences. To identify predictors of participation difficulties in a large data set from autistic children to inform professionals about potential intervention targets. Retrospective cross-sectional design using a large data set with multivariate regression models for home life, friendships, classroom learning, and leisure activities. 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services data set. Parents or caregivers of 834 autistic children with co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) and 227 autistic children with no ID. The strongest participation predictors within the scope of occupational therapy practice were sensory processing, emotional regulation, behavioral variables, and social variables. Our results are consistent with those of smaller previous studies and indicate the importance of addressing these areas in occupational therapy intervention in line with client priorities. Focusing interventions with autistic children on sensory processing, emotional regulation, behavioral skills, and social skills to address their underlying neurological processing can support their increased participation in home life, friendships, classroom learning, and leisure activities. What This Article Adds: Our findings support a focus in occupational therapy interventions on sensory processing and social skills to increase activity participation in autistic children with and without ID. Emotional regulation and behavioral skills can be supported by interventions that target cognitive flexibility. Positionality Statement: This article uses the identity-first language autistic people. This nonableist language describes their strengths and abilities and is a conscious decision. This language is favored by autistic communities and self-advocates and has been adopted by health care professionals and researchers (Bottema-Beutel etal., 2021; Kenny etal., 2016).

Rural former service members participate in meaningful occupations to 'fill the void' after military service.

Over 50% of former service members report debilitating health conditions and difficulty adjusting to civilian life. Former service members living in rural areas are even more likely to experience poor health outcomes and have decreased access to specialist health-care services. Participation in meaningful occupations can support health and adjustment after military service. However, little is known about rural former service members' perspectives and experiences of participating in occupations after separating from military service. This study explored rural former service members' experiences of participating in occupations during their transition and their perceptions of how these experiences influenced their health and adjustment. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 rural former Australian Defence Force members discharged from service between 1 July 2013 and 1 July 2018. Former service members participated in a series of semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to determine themes for individual participants and then overarching themes that characterised the experiences of the group. A single overarching theme, 'It can't all be for nothing': Searching for ways to fill 'the void' through meaningful occupational participation, reflected rural former service members' experiences. The different ways that participants sought to fill 'the void' after military service were interpreted through two sub-themes: (1) 'You can't heal if you're still in a battlefield': Participating in occupations to re-establish safety and wellbeing, and (2) 'I was in a uniform and I could still do well': Participating in occupations to reconnect with self and continue the mission to serve. Rural former service members participated in various occupations to establish safety, wellbeing, and reconnection after transitioning from military service. The findings point to the need for further research to inform the development of consumer-led occupation-based interventions that are sensitive to individuals' service history, environmental context, and trauma recovery needs.

Barriers experienced by stroke survivors when participating in meaningful occupations in a rural and semirural community

INTRODUCTION: There are various personal and environmental factors that hinder the stroke survivors' participation in meaningful occupations within a rural and semi-rural community context. Thus, occupational therapists need to consider such barriers in order to provide holistic treatment AIM: This study intended to explore the barriers experienced by stroke survivors on their participation in meaningful occupations in a rural and semi-rural community METHOD: An explorative qualitative study was conducted, using a purposive sampling method to recruit participants at a public healthcare district hospital. Data were collected at the participants' homes using individual semi-structured interviews. The researcher made use of open-ended questions guided by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 3rd edition and the Person Environment Occupation Performance model FINDINGS: Four themes related to the barriers experienced by stroke survivors on their participation in meaningful occupations emerged: (i) physical barriers, (i) psychological barriers, (iii) financial and (iv) environmental barriers CONCLUSION: The barriers explored in this study compelled the stroke survivors to accept varying degrees of assistance from their caregivers. The findings of this study could assist occupational therapists to consider the factors that hinder the stroke survivors' participation in meaningful occupations in rural and semi-rural South African communities, and inform treatment aims that are relevant to the respective communities. If occupational therapists consider these barriers when planning treatment, this could assist with maximizing independence in all areas of stroke survivors' lives, lessening the burden of care on their caregivers and decreasing the patient load on clinical and community occupational therapists Implications for practice Stroke survivors dwelling in the semi-rural and rural community contexts experience barriers which are unique to such settings. Thus, occupational therapist should be aware of the differences of barriers experienced not only in the hospital setting, but in the community context that stroke survivors are reintegrated to. Such consideration could contribute to intervention focussed on the individual's specific needs with regard to participation in meaningful occupations within the semi-rural and rural contexts they reside in.

A scoping review of family-centered interventions in dementia care.

