Participation In Exchange Programs Research Articles

Innovation of Tri Hita Karana Yoga Model in Improving Mental Well-being of Independent Student Exchange Program Participants

Innovation of Tri Hita Karana Yoga Model in Improving Mental Well-being of Independent Student Exchange Program Participants

Culture Shock Dan Adaptasi Studi Fenomenologi Pada Peserta Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka Batch 3 Di Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of culture shock and adaptation experienced by participants in the Merdek Batch 3 Student Exchange Program at Ganesha University of Education. The method used in this research is a phenomenological approach, which provides space for participants to describe their experiences in depth and subjectively. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with exchange program participants, which were then analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The results of this research show that exchange program participants experience various stages in their adaptation process, starting from the initial culture shock to finally being able to adapt to the new environment. In addition, this research also identifies factors that influence the participants' adaptation process, such as differences in language, system education, cultural values, and social differences. These findings provide valuable insight for universities and other educational institutions in providing effective support for student exchange program participants. This research is expected to provide a better understanding of the culture shock experience and adaptation of student exchange program participants, as well as provide recommendations for educational institutions to improve their exchange programs.

The Perceived Role of Withdrawal in Maintaining Opioid Addiction among Adults with Untreated Opioid Use Disorder: A Survey of Syringe Exchange Program Participants

Background: Withdrawal is believed to play a central role in the brain disease model of addiction. However, little research describes withdrawal-motives among untreated individuals in community settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed syringe exchange program participants (n = 139) with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) in Columbus, Ohio from January 10th to March 25th, 2023, to assess their perceptions of the role of withdrawal in OUD maintenance, treatment delay, and OUD’s refractoriness to buprenorphine. Participants responded to a survey including DSM-5 OUD criteria, demographics, and questions about substance use and opioid withdrawal. Participant ages ranged from 21 to 65 years with a mean age of 37.5 years and standard deviation of 8.1. The racial distribution of the sample was as follows: 81% White/Caucasian, 12% Black/African American, 3% Native American or Alaskan Native. Results: Sixty-six percent of participants agreed, or strongly agreed that opioid withdrawal was “the most important reason” they had been unable to stop using opioids. Almost seventy-one percent agreed, or strongly agreed that worry about opioid withdrawal had caused them to “put off or delay” OUD treatment. Although all participants had active, untreated OUD at the time of recruitment, most (85%) had previously tried buprenorphine, and the majority (78%) reported having experienced buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal. Conclusions: Among this community sample of individuals with untreated OUD, withdrawal was perceived to have an important role in maintaining OUD, including by motivating OUD treatment delay. Prior buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal was common, suggesting aversion to withdrawal might possibly be associated with OUD’s refractoriness to buprenorphine.

Bölgesel ve Küresel Ortaklık ve İşbirlikleri Çerçevesinde Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrenci ve Öğretim Görevlilerinin Değişim Programlarına Katılımının İncelenmesi

International partnerships and global collaborations in the framework of foreign students and foreign faculty members in this study which examined the status of their participation in student and faculty exchange programs, foreign students and professors in question, as well as exchange programmes of students and lecturers who went from our country and abroad in the conditions of participation have been analysed. In this sense, participation in exchange programs is not only an academic-oriented initiative, but also a cultural activity. Due to the lack of laboratories and equipment, scientists who cannot conduct research and work with their own means in their institutions and countries are given the opportunity to conduct research and work in the laboratories of other institutions and countries. Key Words: Partnerships and Collaborations, Foreign Students and Lecturers

Зарубежный опыт подготовки специалистов для наукоемких технологий

We analyze the foreign experience of training specialists for science and high technologies on the example of leading universities in China: Hong Kong Polytechnic University (China), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (China). We study educational programs, features of their development management in the context of innovation and promotion of advanced technologies. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that as a result of generalization of scientific and pedagogical experience, for the first time, conceptual approaches to the development of the science city university as an innovative scientific and educational platform – professional self-determination of future scholars will be identified and substantiated. As a result, conceptual ap-proaches to the successful development of science cities are identified: the university should have its own base for research, a high level of technical development; training is focused on internation-al programs, norms, requirements; student research is supervised by academic and industry ex-perts; internship and approbation in industries, the possibility of training in foreign educational in-stitutions; participation in exchange programs, mentoring, student competitions; support from federal, regional and local authorities, grant support; consolidation of large and small technology companies into clusters. The practical significance lies in the fact that technologies and methods of training young researchers for breakthrough technologies will be built on the basis of the identified conceptual approaches.

