Participation In Economic Activities Research Articles

Effects of Middle-Aged Women’s Demographics, Health Behav-ior, And Health Status on Health-Related Quality of Life by Economic Activity Participation: Panel Evidence from Korea

Background: Middle-aged women have lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than men, and women's participation in economic activities is an important issue. In this study, the middle-aged female population was classified by economic activity participation to explore HRQoL and to identify related factors. Methods: We obtained data from the 2017 Korea Health Panel Survey (N = 1857 women aged 50–64 years), analyzed with chi-squared tests, t-tests, analyses of variance, and multiple regression analyses. HRQoL was measured with the Euro QoL-5 Dimensions index, and four demographic factors, four health behavior factors, and ten health status factors were entered. Results: HRQoL was lower in the economically inactive group compared to the active group. Education, physical activity, chronic disease, vision problem, dental problem, activity restriction, frustration, and anxiety were associated with HRQoL in both groups. Spouse and household income were additional predictors identified only in the economically inactive group, and the 10 factors explained 36.0% of the variance. In the economically active group, drinking, sleeping time, hearing problem, stress, and depression were additional predictors identified, and the 13 factors explained 23.0% of the variance. Conclusion: Healthcare providers should consider both common predictors between economically active and inactive middle-aged women as well as predictors that were unique to each group to improve their HRQoL.

Can men unburden women from unpaid care work? Evidence from Burundi.

Abstract Background: Understanding gender inequalities in agriculture is essential for women's economic empowerment, especially in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa where agriculture is the mainstay of countries' economies. Despite women's significant contributions to agricultural production, gender disparities persist, particularly when it comes to access to resources. Women also undertake unpaid care work, which remains unrecognized in public policies. This paper explores the factors that encourage men to participate in unpaid care work, thereby supporting women and reducing the opportunity cost of their engagement in economic activities. Methods: Data collected from a random sample of 946 farm families across eight provinces in Burundi is analyzed. Additionally, insights from a Rapid Care Analysis are integrated with this dataset. Using a logit model, we analyze the factors that influence the likelihood of men engaging in unpaid care work. Results: Our findings reveal that, on average, women in Burundi work 13 hours per day, with 7 hours allocated to productive/market work and 6 hours to unpaid care work. In contrast, men spend 7 hours on productive/market work without dedicating any time to care work. The results of the logit regression underscore factors such as education level, participation in plant clinics, income level, and household size positively influence the likelihood of men engaging in unpaid care work. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we advocate for improved access to education and the expansion of programs that integrate components aimed at addressing gender disparities. These initiatives hold the potential to foster greater male involvement in unpaid care work, thereby alleviating the burden on women and facilitating their increased participation in economic activities.

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCLUSIVE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

The article examines the modern determinants of the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine, which are determined by a complex of specific factors that affect the process of integration of people from socially vulnerable population groups. It has been proven that one of the key components of the inclusive labor market are socio-economic conditions that form the foundation for the development of an inclusive economy. It was determined that the degree of economic development, the level of unemployment and the availability of financial resources directly affect the formation of an inclusive labor market. In addition, an important role in the formation of an inclusive environment is also played by legal regulation, including the interaction of national public administration bodies with the international labor organization. It has been proven that normative acts aimed at protecting the rights of socially vulnerable persons create the necessary conditions for their active participation in economic activity on the labor market. It was determined that the development and improvement of such normative legal acts is a strategic task for ensuring the sustainable development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine. Socio-cultural factors that determine society's attitude towards socially vulnerable persons and shape openness and tolerance in the working environment are considered. It was determined that an effective policy of differentiation and acceptance of diversity can contribute to the creation of a positive climate for inclusive employment, promoting the development of diverse talents and skills among employees in order to strengthen the relevance of their qualifications to the demands of employers. It has been proven that educational opportunities for persons with disabilities play a key role in their integration into the inclusive labor market. It was found that the system of providing high-quality education and professional training, as well as the implementation of special support programs in general, contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of this group of workers in the labor market. It was determined that organizational aspects, such as the creation of specialized employment centers, functional support of enterprises that implement inclusive practices, as well as the development of corporate responsibility, contribute to the effective solution of the problems of integration of socially vulnerable persons in the field of work. It is proved that all the mentioned determinants are closely interrelated and interact with each other, forming a complex system of factors that influence the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine.