Families of persons living with dementia provide varying levels and forms of support to their loved ones and experience changes in familial dynamics, roles, and responsibilities over time. Family-centered care can enable their successful adaptation and participation in meaningful occupations. This scoping review aimed to explore available familycentered interventions for persons living with dementia, with a focus on occupational therapy. Three databases were searched and 31 eligible studies were found. Thirteen family-centered interventions were identified that were mostly multicomponent in nature, of which three involved occupational therapy. These interventions were investigated using a range of study designs and addressed outcomes related to the person with dementia, primary caregiver, and extended social network. With respect to study context, most interventions were developed in the United States and other Western countries with a limited number located in other contexts. The review findings underline the need for developing more family-centered interventions within occupational therapy, particularly for different contexts and cultures, and for translating available interventions to practice.

A Narrative Review of the Usage of Creative Solutions to Enhance Disabled Patients' Quality of Life and Wellbeing by Occupational Therapists.

Occupational therapists play a crucial role in the rehabilitation process, as they maximise patients' independence and participation in meaningful occupations by adopting creative solutions in their treatment plan. Recognizing the importance of creative work and incorporating it into daily activities can be a powerful technique for enhancing quality of life. As a result, OTs must comprehend the significance of using creativity on a daily basis with patients. Creativity has been implicit in occupational therapists' values and practices since the occupational therapy field's early days. In particular, OTs use meaningful activities to promote health, wellbeing, and independence, which have traditionally had a strong connection with creativity. Primarily, the OT uses practical exercise to create wellbeing and autonomy, which have had a healthy linkage with imagination. The OT has used creative exercise as a treatment technique since the beginning of the profession. In this paper, a Narrative Review Checklist was used to carry out specific checks of manuscripts' structures and a careful selection of the articles which are included in the manuscript. In addition, articles referenced in review articles or guidelines were reviewed for inclusion. Findings. This review has shown that the primary motivation for implementing creative activities was to improve the patient performance, wellbeing, and self-esteem. The goal of implementing creative activities was to assist the client in self-expression as well as experience joy and desire. As a result, the necessity to investigate the influence of creative solutions in treatment from an OT standpoint has been identified. Future studies should focus on how it is important to consider the patient's intrinsic and extrinsic motivations when designing creative solutions, as well as how the disability affects their daily activities, occupations, and adherence to a treatment plan.

Service and demographic factors, health, trauma exposure, and participation are associated with adjustment for former Australian Defense Force members

ABSTRACT Approximately 50% of transitioning service members report difficulty adjusting to civilian life. However, there is limited research exploring factors that influence adjustment for former Australian Defence Force (ADF) members. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic and service-related characteristics, trauma exposure, health, and participation in meaningful occupations on adjustment for former ADF members. One hundred and ninety-eight former ADF members completed a voluntary, online survey containing validated self-report measures for adjustment, health, and exposure to combat and military sexual trauma. Participation in meaningful occupations was assessed using open-ended questions and a rating scale for frequency of participation. A more difficult adjustment was reported by participants who had completed operational service, reported exposure to combat and/or military sexual trauma, had poor physical health and were discharged for medical reasons. Other characteristics associated with a difficult adjustment included emotional distress, involuntary discharge, age category 30–49 years, final rank of Senior Noncommissioned Officer/Warrant Officer or below, and discharge 6–8 years previously. Employment, voluntary work and care, and social and community interaction were associated with an easier adjustment. Screening tools that consider health, age, deployment type, final rank, type of discharge and exposure to combat or military sexual trauma may be helpful to identify and refer high risk individuals to employment, rehabilitation or transition support programs.

Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior in Parkinson's Disease: Most Frequently Avoided Activities.

Fear of falling avoidance behavior (FFAB) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objectives of the study are to determine what activities are most avoided due to FFAB among people with PD and whether any associations exist with demographic factors or fall history. Cross-sectional analysis of 174 individuals with PD using the Modified FFAB Questionnaire. Walking in dimly lit, unfamiliar places, and different surfaces, lifting and carrying objects, walking in crowded places, recreational/leisure activities, and going up/downstairs were most avoided. Fallers reported more FFAB (ps < .029). FFAB for certain activities was associated with increased or decreased odds of falling. Individuals with PD avoid walking in compromised situations and engaging in recreational/leisure activities due to FFAB. While excessive FFAB may increase the odds of falling, protective forms may be associated with decreased odds. Targeting FFAB among individuals with PD may increase safe participation in meaningful occupations in the home and community.

Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on the lifestyles of community-living adults in Singapore: A qualitative study.

IntroductionDisruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic have not only restricted people from performing occupations but also adversely affected their health and quality of life. However, the impact of the pandemic on Singaporean adults at different life stages remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on a range of community‐living age groups' occupations and sense of well‐being.MethodsCommunity‐living adults in Singapore were invited to participate in this qualitative descriptive study. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate themes and identify common patterns (e.g. impacts on different occupations) in different age groups.FindingsTwenty‐nine semi‐structured interviews (young adults: 10, middle‐aged adults: 10, older adults: 9) were conducted and thematically analysed, revealing three main themes: (1) impact on occupations, (2) impacts on personal well‐being, and (3) responses to COVID‐19 situation. Participants from all age groups experienced both positive and negative impacts across various occupations, such as productivity (work and study), leisure, and self‐care activities. Young and middle‐aged adults were less affected as they were more proficient in using technology to make adequate adaptations. Older adults were least equipped with coping strategies and thus the most compromised. In response to the impacts of the pandemic on occupations and well‐being, participants from different age groups adjusted differently (e.g. adopting a sedentary lifestyle and developing different coping strategies).ConclusionThis study identified the impacts of COVID‐19 on the daily occupations of Singaporean adults and how it is intricately linked with their well‐being. Findings also revealed the significant role of technology in adapting to the COVID‐19 situation. The younger Singaporean adults were more agile to make occupational changes and adaptations. More can be done by occupational therapists to assist community‐living older adults to enable continued participation in meaningful occupations during pandemics.

The Effect of the Empower SCI Program on Improving Occupational Performance for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Research Objectives To investigate if there would be increased autonomy and participation in meaningful occupations and positive perception of the program after attending Empower SCI and to investigate whether participation and autonomy improved in individual's daily lives after attending Empower SCI 2-week summer program. Design A retrospective cohort designed to evaluate participants’ experiences from the 2019 (in-person) or 2020 (virtual) Empower SCI program. Setting Community Based Setting on a University Campus both in-person and virtually (due to COVID-19 restrictions). Participants Summer 2019/2020- Participants recruited using convenience sampling from the 2019 cohort attended in person. 2020 cohort attended virtually. A total of 9 participants, 8 from the 2019 cohort 1 from 2020 cohort. Interventions The EmpowerSCI is a 2-week summer program of a 2nd chance at rehabilitation. Includes therapies, sports, education and socialization. The Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) Survey was administered and completed via REDcap. Participants were asked to complete survey with the mindset they had “before attending Empower SCI. During December 2020, the IPA was Administered by phone. Participants were asked to complete survey with the mindset they had “after attending Empower SCI” and were asked the face valid qualitative questions developed by the research team over the phone. Researchers imputed data on REDcap. Main Outcome Measures Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) Survey that is made up of 10 sub-scales- aimed at looking at one's independence and ability to complete everyday activities. Some examples include "Mobility and Getting Around", "Self-Care", "Leisure", "Work", "Education" and "Social Relationships". Qualitative Questions Results Mobility (Mean): 13.1→ 11.1 (p=0.044) Leisure (Mean): 4.8→ 4.3 (p=0.029) Concluding (Mean): 3.2→ 2.6 (p=0.048) Data showed improvement in each subsection (a decrease in IPA scores shows important). Conclusions Empower SCI led to significant improvements of participation and autonomy in: Mobility, and Leisure on the IPA. Improvements (although not significant) in: Getting around, self-care, work, helping others, managing money, and social participation. Qualitative data showed a positive impact of Empower SCI such as Increased confidence and comfort, more positive mindset, sense of community. Author(s) Disclosures N/A. To investigate if there would be increased autonomy and participation in meaningful occupations and positive perception of the program after attending Empower SCI and to investigate whether participation and autonomy improved in individual's daily lives after attending Empower SCI 2-week summer program. A retrospective cohort designed to evaluate participants’ experiences from the 2019 (in-person) or 2020 (virtual) Empower SCI program. Community Based Setting on a University Campus both in-person and virtually (due to COVID-19 restrictions). Summer 2019/2020- Participants recruited using convenience sampling from the 2019 cohort attended in person. 2020 cohort attended virtually. A total of 9 participants, 8 from the 2019 cohort 1 from 2020 cohort. The EmpowerSCI is a 2-week summer program of a 2nd chance at rehabilitation. Includes therapies, sports, education and socialization. The Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) Survey was administered and completed via REDcap. Participants were asked to complete survey with the mindset they had “before attending Empower SCI. During December 2020, the IPA was Administered by phone. Participants were asked to complete survey with the mindset they had “after attending Empower SCI” and were asked the face valid qualitative questions developed by the research team over the phone. Researchers imputed data on REDcap. Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) Survey that is made up of 10 sub-scales- aimed at looking at one's independence and ability to complete everyday activities. Some examples include "Mobility and Getting Around", "Self-Care", "Leisure", "Work", "Education" and "Social Relationships". Qualitative Questions Mobility (Mean): 13.1→ 11.1 (p=0.044) Leisure (Mean): 4.8→ 4.3 (p=0.029) Concluding (Mean): 3.2→ 2.6 (p=0.048) Data showed improvement in each subsection (a decrease in IPA scores shows important). Empower SCI led to significant improvements of participation and autonomy in:

How Occupational Therapists Address Psychosocial Aspects of Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Scoping Review

<h3>Objective(s)</h3> The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature examining occupational therapists' strategies in treating the psychosocial aspects of persons with upper extremity injuries. <h3>Data Sources</h3> The databases included in the search were PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, and SAGE. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Inclusion criteria: (a) had a sample of OT practitioners; (b) focused on upper extremity musculoskeletal diagnoses; (c) were recently published; (d) were peer-reviewed; (e) focused on psychosocial aspects of care; (f) were written in the English language. Exclusion criteria: (a) were not recently published; (b) were not peer-reviewed; (c) the sample included non-OT practitioners; (d) focused on neurological or deficits not considered musculoskeletal. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> The research team (composed of the two authors) followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) scoping review guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018) to search and analyze the literature systematically. We conducted separate searches for each of our keywords with "occupational therapy" AND "psychosocial", AND "upper extremity." We created a data extraction tool to assist in tracking the number of results, as well as the list of relevant articles. The data extraction tool included a spreadsheet with columns for the search syntax, database, and number of results. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> Several articles identified that psychosocial factors exist among this client population and that these factors should be addressed by occupational therapists. Seven articles met criteria for analysis by identifying assessments and treatment strategies that could be used. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although limited, there is evidence to support the benefits of addressing psychosocial factors with this population. Future research should identify assessments and interventions that are the most effective in treating these areas. Occupational therapists should view clients from a holistic perspective in order to address all factors that may hinder participation in meaningful occupations. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No funding was used in the completion of this review.

Effective interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to address participation for adults with aphasia: A systematic review

Introduction Occupational therapists work with clients with impaired communication to re-engage in valued occupations. This systematic review seeks to answer the question: What are effective interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to address participation for adults with aphasia? Method A systematic review of the literature was completed using PubMed, PsychInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and OT Seeker databases. Intervention studies within the scope of occupational therapy practice with a participation outcome, and published in peer reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019, were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings Thirteen articles fit the inclusion criteria. Categories of interventions that emerged from the data include community-based groups, individually tailored programs, adaptation/presentation of materials, interprofessional interventions, and psychoeducation. Conclusion There is evidence to support the use of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to increase participation for people with aphasia. Specifically, the use of community-based groups and adaptation of materials are effective to facilitate participation. Most of the studies were pre-post one group design; however, they demonstrated positive results for participation outcomes. More research is needed on people with aphasia that focuses on participation in meaningful occupations.

Sedentary Behavior, Quality of Life, and Occupational Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Aims Prolonged sedentary behaviors increase the risk for adverse health outcomes among older adults. This study explored the effects of participation in meaningful occupations on sedentary behavior, quality of life, and occupational performance among community-dwelling older adults. Methods This exploratory study utilized a one-group, pretest-posttest design using the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, RAND-SF 36, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Results Six community-dwelling older adults between the ages of 76 and 87 (M = 81.83, SD = 3.87) participated in this exploratory study. No significant difference was noted in sedentary behavior. Significant changes in physical function and role limitations were found. Change in occupational satisfaction and performance was significant among some participants. Engagement in meaningful occupations did not result in improved quality of life. Conclusions Occupation-based interventions may impact the perceived quality of life and occupational performance in community-dwelling older adults; however, further research is needed.

