Participation In Development Programs Research Articles

Performance of Islamic Teachers in Madrasah: Analysis of Problems and Solutions in the Learning Process

This study investigates the performance achievements of 60 Islamic teachers in madrasahs during the learning process and identifies the problems and solutions needed to ensure all teachers meet the standards set by the Decree of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia Number 209//P/2021. Utilizing a survey methodology and in-depth interviews, the study found several challenges: 19 teachers struggled with implementing contextual learning; 8 teachers faced issues with process and results assessment; 18 teachers had problems with remedial and enrichment programs; 15 teachers found it difficult to create a pleasant learning environment; 31 teachers encountered obstacles in promoting reading and writing literacy; 10 teachers had trouble ensuring student safety, comfort, and cleanliness; and 17 teachers faced difficulties optimizing school facilities and infrastructure. These challenges were attributed to the lack of active participation in teacher quality improvement training programs such as contextual teaching and learning, assessment instruments, active learning, literacy, and media and learning resource development training. Interviews with teachers who did not face these difficulties indicated that their participation in ongoing professional development programs helped them overcome these issues. Consequently, it is recommended that school stakeholders support teachers' involvement in these professional development programs to enhance their performance.

Strategi Komunikasi Politik Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Pedesaan (Studi pada Desa Karangsari Kec. Bantur Kab. Malang)

This research aims to analyze the political communication strategies implemented by regional governments to increase participation in rural communities, especially in Karangsari Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that the Karangsari Village government uses various communication strategies, including direct outreach, use of local media, and community forums. This strategy has succeeded in increasing community awareness and participation in various village development programs. The key factors that support the success of this strategy are community trust in village leaders, openness of information, and active involvement of various stakeholders. This research provides important insights for other local governments in designing and implementing effective political communication strategies to increase rural community participation.

The Influence of Teachers' Educational Background on Interest in Learning Social Science

This research aims to examine the influence of teacher educational background on students' interest in learning Social Sciences (IPS) based on a literature review. This literature study collects and analyzes various relevant journals to understand how teacher education and training can influence students' motivation and interest in learning in social studies subjects. Literature analysis shows that teachers with higher educational qualifications and adequate professional training tend to be able to create a more effective and interesting learning atmosphere, thereby increasing students' interest in learning. This research found that factors such as teacher education level, teaching experience, and participation in professional development programs have a significant effect on students' interest in learning. This study also identified that innovative and interactive teaching methods applied by highly educated teachers can motivate students to be more active in learning social studies. Recommendations from this study emphasize the importance of improving qualifications and continuous training for teachers to improve the quality of education and students' interest in learning. This research makes an important contribution to the field of education by providing insight into how a teacher's educational background can influence students' learning interest in social studies subjects.

Tepisari Village Government Strategies in Increasing Communitiy Participation in Development Programs

Tepisari Village Government Strategies in Increasing Communitiy Participation in Development Programs

Enhancing educational excellence: An analysis of teacher capacity building and its impact on instructional delivery in public secondary Schools in Kenya

This study investigates the relationship between teacher capacity building, instructional delivery, and effectiveness in public secondary schools. Utilizing the descriptive survey methodology, data were collected from 400 teachers in Embu and Tharaka-Nithi Counties, Kenya. A survey questionnaire was used for data collection, whereby the efficacy of instructional delivery was assessed through a Likert-scale survey consisting of 17 items. Demographic information highlighted the diverse composition of the teaching workforce, with varying age groups, educational qualifications, and work experience. The study explored teachers' participation in professional development programs, revealing substantial engagement in subject-specific training among other capacity building programs. Findings indicated high agreement among teachers on statements related to syllabus completion, assignment design aligned with objectives, and regular collaboration with colleagues. Some areas for potential improvement were identified, including the incorporation of student questions to guide lessons, ensuring adequate instructional materials, and integrating higher-order thinking strategies. Capacity building was found to have a significant influence on the effectiveness of teachers in instructional delivery, whereby teachers who had attended more courses obtained higher means scores in instructional delivery than those who had attended fewer or no courses. The study contributes to the understanding of teacher capacity development's impact on instructional practices and effectiveness. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional development tailored to teachers' needs, emphasizing collaborative strategies and resource provision. Policymakers, educational administrators, and teachers can leverage these insights to inform targeted interventions that enhance the overall quality of instruction in Kenyan public secondary schools.