Economic Impact of Covid 19 on Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan

The primary aim of this study was to explore the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on developing nations, with a specific focus on Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. To accurately portray the pandemic's impact on these economies, our research employed a model incorporating fixed effects. The findings revealed a notable decline in the per capita income of the countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing economic downturn can be attributed to various factors, with a significant contributor being the reduced availability of labor. The prevalence of illnesses and adherence to public health guidelines led to a noticeable shortage of labor for active participation in economic activities. As a consequence, there was a decline in both productivity and economic output. Moreover, our analysis yielded a thought-provoking finding: a notable increase in fatalities had a discernible effect on the populace. The population experienced a significant decline as a result of the fatalities caused by the pandemic, an event that had complex economic ramifications. This decline in population paradoxically resulted in a rise in GDP per capita. By employing a fixed effects model, our research gains greater resilience, rendering it a valuable asset for policymakers, economists, and scholars endeavoring to navigate the intricate landscape of the effects of pandemics on emerging economies. In summary, the findings of this research stand to make a significant contribution to the wider comprehension of the repercussions of COVID-19 on these particular countries.

Women MSME’s and Proverty

Women participation in economic activities is often limited by social norms, especially in Indonesians majority societies. Nevertheless, the burden of poverty is forced many women to work in several jobs. This paper aims to investigate and discuss discuss female entrepreneur challenge in poverty reduction This research is using qualitative method to collect and analyze the data through interview, FGD, and direct observation. Respondents were chosen by purposive sampling, while key informants were chosen by snowball technique. The results show that the main challaneg of Mataram’s women to reduce their poverty are not gender but mostly lack of financial control and access funding, lack of market information and a scarcity of talented employees. Furthermore, Women participation in poverty reduction program is considered to be the key of success in many poverty alleviation, one of them is being female entrepreneur or managing MSMEs

Globalization and Female Participation in Labor Force: Evidence from Developing Nations

Today, the inclusion of women in the political, social and economic spheres is crucial for sustainable development. In this effort, globalization acts as a catalyst by creating relationships and opportunities that give women greater economic and social influence. This study is concerned with exploring the influence of globalization and its various dimensions, such as economic, social and political, on women's participation in the labor force in developing countries. We have collected panel data covering 131 developing countries over three years and specify four models that are estimated by the fixed effect method using the OLS within-effects. We explored that overall globalization, economic globalization and social globalization are positively and significantly associated with female participation in the labor force on average. In contrast, political globalization has an insignificant influence on female participation in the labor force. The results of other covariates suggest that female fertility rate, urban population and employment in the industrial sector are significant determinants of female participation in economic activity. Hence, on the basis of these results, it can be prescribed that policy should be formulated to support more economic and social integration at the global level in the context of developing countries.

Cyber Opportunities: Fostering Women's Empowerment through E-Commerce in Afghanistan

This research undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between women's empowerment and E-commerce, with a specific focus on the unique challenges and opportunities presented in Afghanistan's post-conflict landscape. Globally, E-commerce has emerged as a transformative force, breaking down traditional barriers and providing avenues for women's active participation in economic activities. However, Afghanistan's socio-cultural context introduces nuanced challenges, including cultural norms, societal expectations, and limited access to technology. Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study gathers insights from 100 Afghan women engaged in E-commerce activities. The findings reveal multifaceted challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide and address cultural barriers. Despite obstacles, the study underscores the resilience of women entrepreneurs in navigating the digital landscape. Education and digital literacy emerge as pivotal factors shaping women's participation, highlighting the necessity for tailored initiatives. The research culminates in key recommendations, advocating for clear national policies, enhanced cybersecurity measures, and digital literacy programs. Support for women entrepreneurship and collaboration with international partners are emphasized to create an inclusive and supportive environment for women in the digital economy. This research serves as a foundational resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, offering actionable insights to empower Afghan women in E-commerce. By implementing the recommended strategies, Afghanistan can pave the way for sustainable development, economic growth, and the meaningful inclusion of women in the digital landscape.