Participation in occupations, health and adjustment during the transition from military service: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Participation in meaningful occupations is central to health, well-being, and adjustment during the transition from military service. The aim of the present study was to identify what occupations transitioning Australian Defence Force members participate in for the purpose of improving their health and well-being. A secondary aim was to identify if participation in various occupations was associated with better self-reported health and/or adjustment outcomes. One hundred and ninety-eight former Australian Defence Force members discharged on or after January 1, 2004 responded to a cross-sectional survey measuring adjustment, physical and mental health, and participation in occupations. Occupations were coded using the Time Use Classification system developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. An easier adjustment was reported by former service members who participated in employment-related activities, domestic activities, voluntary work and care activities, and social and community interaction (MD = −0.63 to −0.45, d = .37 to .52). Participation in employment-related activities, social and community interaction, and sport and outdoor activity was associated with better physical health (MD = 3.20 to 3.73, d = .34 to .40). Participation in employment-related activities was also associated with better mental health (MD = −3.75, d = .54). This research indicates that participation in occupation is a factor that may be utilized with former service members to positively influence health and adjustment during military transitions. Given differences in participation and outcomes among different sub-groups, it is recommended that occupation-based programs be tailored to individual preferences and transition needs.

Occupational Reflection as Intervention in Inpatient Psychiatry.

The recovery model in mental health involves person-driven care and informed decision making to enhance engagement in meaningful activities and inclusion in society. To facilitate the recovery process, occupational therapy practitioners must support their clients in understanding how their participation in meaningful occupation is intimately related to their health and well-being. To explore whether engaging in an occupational reflection intervention on an inpatient psychiatric unit can support the recovery of adults living with serious mental illness (SMI). Using a phenomenological design, we conducted semistructured interviews to assess whether participation in an occupational reflection intervention supported recovery. An inpatient psychiatric unit at a university medical center. We recruited 10 adults living with SMI using purposive sampling. Participants engaged in a structured occupational reflection intervention using the Occupational Experience Profile (OEP). The OEP is a time-use diary that captures respondents' subjective experiences of pleasure, productivity, restoration, and connection in relation to their participation in occupations over 24 hr. Study participants engaged in collaborative analyses regarding their OEP results to explore their subjective experiences in relation to their occupational participation. Outcomes and Measures: Participant self-report during interviews. Engaging in structured reflection affected participants' experiences of recovery by promoting insight into and awareness of how occupations affect mental health, encouraging positive reframing of occupational experience, and facilitating identification of strategies to support recovery and meaningful participation after discharge. Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational reflection can promote the recovery of adults living with SMI. What This Article Adds: A structured occupational reflection intervention can help adults living with SMI in inpatient psychiatric units to understand the close relationship between their participation in occupations and their health. This process provides valuable insight to clients regarding how to support their recovery through engagement in meaningful occupation.

Environmental Modifications and Supports for Participation Among Adults Aging With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review.

Adults aging with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) continue to face barriers to participation in meaningful occupation; moreover, the increased life expectancy of adults with IDD intensifies the need for age- and environment-specific support. To map and categorize transdisciplinary literature on environmental modifications and supports for adults aging with IDD. Studies published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2019, identified through PubMed and Scopus. Study Selection and Data Collection: Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and contained information specific to occupational participation based on environmental modification (e.g., physical space, technology, universal design, type of living setting), social supports (e.g., family members, caretakers, peer groups, health care professionals, policies, organizational infrastructure), or both and adults age ≥35 yr with IDD. Eleven studies met the criteria for this scoping review. Thematic coding was used to examine the articles within one or more themes: definition of need, environmental risk and assessment, environmental setting, intervention and program planning, use of technology, and bureaucracy. This review highlights collective and individual outcomes in the areas of assessment, intervention, and advocacy. Further research is needed within the scope of occupational therapy and disability studies that examines environmental factors and participation outcomes in this population. What This Article Adds: The authors define the interconnectedness of adults aging with IDD and environmental factors, identify barriers to participation, and guide occupational therapy practitioners' logic on how to positively affect environmental change and supports through intervention.

Addressing Phantom Pain Through Occupational Participation: A Qualitative Study of Support Group Participants.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the adaptation process of support group participants who are survivors of lower limb amputation (LLA) experiencing phantom limb pain (PLP). The study followed a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. Ten adult participants with LLA met inclusion criteria and through semi-structured interviews shared their lived experience. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used to analyze the data collected from interview transcriptions. Analysis involved coding and theme development. Three themes emerged: PLP interrupted but does not prevent participation, adapting to PLP allowed for continued participation in meaningful occupations, and education to promote self-management of PLP. Themes identified highlight the importance of social support and early education on PLP to facilitate the adaption process and promote occupational participation. The finding underscores the value of empowering survivors to self-manage pain through their own personal and unique ways.