The gift and the giving: reciprocity in international aid and development in Timor-Leste

Abstract This paper examines the transactional dynamics of participation in foreign aid and development programs by exploring links between Marcel Mauss’ characteristics of gift-giving and Marshall Sahlins’ typology of reciprocal relationships. Grounded in Mauss’ insights, a modified version of Sahlins’ Negative, Generalized and Balanced categories is applied to recipient experiences of donor activities in Timor-Leste. In this context, I look at how the ‘development gift’ positions and defines those involved, from producing uncomfortable hierarchies of power and prestige to enhancing mutual trust and respect. Analysis of interviews with ‘ordinary’ Timorese indicates that in offering, accepting and repaying the gift, significant difficulties arise from misunderstandings about the social obligations structuring the exchange. Sahlins’ Negative and, in some circumstances, Generalized forms predict a breakdown in relationships, although not necessarily in the project itself. By contrast, the Balanced form typically leads to the type of interactions recipients desire. Responding to interviewee comments, I propose a ‘charitable’ mode of the Generalized form and identify a new category, Familial reciprocity. I conclude by recommending this modified typology as a way of understanding how we might give and receive respect, a word frequently used by recipients to describe successful development relationships with outsiders. Importantly, while grounded specifically in Timorese experiences, there is scope to apply the proposed framework to any activity in which one party identifies as a donor and others are presented as beneficiaries of their ‘free’ development gifts.

Technical efficiency in several levels of adoption of garlic farming standard operating procedures in production centre in Indonesia

The relevance of this study lies in overcome obstacles to garlic development in Indonesia, such as low productivity and limited use of technology, which can hinder self-sufficiency and import-reducing programs. The purpose of this study was to identify the technical efficiency, the determinants of technical inefficiency, and the level of technical efficiency at various levels of adoption of the standard operating procedures of garlic farming in production centres in Indonesia. The cross-sectional data was gathered through interviews with 227 farmers chosen using a simple random selection technique. The Cobb-Douglass production function and the stochastic frontier analysis were used to determine the factors influencing garlic production, the technical efficiency level, and the determinants of technical inefficiency. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation was used to analyse the data. The level of technical efficiency at various levels of standard operating procedures adoption was measured using descriptive statistical analysis. Farm size, seeds, urea and NPK fertiliser, herbicides, yellow sticky traps, family labour, mulch, and farmers’ participation in garlic development programs significantly affected garlic production. The technical efficiency varied within 0.37-0.99, with a mean of 0.71. Farmers’ practices and standard operating procedure adoption significantly reduced technical inefficiency. Generally, the level of standard operating procedure adoption is moderate. In the high standard operating procedure adoption group, the mean technical efficiency is 0.77, while in the moderate level group, it is 0.68. The findings of this study can be used as a model for other garlic-importing countries to enhance production and strengthen food security

How Does a Junior Faculty Development Program Affect Burnout? A Mixed Methods Assessment.