The Role of Women Weavers in Improving the Family Economy in Kampung Sabu Kelurahan Oepura Kota Kupang

This study aims to describe and analyze the role of women weavers in improving the family economy in Kampung Sabu Kelurahan Oepura Kota Kupang. This study uses the theoretical framework of Biddle and Thomas to analyze the changing role of women, showing the dynamic interaction between traditional values and economic contribution in defining gender roles in Kampung Sabu. This study uses a case study approach in the qualitative realm with the strategy of conducting field research conducted in two stages. The first phase is a field research activity with female informants selected weavers purposive sampling. Informants of the study consisted of seven ikat weavers in Kampung Sabu field Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions(FGDs), and literature studies.Data analysis was done qualitatively using interactive models, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the transformation of the economic system affects the role of women weavers in Kampung Sabu, who play a dual role as housewives and workers. They are engaged in economic activities to overcome economic difficulties. Weaving skills, passed down from generation to generation, had significant economic value, with additional income from the sale of woven fabrics making an important contribution to the family economy. Despite the pressures of everyday life, women weavers remain persevering. In urban environments, wives also play a dual role as housewives and workers, using participation in economic activities as a way to stabilize the family economy amid uncertainty.

Exploring street vendors’ entrepreneurial potential and gender disparities in an eastern cape port city, South Africa

This study examines the entrepreneurial potential of informal traders, specifically focusing on street vendors operating in East London, a prominent port city in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Entrepreneurship, characterised by its dynamic nature entailing visionary foresight and astute exploitation of opportunities, requires agility and fervent dedication in nurturing novel concepts and implementing innovative solutions. Additionally, it aims to address the issue of low female participation in economic activities within this sector. Utilising a structured questionnaire designed for data collection, this research employs both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the entrepreneurial traits exhibited by street vendors. The investigation centers on six key independent variables: proactive personality, competitive aggressiveness, risk-taking propensity, perceived capability, perceived opportunity, and innovation. The study’s findings revealed that, among the factors studied, perceived opportunity and innovation were statistically significant contributors to the entrepreneurial potential of street vendors in East London. Moreover, the research identifies that despite demonstrating similar entrepreneurial potential factors as their male counterparts, females exhibit notably lower participation rates within the informal trading sphere. This research holds significant implications for policy formulation and intervention strategies. By highlighting perceived opportunity and innovation as critical factors influencing entrepreneurial potential, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance the entrepreneurial landscape among street vendors. Furthermore, the identification of gender-specific participation gaps emphasises the need for targeted policies and programs to increase female engagement in informal trading.

노년기 경제활동 참여여부 결정요인

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in socio-demographic characteristics, depression, and life satisfaction between the elderly participating and the non-participating in economic activities, and to identify variables that affect participation in economic activities in old age. For the purpose, we conducted Chi-square test, t-Test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Binomial logistic regression analysis on the raw data of 10,097 people over 65 years old from 『Survey on the Status of the Elderly in 2020』. The main results were as follows : 1) There were higher proportion of subjects male, younger, higher educated, with a spouse, with higher income, with good subjective health, and living with a spouse in the participating group than in the non-participating economic activity group. In addition, the participating group in economic activities had higher satisfaction with health status, economic status, social-leisure-cultural activities, relationships with friends or community, and life as a whole, and lower depression. 2) As a result of the binomial logistic regression analysis, the model was statistically significant and had an explanatory power of 24.0%. All variables except satisfaction with economic status were significant factors influencing participation in economic activities in old age. The elderly male, younger, less-educated, living alone, higher-income, higher satisfaction with health status and relationships with friends or community, lower satisfaction with social-leisure-cultural activities and life as a whole, and with lower depression were more likely to participate in economic activities. Finally, based on the results of this study, several limitations and suggestions for follow-up research and policy direction were added.

대도시에 거주하는 중고령 여성장애인의 경제활동 참여와 삶의 만족도에 대한 합의적 질적연구

This study examined the experiences and perceptions of 16 middle-aged women with disabilities living in metropolitan areas on their participation in economic activities and life satisfaction. For this purpose, two researchers conducted individual interviews with participants in their 50s and 60s and analyzed the data using consensus qualitative research method. As a result, five domains and 22 categories were identified, including the desire to learn, career transition and dreams, disability is still a difficult issue, me as a woman, and me in family relationships. The main significance of this study is that it explores the perceptions of women with disabilities and it has implications for future community programs and policies. Based on findings, future research directions and implications were discussed.

Social responsibility in the context of balancing economic interests

The article focuses on the fact that social responsibility, being a multi-level phenomenon, should be considered as a system in which the social responsibility of the individual is a key link. In the socio-economic conditions of the functioning of the Russian economy, which have radically changed over the past year due to the special military operation and large-scale sanctions pressure from Western countries, it is more important than ever to make informed decisions. This necessitates the need to increase the social responsibility of all participants in economic activity. Forming and increasing the social responsibility of each of the participants in socio-economic relations is impossible without understanding and finding a balance of economic interests that lie at the basis of this system.