Does Gender Matter? Student Mobility in Georgia. A Case Study

While integration into the European Union is one of the priorities of Georgia, internationalization of higher educational institutions and international student mobility is of a particular importance. The present paper serves exactly this purpose and outlines the preliminary assumption that gender stereotypes, cultural aspects and family traditions have a negative impact on students’ equal access to student exchange programs in Georgia. Although female students are more involved into international student exchange programs, they are at the same time facing bigger obstacles to do so. The mentioned problem refers mainly to females who cannot decide the issue of their participation in exchange programs alone, without their family’s involvement. The study revealed that the participation of female students in exchange programs especially increases year by year, while only a slight increase of the number of male students is demonstrated. The mentioned finding is in absolute coincidence with the events in Europe, where female participation has exceeded male participation long ago. In the light of the fact that this issue has never been studied before, the present paper may somewhat complement the gap in literature or build a foundation for the research in this field, as it discusses the individual factors of refusal to participate in exchange programs by female students, as well as interruptive and hindering circumstances, which in most cases come from family.
 Keywords: student mobility, higher education, gender, Georgia

Exploring the Relationship Between Education and Tourism: A Case Study of Erasmus Students at the University of Economics - Varna

International travels motivated by participation in exchange programs, form a significant part of the dynamically developing market for tourist products and services. The combination of studying abroad with the choice of tourist destination is a common practice among students around the world. The aim of the current study is to establish the relationship between study abroad programs and tourism during the stay in the chosen destination, through a case study of Erasmus students at the University of Economics – Varna. For the purpose of the study a survey had been conducted among representatives of international Erasmus students in UE-Varna. The results showed that the relationship between education and tourism is more likely to intensify within and outside the country. In the context of follow-up studies, the results could be adapted to identify the potential economic contribution of the Erasmus programme to the tourism development in the destination.

A comprehensive reproductive health needs assessment for syringe exchange program participants

Objectives: We aimed to describe the reproductive health needs of female participants in Hawaii’s syringe-exchange program.

INTERCÂMBIOS CULTURAIS E A FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA DE ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE SECRETARIADO EXECUTIVO TRILÍNGUE DA UFV

The present study analyzed the relationship between participation in exchange programs and academic training of the students of class of 2007 of the Trilingual Executive Secretary Program of the Federal University of Vicosa (UFV). This is a case study that aimed to discuss the importance of this experience in complementing academic training, as well as the main objectives that these students had when deciding to undergo exchange programs, besides identifying the skills developed during the program which are related to executive secretarial professionals. It was identified the programs undertaken by these students and the positives and negatives points of this international experience, as well as the influence that it had on the employability of these students. Through data analysis, it was found that the exchange program is an extracurricular activity that acts positively on the training of future professionals, since, through this, students develop skills required by today's job market, such as fluency in another language, flexibility, teamwork and knowledge of other cultures. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabela normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;}

Transition to injecting 3,4-methylene-dioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) among needle exchange program participants in Hungary

In 2011, anecdotal data indicated that 3,4-methylene-dioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) might become popular among needle exchange program (NEP) clients in Hungary as a possible substitute for formerly used substances such as amphetamines and heroin. The aim of the study reported here was to examine how the emergence of MDPV influenced the choice of the injecting substance among NEP clients. A total of 183 injecting drug users (IDUs) participating in the largest NEP in Budapest agreed to participate in the study and report on their drug use habits. During 2011, remarkable changes occurred in the structure of the primary injected substances. Amphetamine was cited as the primary injected substance by 45.9% of the respondents and MDPV by 48.1%. Close to half of the former amphetamine injectors had switched to MDPV (64 persons, 45.1%) as had 10 (41.7%) of the former heroin injectors and 11 (78.6%) of those using other substances (cocaine and mephedrone). The appearance of MDPV on the illegal drug market had a substantial effect on the drug use patterns of the IDU population. Further research should be conducted to explain the changes, that might include the purity, price and availability of amphetamine and heroin.