Burnout is common among junior faculty. Professional development has been proposed as a method to improve engagement and reduce burnout among academic physicians. The Penn State College of Medicine Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP) is a well-established, interdisciplinary program. However, an increase in burnout was noted among participants during the program. The authors sought to quantify the change in burnout seen among JFDP participants across 3 cohorts, and to explore sources of well-being and burnout among participants. Through a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, participants in the 2018/19, 2019/20, and 2020/21 cohorts took a survey assessing burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), quality of life (QoL), job satisfaction, and work-home conflict at the start and end of the course. Descriptive statistics were generated as well as Pearson χ2 test/Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables for group comparisons. To better understand the outcome, past participants were invited to interviews regarding their experience of burnout during the course. Inductive thematic analysis (kappa = 0.86) was used to derive themes. Start- and end-of-course surveys were completed by 84 and 75 participants, respectively (response rates: 95.5% and 85.2%). Burnout associated with patient/learner/client/colleague increased (P = .005) and QoL decreased (P = .02) at the end compared with the start. Nonsignificant trends toward worsening in other burnout categories, work-home conflict, and job satisfaction were also observed. Nineteen interviews yielded themes related to risks and protective factors for burnout including competing demands, benefits of networking, professional growth, and challenges related to diverse faculty roles. Junior Faculty Development Program participants demonstrated worsening of burnout and QoL during the program while benefiting from opportunities including skill building and networking. The impact of Junior Faculty Development Programs on the well-being of participants should be considered as an element of their design, evaluation, and refinement over time.

Knowledge of the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay among medical officers in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Introduction: The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assay is a crucial diagnostic test that is obligatory in the triage of patients presenting with chest pain. It is essential for medical officers to have adequate knowledge regarding the procedures for testing and the interpretation of test outcomes to deliver optimal healthcare for patients. It has been observed that medical officers are lacking in awareness regarding this testing method, resulting in a greater likelihood of errors in testing and interpretation. This study aims to evaluate the level of understanding among medical officers regarding the hs-cTn assay in relation to the most recent European Society of Cardiology guideline released in 2020.Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at two government hospitals in Gampaha District in June 2022. A self-administered e-questionnaire was used to assess knowledge regarding hs-cTn. Knowledge was measured by calculating a cumulative score for the answers to a questionnaire and categorised into good or poor knowledge. A score less than 60% was categorized as poor and vice versa. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.Results: Of the 227 medical officers, only 14.5% (n=33) had good knowledge of the analytical component while 41.9% (n=95) had good knowledge on the clinical component. A score ≥60% on the analytical component knowledge was significantly associated with designation being a senior registrar or consultant (p<0.001), postgraduate enrolment (p<0.001), participation in continuous professional development programmes (p<0.001), and employment in a teaching hospital (p=0.025), but not with age (p=0.066) or private practice (p=0.118). Clinical component knowledge score ≥60% was significantly associated with age between 25 and 35 years (p=0.006), designation being a consultant (p<0.001), postgraduate enrolment (p<0.001), participation in continuous professional development programs (p<0.001), and employment in a teaching hospital(p=0.001) but not with doing private practice (p=0.170).Conclusions: In Sri Lanka, medical officers’ general knowledge on the hs-cTn assay seems lacking. There is a need for continuous training to improve knowledge on hs-cTn testing among medical officers.

From Becoming to Being: how STEM teachers develop leadership identities

ABSTRACT The development of STEM teacher leadership identity empowers K–12 teachers to make changes to improve teaching and learning. Identity development might not be productively supported in all school settings, however. Hence, external professional development programs should offer opportunities to supplement this identity development. We construct and propose a Can’t-to-Becoming-to-Being model to describe STEM teacher leadership identity development as a progression of stages from weak to strong identity. Using interview data over two points in time with 127 STEM teacher leaders, we illustrate four stages of development: Can’t, Can, Should, and Being. We also elucidate the conditions that teachers identify as catalyzing or inhibiting identity development, with attention to the impacts of teacher leaders’ participation in professional development programs. Our findings indicate that the Can’t-to-Becoming-to-Being model is useful for describing how teachers may develop STEM teacher leadership identity and may provide researchers a tool for exploring this process. Professional developers might consider the catalysts (and inhibitors) we identify as a means of strengthening teacher leadership identities in the design and implementation of professional learning. External spaces separate from school communities may offer teacher leaders opportunities to try out provisional selves and provide additional motivation to propel participants to Being teacher leaders.