Contribution of Microfinance Institutions to Women Socio-economic Empowerment: A Case of BRAC Branch Iringa Municipal Council, Tanzania

This study investigates the role of microfinance institutions (MFIs), with a focus on the BRAC Branch in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania, in enhancing the socio-economic empowerment of women. Using a non-experimental cross-sectional research design, primary data was collected from 66 respondents, complemented by interviews with key informants from the BRAC Institution. The research employed systematic simple random and probability sampling techniques, utilizing questionnaires and interviews as research tools, with data analysis conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study aimed to assess the impact of MFIs on women's entrepreneurship skills, examine their influence on income generation, and evaluate their role in enhancing social respect among women. MFIs, particularly the BRAC Branch, have played a pivotal role in improving the entrepreneurship skills of women borrowers. Access to resources, capital, and training has empowered women to develop and enhance their entrepreneurial capabilities. MFIs have significantly contributed to the income generation of women. By providing accessible financial services tailored to their needs, women have been able to invest in and expand their businesses, resulting in sustainable income and improved financial well-being. The study underscores the instrumental role of MFIs in enhancing social respect for women. As women become financially independent through active participation in economic activities, they gain recognition and respect within their communities. This has led to increased confidence and challenges to traditional gender norms. This research highlights the substantial strides made by microfinance institutions, particularly the BRAC Branch in Iringa Municipality, in empowering women socio-economically. The positive impacts on women's entrepreneurship skills, income generation, and social respect are evident. To further strengthen this contribution, collaborative efforts involving the government and stakeholders are recommended. Extending loan repayment periods, increasing maximum loan amounts, and providing accessible collateral options are crucial steps toward ensuring continued empowerment. These findings underscore the critical role of MFIs in advancing gender equality and socio-economic development in Tanzania.

Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China based on differences in living arrangements: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOlder adults with different living arrangements may have different mental health statuses and different factors that influence their mental health. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China based on differences in their living arrangements.MethodsParticipants were 6,055 older adults from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms and their determinants were evaluated using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and multivariate logistic regression analysis, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults living alone, as a couple, and with children was 47.8%, 33.2%, and 39.5%, respectively. The common risk factors for depressive symptoms were shorter sleep duration, poorer activities of daily living, and poorer self-rated health. Women, those with lower educational levels, and those suffering from chronic diseases had a higher risk of depressive symptoms among older adults living as a couple and those living with children. Smoking and participation in economic activities were also risk factors of depressive symptoms among older adults living with children and those living alone, respectively.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that older adults living as couples had the lowest prevalence of depressive symptoms, while those living alone had the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms. The determinants of depressive symptoms differed by living arrangement; hence, they should be considered in future interventions.

Socioeconomic factors affecting female labor force participation: A Case study of Lahore district

Labor-force participation analysis is important for developing employment and human resource development policies. Females represent approximately fifty percent of the entire population of Pakistan and play a vital role in the country. This paper aims to quantify the numerous factors affecting female labor force participation in Lahore district. The study is based on cross-sectional data gathered through questionnaires. The technique of logit regression on 450 observations is used to estimate the factors affecting female labor force participation. The empirical results show that educational attainment levels, marital status have a positive and significant effect on female labor force whereas female lives in joint family system and urban region less likely to participate in labor force market. Household head participation in economic activities decrease the female labor force participation. Paper also shows that in Lahore weak women empowerment exist. If female alone decides about her job, her participation in labor market decreases.

이공계 경력단절여성의 재사회화 경험 탐색

This study was conducted for the purpose of in-depth exploration of the experience and meaning of re-socialization of career-interrupted women in science and engineering. The results of the study, which collected data through in-depth interviews and utilized through continuous comparative analysis, are as follows. First, the cause of career interruption for women majoring in science and engineering was care work and child rearing. If they could not solve the problems of childbirth and child rearing, they chose to discontinue their career even though they were satisfied with their job and job. Second, women majoring in science and engineering attempted to compromise between the ideal and reality by lowering their eye level to overcome a career break or by building specifications required by the labor market. Third, career-interrupted women in science and engineering who experienced re-socialization felt the benefits of national policies and social systems to promote women's participation in economic activities. Various policies and social systems are helping to overcome career breaks, but institutional improvements are needed to achieve a uniform effect. Fourth, career-interrupted women in science and engineering continue to care for and raise children even after re-employment. As a result, he experienced continuous internal conflict and acted as an important factor in maintaining and choosing his career. Fifth, career break women in science and engineering use lifelong learning as an opportunity and a mechanism for growth after re-socialization.