Master für Alle?

In the course of the Bologna process, the German system of higher education was significantly restructured by introducing bachelor and master degrees. Although a selection of the best bachelor graduates to enter master programs was intended the transition rates are at a very high level in general. This study focuses for the first time in detail on the transition behavior of nearly 700 bachelor graduates of a German university. Several hypotheses on social selection processes and on the role of gender are tested. Approximately three of four bachelor graduates enter a master program directly after completing their bachelor degree. Multivariate analyses confirm that the educational background of the graduates is influential: There is a nine percentage point difference in the transition rates of graduates from a lower educational family background compared to graduates with at least one parent with a university degree. Primary effects of social background as differences in grades are not detected, however there is evidence that graduates from a lower educational family background do not acquire additional elements of qualification as participation in exchange programs with universities abroad and internships closely related to their field of study. The lower transition of female graduates is completely explained by sex segregation of fields of study.

The syringe gap: an assessment of sterile syringe need and acquisition among syringe exchange program participants in New York City.

BackgroundProgrammatic data from New York City syringe exchange programs suggest that many clients visit the programs infrequently and take few syringes per transaction, while separate survey data from individuals using these programs indicate that frequent injecting – at least daily – is common. Together, these data suggest a possible "syringe gap" between the number of injections performed by users and the number of syringes they are receiving from programs for those injections.MethodsWe surveyed a convenience sample of 478 injecting drug users in New York City at syringe exchange programs to determine whether program syringe coverage was adequate to support safer injecting practices in this group.ResultsRespondents reported injecting a median of 60 times per month, visiting the syringe exchange program a median of 4 times per month, and obtaining a median of 10 syringes per transaction; more than one in four reported reusing syringes. Fifty-four percent of participants reported receiving fewer syringes than their number of injections per month. Receiving an inadequate number of syringes was more frequently reported by younger and homeless injectors, and by those who reported public injecting in the past month.ConclusionTo improve syringe coverage and reduce syringe sharing, programs should target younger and homeless drug users, adopt non-restrictive syringe uptake policies, and establish better relationships with law enforcement and homeless services. The potential for safe injecting facilities should be explored, to address the prevalence of public injecting and resolve the 'syringe gap' for injecting drug users.

Psychiatric Comorbidity Is Associated With Drug Use and HIV Risk in Syringe Exchange Participants

The present study evaluated the effects of psychiatric comorbidity on substance use disorder prevalence, HIV risk behavior, and other problem severity in male and female out-of-treatment injection drug users newly registered at a syringe exchange program. Participants (N = 338) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, the Addiction Severity Index, and the Risk Assessment Battery, and classified into one of four diagnostic groups: (1) no antisocial personality disorder (APD) or Axis I psychiatric disorder (N = 162), (2) APD only (N = 74), (3) Axis I psychiatric disorder only (N = 55), or (4) APD plus Axis I psychiatric disorder (N = 47). Psychiatric comorbidity was associated with higher rates of substance use disorder and more HIV risk and other problem severity. In general, participants with both APD and an Axis I disorder exhibited the most problem severity. APD was uniquely associated with higher prevalence for each substance use disorder assessed in this study and with elevated HIV risk. These results support and extend studies conducted with opioid-dependent individuals recruited from treatment and community settings, and reinforce the need to develop interventions to encourage syringe exchange program participants to enroll in treatment.

Are student exchange programs worth it?