Safer spaces in youth development programs and health in Canadian youth

Abstract Engagement in youth programs is a potential means to promote health and well-being across populations of young people. Safer spaces in these youth programs are likely critical in fostering positive health outcomes, but current research on the links between safer spaces and health is limited. In this exploratory study, we examined links between program safety in youth development programs and minoritized status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosomatic health complaints. Participants (N = 282; Mean age = 16.97 years; SD = 2.97) self-identified across various minority status groups, including LGBTQ (30%) and a range of perceived income levels. We tested a statistical model in which safer spaces, LGBTQ status and perceived income predicted HRQoL and health complaints in youth development program participants. LGBTQ status and lower perceived income were related to lower HRQoL and more health complaints, and safer space in youth development programs was related to better HRQoL. We also found an interaction effect, such that safer spaces in youth programs appeared to be especially beneficial for HRQoL for youth with higher incomes. Findings reinforce past research on LGBTQ status and income as factors for youth wellness and mental health. Findings also suggest that perceived safer spaces in youth development programs support better HRQoL and lower health complaints, across populations of participating youth.

Survey and situation analysis of personal, employer-related, and environmental factors affecting participation in continuous professional development (CPD) programs of laboratory professionals in Africa.

To determine the level and evaluate factors affecting the participation of laboratory professionals in continuous professional development (CPD) programs in eastern and southern Africa. A survey was conducted among laboratory professionals from 14 countries. The CPD participation was defined as low if it was fewer than 2 CPD trainings in the past 2 years. Associations between categorical variables were tested for significance using Fisher exact test. Of the expected 400, 283 (70% response rate) individuals participated in the survey. Of these, 153 (54%) had low CPD participation and 199 (70%) were aware of CPD educational activities in their respective country. Those with diploma certificates attended more CPD programs (P < .001) than those with undergraduate and master's degrees. Awareness of CPD programs was associated with a higher level of CPD participation (P = .0001). Job satisfaction was significantly associated with high levels of CPD participation (P = .02). Other factors associated with high level of participation in CPD programs included affordability (P = .03), funding by employer (P = .0005), and awareness of legal CPD requirements (P = .002). The CPD programs are considered useful to an individual's professional development, although there was low participation. It is recommended that different formats and platforms be used to expand CPD programs.

Community Participation Forms in Indonesian Villages to Support the Sustainable Development Goals Program

Objective: This article aims to investigate the various forms of community participation in supporting sustainable development programs in rural areas. It specifically examines the nature and extent of community involvement across different stages of program development, highlighting the key actors and categories of participation.&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this research is grounded in the concept of community participation in development, which is a fundamental principle of sustainable development. The study draws on the works of scholars who have explored community engagement and its significance in achieving development goals, particularly in rural contexts. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as a backdrop to assess the alignment of community participation with global development priorities.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method: This research employs a qualitative approach to capture the nuances of community participation in sustainable development programs. Data is gathered through in-depth interviews with development participants and focus group discussions. The qualitative methodology allows for a deeper understanding of the forms, actors, and dynamics of community involvement.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result and Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that community participation is integral to all stages of sustainable development program development: planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The research identifies two main channels through which community participation occurs: formal village institutional channels, including village community empowerment institutions and community representative bodies, and informal channels, which involve community leaders, religious figures, youth leaders, and professionals. Community participation takes three primary forms: contributions of ideas and thoughts, material contributions, and donations of energy.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/value: This research contributes to the understanding of community participation in the context of sustainable development in rural areas. It highlights the diverse ways in which communities engage in development initiatives and emphasizes their essential role in achieving the SDGs. The study's value lies in its potential to inform policymakers, practitioners, and academics about the significance of community participation and its implications for the success of sustainable development programs.

Community participation in enterprise development programmes for poverty reduction and sustainable development in Ghana

ABSTRACT To trickle down poverty in rural areas, development partners and national governments have instituted enterprise development programmes which call for the establishment of some participatory frameworks to enable rural entrepreneurs determine for themselves, the exact Business Development Service (BDS) they desire to bring about economic improvement and social change. In ensuring that the concept of participation is not merely a wish list, the article modified Choguill’s ladder of community participation as a de facto lens to examine whether “participation” really exists in these programmes by drawing on evidence from the Rural Enterprises Programme (REP) in Ghana. Using qualitative in-depth interviews grounded in a single case study design (REP), the study observed that despite the existence of structures that appear to involve entrepreneurs at all stages of the decision-making process, beneficiaries think otherwise. Notwithstanding, some context and power-induced factors were identified to have accounted for these discrepancies.

