Participation In Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Teenage predictors of participation of adults with cerebral palsy in domestic life and interpersonal relationships: A 13-year follow-up study

BackgroundAdults with cerebral palsy (CP) may experience problems with participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships. AimsTo identify teenage predictors of adult participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships. Methods and proceduresThis 13-year follow-up of the PERRIN 16-24 cohort included 53 adults with CP without intellectual disability [current age 31.7 (SD = 1.4) years]. Participation performance was assessed as attendance (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), and difficulty/assistance with participation (Life Habits questionnaire). 56 teenage factors were categorized in ICF components. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses explored predictors of participation. Outcomes and resultsLower gross motor capacity, following special education, having protective parents and a rigid personality predicted less participation in domestic life. Having rejective parents, receiving little daily support, having a socially avoidant personality or coping style and the male gender predicted less participation in interpersonal relationships. Lower activity and participation levels as a teenager predicted less participation in both domestic life and interpersonal relationships of adults with CP. Conclusions and implicationsEnvironmental and personal factors, gross motor capacity and teenage participation were predictors of participation of adults with CP. These factors help identify subgroups at risk for suboptimal adult participation and provide targets for rehabilitation.

Childhood factors predict participation of young adults with cerebral palsy in domestic life and interpersonal relationships: a prospective cohort study

Purpose: To determine childhood predictors of participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).Materials and methods: This 13-year follow-up of an existing cohort (baseline age 9–13 years) included 67 young adults with CP (age 21–27 years). The Vineland adaptive behavior scales (VABS) and Life Habits questionnaire were used to assess attendance and difficulty in participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships. Baseline factors were categorised according to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses determined significant predictors (p < 0.05).Results: Lower manual ability, intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy and lower motor capacity predicted decreased future participation in domestic life, and/or interpersonal relationships (explained variance R2 = 67–87%), whereas no association was found with environmental and personal factors. Extending models with baseline fine motor skills, communication, and interpersonal relationships increased R2 to 79–90%.Conclusions: Childhood factors account for 79–90% of the variation in young adult participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships of individuals with CP. Children with limited motor capacity, low manual ability, ID, or epilepsy are at risk for restrictions in participation in young adulthood. Addressing fine motor, communication, and social skills in paediatric rehabilitation might promote young adult participation.Implications for rehabilitationChildhood risk factors for limited participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships as a young adult with CP are ID, epilepsy, low manual ability, low motor capacity, and low activity & participation levels.In line with current practice, this study confirms the importance of addressing gross and fine motor skills in children with CP for their future participation in domestic life.In addition, results suggest that addressing communication and social skills during paediatric rehabilitation may optimise future participation in interpersonal relationships.

Socially differentiated life trajectories of individuals with experience of psychosis: A biographical study

The role of social factors in the development and course of psychotic disorders has been increasingly acknowledged in recent decades. The present study examines the role of social, family and environmental factors in shaping biographical trajectories of people experiencing psychosis. Biographical interviews were conducted with 27 individuals with experience and diagnosis of psychotic disorders, in several locations in Greece. The narratives were subjected to biographical analysis, culminating in the formation of five biographical types, characterized by stigma, chronicity, marginalization, suffering and defiance. Early recognition and community management of distress were found to distinguish participants with more favorable therapeutic itineraries. Availability of community mental health services, access to empowering popular and professional discourses and participation in interpersonal relationships and social networks seem to exercise positive influence, while internalized social stigma, possibly related to primary socialization in restrictive familial environments, and lack of access to resources can be detrimental.

Electronic word of mouth in the Taiwanese social networking community: participation factors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among cognitive-based trust, affect-based trust, sense of belonging, self-image congruity, perceived community-brand similarity, and information intention by applying the uses and gratification (U&G) theory and the dual mediating hypothesis in the context of Taiwanese social networking brand sites.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses specific metrics to measure construct items. The respondents have used or currently use the Facebook Apple fan page for more than three months. This study conducts the online survey of mySurvey through the website and provides respondents with convenience store coupon rewards to increase the response rate. This study collects 500 samples with 381 valid samples and uses a structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe effects of cognitive-based trust on psychological factors are higher than the effects of affect-based trust on psychological factors. In addition, cognitive-based trust has the largest effect on perceived community-brand similarity as well as on self-image congruity. Hence, cognitive-based trust is far a more important factor than affect-based trust for the effects on psychological factors. Self-image congruity has significant and positive effects on the intention to give, obtain, and pass information. Self-image congruity has the largest effect on the intention to pass information as well as on the intention to obtain information, but sense of belonging has the largest effect on the intention to give information. The effects of perceived community-brand similarity on the intention to give information and the intention to obtain information are significant yet mild.Practical implicationsSNS members are eager to participate in e-word-of-mouth (e-WOM) activities via affection and social interaction, care for each other, and a feeling of concern. SNS managers should focus on members’ interaction content and processes to foster long-term relationships and create value propositions. Managers should use innovative online platforms to maintain communication and interaction in order to: provide cognitive trust among members; acquire members’ trust; retain members; and enhance members’ connectivity. SNS managers must increase members’ psychological connection, utilize cognitive-/affect-based trust, and attract brand devotion for common interests.Social implicationsIn terms of the SNS members’ interaction and participation in interpersonal relationships, psychological perspectives can generate long-term reliance and sense of belonging. The willingness to exchange information and the involvement of continuous participation can affect the e-WOM behavior of giving and passing information. Brand fan page members are more willing to engage in e-WOM intentions when they have a higher self-image congruity and sense of belonging.Originality/valueThis study adopts the tricomponent attitude model to examine the relationship among cognition, affection, and behavioral intentions of community members between individuals and groups.