The number of university students participating in exchange programs has risen sharply over the last decade. A survey of Swiss university graduates (classes of 1999 and 2001) shows that participation in student exchange programs depends significantly on the socio-economic background of students. We further analyze whether the participants benefit from additional advantages caused by these exchange programs. Analyses show that student exchange programs are associated with higher starting salaries and a higher likelihood of opting for postgraduate degrees. Analyses using instrumental variable estimations (IV), however, show that these outcomes are not causally related to participation in exchange programs.

Are Student Exchange Programs Worth it?

The number of university students participating in exchange programs has risen sharply over the last decade, but a survey of Swiss university graduates (class of 1999 and 2001) shows that participation in student exchange programs significantly prolongs the period of time spent studying at university. Given this fact, the advantages of exchange programs for students need to be identified. Analyses show that student exchange programs are associated with higher starting salaries and an increased likelihood of opting for postgraduate study - but only if all exchange semesters are factored in, not just those accredited by the university of matriculation. Using instrumental variable estimations (IV), however, shows that the cited outcomes are not causally related to participation in exchange programs. Therefore the big question is: Where's the benefit that justifies having to study for almost a whole year longer?

Use of audio computer-assisted self-interviews to assess tuberculosis-related risk behaviors.

The objective of this study was to compare self-reported tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors obtained from computer-assisted questionnaires and interviewer-assisted questionnaires among participants of a needle exchange program. Between June 1998 and May 1999, needle exchange program participants requesting tuberculosis screening underwent interviews regarding demographics and risk factors for tuberculosis and HIV infection. The first 190 participants underwent traditional interviewer-assisted questionnaires, whereas the remaining 92 underwent computer-assisted questionnaires. Data were analyzed by interview technique using odds ratios (OR) and multiple logistic regression. Among 282 participants, demographic characteristics, health status, HIV serostatus, visits to homeless shelters, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking were all similar by interview technique. However, respondents receiving computer-assisted questionnaires were more likely than those receiving interviewer-assisted questionnaires to report smoking marijuana (OR = 5.56), crack (OR = 1.88), and heroin (OR = 2.60); as well as sharing cocaine smoking equipment (OR = 4.49), sharing heroin smoking equipment (OR = 2.85), "shotgunning" (OR = 4.48), and visiting crack houses (OR = 4.39). In the final multivariate model, respondents receiving computer-assisted questionnaires were more likely to report "shotgunning" and visiting a crack house relative to respondents receiving interviewer-assisted questionnaires. In conclusion, increased odds of high-risk behaviors for tuberculosis and HIV infection among computer-assisted questionnaire respondents support the use of computer-assisted questionnaires to ascertain risk behavior data for both tuberculosis and HIV. tuberculosis; HIV; self-report; drug use; computer-assisted

Correlates of enrollment in methadone maintenance treatment programs differ by HIV-serostatus.

To identify correlates of enrollment in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTP) among a prospective cohort of injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, Maryland. A total of 1480 IDUs undergoing semi-annual HIV tests and interviews were studied between 1994 and 1998, during which time a needle exchange program was introduced. Longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations was used to identify correlates of MMTP participation over time. Although similar proportions of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative IDUs enrolled in MMTP during follow-up (26 versus 22%, respectively), correlates of enrollment differed by HIV-serostatus. Among HIV-seropositive participants, older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR, 1.37)] was associated with enrollment in MMTP. Among HIV-seronegative IDUs, factors associated with not enrolling in MMTP were being African American (AOR, 0.22) and having been recently incarcerated (AOR, 0.62) or homeless (AOR, 0.72). In both groups, females were twice as likely to be enrolled in MMTP, and those with Medicaid were 1.5 times more likely to be enrolled. When behavioral factors were lagged one visit, needle exchange program attendance was positively associated with MMTP enrollment among HIV-negative IDUs (AOR, 2.10); however, this association diminished significantly over time as dedicated treatment slots for needle exchange program participants became saturated. These findings underscore the need to improve access to MMTP, especially to certain subgroups such as African-Americans, the homeless, incarcerated and uninsured. Our data suggest that health care providers and needle exchange programs can facilitate enrollment into MMTP provided that adequate treatment slots are consistently available to this particularly vulnerable population.