Community participation in development programs: Key lessons from the billion trees afforestation project (BTAP)

Sustainable restoration of forested landscapes requires the effective participation of local communities in project planning and implementation. This study analyzes the factors that influenced household participation in the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) in Pakistan. We examined the activities undertaken by the Forest Department to promote community participation in landscape restoration. Data were collected from community members through household surveys and from forest department officials through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and a Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. The descriptive results indicate that communities that participated in a higher number of BTAP activities showed significant improvements in forest cover, wildlife, and other ecosystem services. The Poisson regression model shows that household head participation in BTAP increases with education and the functioning of Village Development Committees (VDCs). The results of the in-depth interviews show that the important factors that hindered community members' higher level of participation in BTAP include nepotism, irregular rainfall, lack of knowledge and skills development programs, unattractive land tenure policies, ineffective communication networks, and delay in timely payment of salaries to community members. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders should understand the factors that influence rural household participation in afforestation projects and then determine how to establish and promote effective afforestation incentive mechanisms to improve the success of afforestation initiatives.

Training and Development of Productive Teachers in Improving Work Skills for Vocational High School (SMK) Level Students in Sigli

Teacher guidance and development is urgently needed to improve the professional abilities of teachers in improving learning processes and outcomes through the provision of professional service-style assistance to teachers. Productive teachers will provide learning material that begins with making a Learning Implementation Plan which then evaluates the process and improves the learning system in the classroom by prioritizing material that can support students to be active, think creatively and be innovative. The purpose of this study was to find out an overview of the coaching and development of productive teachers in improving work skills for students at vocational high schools (SMK) in Sigli. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research findings, it was found that: (1) Coaching in improving productive teacher performance skills at Sigli Vocational High School includes: coaching through MGMP, IHT (in the house training), teacher coaching through supervision, and pedagogical and professional competency development; (2) Productive teacher development strategies in improving work skills, namely by: continuing education, participating in training/workshops, promotions, development through promotions, assigning teachers to apprentices in industry to improve abilities/upskilling and update skills/reskilling; and (3) teacher participation in productive teacher training and development programs carried out by school principals has been very good. Teachers participate in every activity, are able to adopt ideas or programs to support the teaching and learning process, teachers also attend training to improve teacher competence.

From investor’s paradise to graveyard: the tragic tale of Sintex

Research methodology The case delves into the significant factors contributing to the steep decline of Sintex shares, examining both external and internal factors. Internally, the primary drivers were the expansion plan, the demerger decision, financial mismanagement and the delayed and inadequate integration of Information Technology (IT) into the business. Case overview/synopsis Sintex, a prominent private sector company listed in the Indian stock markets, operated in the textile and plastics sectors. However, in 2017, Sintex underwent a demerger into two separate entities: Sintex Industries Limited (SIL) and Sintex Plastics Technology Limited (SPTL). While SIL focused on textiles, SPTL dealt with plastics. However, soon after the demerger, the share prices of both companies began plummeting, leading to significant losses for investors. This case investigates the reasons behind this decline through a step-by-step analysis. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for postgraduate students pursuing an MBA, MMS and executive programs such as PGDBM and PGDM, with a specialization in business strategy. It is also beneficial for participants in management development programs (MDPs) designed for higher level executives. Additionally, the case can serve as training material for executives undergoing strategic role training within an organization. It is recommended to teach the case toward the end of the course, where the instructor can provide a summary of the previous classes’ teachings. Subject Code CCS7: Management Science

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI LADANG DI KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN (The Empowerment Strategies For Swidden Agriculture Farmers In Konawe Islands District)