Exploring sibling attitudes towards participation when the younger sibling has a severe speech and language disability

Background . Typically developing children who have a younger sibling with a disability often feel inadequately supported and excluded from family interactions. However, early intervention programmes often use family activities and routines as intervention settings. Siblings’ negative attitudes towards participation in such activities may therefore hamper intercession efforts. Objective . To determine the attitudes of typically developing children toward their younger siblings with severe speech and language disabilities in four everyday life situations identified by the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version, namely communication, domestic life, interpersonal interaction and relationships, and major life areas. Methods . An adapted structured interview format was used to determine the attitude of the 27 participants, 6- to 10-year-old typically developing South Africans. Results . Typically developing peers were most positive towards participation in play activities with their sibling with a disability. They were also positive towards participation in household tasks. They were less positive towards communication participation and least positive about participation in interpersonal relationships. A significant difference between certain components of attitudes was reported for three of the four domains. Conclusion . The attitudes of typically developing children are generally positive towards participating with their younger siblings with severe speech and language disabilities. These results can be used to select activities for activity-based interventions and to guide interventions aimed at supporting the siblings of children with disabilities.

Exploring sibling attitudes towards participation when the younger sibling has a severe speech and language disability

Background. Typically developing children who have a younger sibling with a disability often feel inadequately supported and excluded from family interactions. However, early intervention programmes often use family activities and routines as intervention settings. Siblings’ negative attitudes towards participation in such activities may therefore hamper intercession efforts. Objective. To determine the attitudes of typically developing children toward their younger siblings with severe speech and language disabilities in four everyday life situations identified by the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version, namely communication, domestic life, interpersonal interaction and relationships, and major life areas. Methods. An adapted structured interview format was used to determine the attitude of the 27 participants, 6- to 10-year-old typically developing South Africans. Results. Typically developing peers were most positive towards participation in play activities with their sibling with a disability. They were also positive towards participation in household tasks. They were less positive towards communication participation and least positive about participation in interpersonal relationships. A significant difference between certain components of attitudes was reported for three of the four domains. Conclusion. The attitudes of typically developing children are generally positive towards participating with their younger siblings with severe speech and language disabilities. These results can be used to select activities for activity-based interventions and to guide interventions aimed at supporting the siblings of children with disabilities.

Modification of the Reactive Attitudes

AbstractIn ‘Freedom and Resentment’ P. F. Strawson argues that reactive attitudes like resentment and indignation cannot be eliminated altogether, because doing so would involve exiting interpersonal relationships altogether. I describe an alternative to resentment: a form of moral sadness about wrongdoing that, I argue, preserves our participation in interpersonal relationships. Substituting this moral sadness for resentment and indignation would amount to a deep and far‐reaching change in the way we relate to each other – while keeping in place the interpersonal relationships, which, Strawson rightfully believes, cannot be eliminated.

Cheating is the Name of the Game - Conventional Cheating Arguments Fail to Articulate Moral Responses to Doping

Abstract One of the most common arguments in the discussion on doping is that it represents a form of cheating. In this paper it is argued that common doping-is-cheating arguments based on notions of rule-violation and unfair advantage are inadequate, since they treat cheating as distinct from the structure and the logic of competitive sport. An alternative approach to cheating in sport as regards performance enhancement will be offered based on the ethics of participation in interpersonal relationships. This participatory perspective points towards the need to broaden our conception of agency and moral responsibility in relation to doping, beyond the notion of the individual “drug-cheat” who acts in a vacuum.

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

With its hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and cognitive deficits, schizophrenia affects the most basic human processes of perception, emotion, and judgment. Evidence increasingly suggests that schizophrenia is a subtle disorder of brain development and plasticity. Genetic studies are beginning to identify proteins of candidate genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, including dysbindin, neuregulin 1, DAOA, COMT, and DISC1, and neurobiological studies of the normal and variant forms of these genes are now well justified. We suggest that DISC1 may offer especially valuable insights. Mechanistic studies of the properties of these candidate genes and their protein products should clarify the molecular, cellular, and systems-level pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This can help redefine the schizophrenia phenotype and shed light on the relationship between schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders. Understanding these basic pathologic processes may yield novel targets for the development of more effective treatments.