WOMEN AND ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING (ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY)

Ideas that do not consider women to have a significant role in the economic life of any society have diminished, and any country that does not believe that women are half of society and works on equality between men and women leads to weak returns that can be reaped by that economy, and weak growth rates. Many countries have excluded women from economic life and prevented them from carrying out any activity in society because of old habits that paralyzed the economy's ability to rise and grow. There is no doubt that women's participation in economic activities will theoretically contribute to more growth and advancement of economies undisputedly. In the process, women still face many difficulties because of the systems and culture, especially the difficulty of obtaining money in their societies, as well as their inability to make economic decisions related to buying and selling due to societal restrictions and customs that reduce the importance of women’s involvement in work, as empowering women in the economy and bridging gaps Gender in the world of work is essential, and women's economic empowerment includes their ability to participate on an equal footing in existing markets, and meaningful participation in economic decisionmaking at all levels from the family to international institutions, and aims to promote women's economic empowerment to increase productivity, economic diversity, social development, and equality in Income between the two sexes. Women's access to education has a fundamental role in empowering them economically, as well It is designed to enable them to keep pace with the rapid technological and digital transformations, and it also helps them obtain prestigious jobs in institutions and creates new opportunities for them, which reflects positively on the country’s economy, just as without economic development, lasting peace will not be achieved, and investing in women’s economic empowerment generates gains Short and long-term social and enhances women's participation in decision-making

The Effects of Life Changes in Family on Engagement in Economic Activities Among Female Older Adults: A Comparative Study Between China and South Korea.

In this study, the relationship between life changes in family members and engagement in economic activities among female older adults was explored in two East Asian countries: China and South Korea. Using panel data from wave 2 (2008) to wave 6 (2016) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging and wave 1 (2011) to wave 3 (2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a correlated random effects probit model was estimated. The sample included 4,412 observations from South Korea and 1,972 observations from China. The results demonstrate that life changes in family affect engagement in economic activity among female older adults in both countries. However, the influence of family members on economic activity differed between the countries. These results suggest that participation in economic activities among female older adults needs to be understood in different macro-social contexts.

Административно-правовые аспекты регулирования экономики Российской Федерации в условиях противостояния антироссийским экономическим санкциям

Introduction. The article deals with the issues of administrative and legal regulation of the mechanism for counteracting to anti-Russian economic sanctions taking into account the current state of the country’s economy and reflects the main positive results of the activities of the authorities and administration in applying of the imperative method of influencing all participants in economic activities related to the conduct of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine.
 Methods. In preparing the article methods were used to analyze the current legislative and bylaws as well as available statistical indicators of the effectiveness of the application of anti-sanction legal norms based on official data from authorities and administration.
 Results. The author specifies the tasks of enhancing the administrative impact on the economic sphere. The measures already taken, which had a positive impact on the country’s economy under the sanctions, are named, and the directions of the imperative impact on the sphere of production and consumption are indicated. Topical issues of administrative impact on all spheres of society’s activity are outlined as a task to be solved in the context of the aggressive anti-Russian policy of foreign states. The article is an independent scientific study, anticipating another work of the author, devoted to recommendations on the application of administrative and legal methods of regulating the economy in the face of countering to the sanctions pressure of the United States and the countries of the European Union.

제주지역 2030 미혼청년의 부정적 결혼의향 형성배경과 결혼지연 이유에 대한 질적 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the background for forming negative marriage intentions and the reasons of delayed marriage among unmarried young people in their 20s and 30s in the Jeju region. As a result, the negative marriage intentions are 1)the influence of a conflictful or sexist family environment, 2)self-actualization or work being more important than marriage, 3)the desire to maintain one's own daily life, 4)cannot afford to consider marriage due to economic difficulties, and 5)an excessive marriage culture and strong family ties after marriage being burdensome. In addition, the reasons of delayed marriage are 1)self-actualization or participation in economic activities being a priority over marriage, 2)waiting until securing economic stability, and 3)delayed marriage due to a restrictive and closely-knit marriage culture.