This research aims to formulate farmer empowerment strategies on field rice farming in Konawe Islands Regency. This research is classified as descriptive research that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data analysis used to formulate the strategy is SWOT analysis. This analysis identifies internal factors owned by farmers in the form of strengths and weaknesses and external factors owned by field farmers in the form of opportunities and threats. Informants in this study came from the village head, counsellor, field farmers and community leaders. The research findings show that effective empowerment strategies applied to field farmers in Konawe Islands Regency are: a. Combining field farming patterns with plantation patterns to obtain additional income b. Increasing the capacity and support of the government and related agencies such as the agriculture service/extension agency to farmer groups through coaching and participation in development programs c. Building togetherness of farmer groups to continue to trust each other, share fate and mutual cooperation so that it becomes a strength in strengthening the group d. Making farmer economic institutions such as BUMDes effective to help farmers' economic problems e. Increase farmers' knowledge about the benefits of groups through counseling, training and mentoring.

Planning Process for Kekasewa Village Development Kecmatan Ndona Ende Regency

This study intends to describe the development planning process at the grassroots level where the selected location is Kekasewa Village, Ndona District, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Specifically, this research is aimed at describing the development planning process at the research location and identifying and explaining the supporting and inhibiting factors. Through qualitative descriptive research, it is described more accurately from observations made in full about a symptom or social situation including through observation and interviews. Some of the selected informants are government officials, community organizations and community members. The analysis was carried out by examining the data obtained from various sources and informants. The results obtained from this study indicate that (1) the application of participatory principles in the process of planning development programs in the village of Kekasewa can be said to be running even though it does not fully follow the principles of, by and for the community, (2) the process of planning development programs in the village Kekasewa has carried out a participatory development program planning process, the steps of which include: reviewing the situation or reviewing the situation, identifying future needs, identifying available resources and agreeing on a plan. In addition, the results that can be recorded from the field show that of the four main factors that influence the participatory planning process at the research location, two of these factors (the existence of mutual trust and democratic agreement) are proven to be supporting factors in the planning process of development programs/activities. As for the other two factors (professionalism of human resources and understanding of development issues themselves) in general they have not shown their role in supporting the "smooth" process of development program planning and have instead become obstacles to the planning process. Regarding the results of the research above, several important things that are recommended in this study are (1) maintaining the existing planning process because it essentially fulfills the principles of the community by the community and for the community. Even if there must be corrective steps, it is recommended to sharpen and reinforce the function and role of the Musbangdus and Musbangdes forums as a vehicle for screening/selection by applying a priority scale, (2) considering the function of the Musbangdus and Musbangdes as a means or medium of dissemination for existing proposed plans, whether those proposed by residents or sectoral plan proposals, (3) utilizing customary institutions through a joint agreement with the village government to instill relevant values ​​to all members of the community to pay more attention to time issues, for example through "wora nau" (meaningful messages) conveyed by the mosalaki the day before the meeting, and (4) raising awareness through training regarding self-help surveys to identify potential or other forms of participatory rural appraisal (PRA).

How political insiders lose out when international aid underperforms: Evidence from a participatory development experiment in Ghana

Although participatory development often aims specifically to mitigate problems from political biases and party-based clientelism, the path is complicated and depends critically on the efficacy of underlying programs as well as how they interact with pre-existing institutions. We provide a framework to understand when participatory development is likely to generate politically biased benefits, showing that even if participatory aid is neutrally allocated, neutral benefit realizations occur only under specific circumstances. We apply this framework to a five-year randomized controlled study of a major participatory development program in Ghana, analyzing the program’s effects on participation in, leadership of, and investment by pre-existing political institutions, and on households’ overall socioeconomic well-being. We find the government and its political supporters acted with high expectations for the participatory approach: treatment led to increased participation in local governance and reallocation of resources. But the results did not meet expectations, resulting in a worsening of socioeconomic wellbeing in treatment versus control villages for government supporters. This demonstrates aid’s complex distributional consequences.