Partial Template Research Articles

Development of machine learning algorithm for loop-mediated isothermal amplification including influence of temperature

To predict amplification in the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method, a binary model has been developed. This model assesses whether the combination of partial template binding facilitated by multiple primers aligns with a specific signature indicating amplification. For this model, 1512 settings were adjusted, encompassing variations in the extraction oligomer position from the primer, the oligomer length, the number of allowed mismatched bases, and the stringency of the homology position. The optimal set was determined based on the F1 value at a reaction temperature of 60°C, resulting in a value of 0.58. To implement machine learning by amalgamating multiple models, duplicate models were eliminated through cluster analysis. Machine learning using AutoML was performed on 108 distinct models. Consequently, the F1 values were 0.7119 at a reaction temperature of 60°C and 0.7210 at 68°C. The weak correlation between feature importance and the F1 value of the model alone suggests that machine learning utilizing this model incorporates numerous models to enhance prediction accuracy.

Single‐Source Evaporated High‐Quality Single‐Phase Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillator Films for High Performance X‐Ray Imaging

AbstractVacuum‐evaporated metal halides (MHs) scintillator thick films have received much attention in the X‐ray imaging field due to their excellent light yield and uniform large‐area preparation. However, the inevitable heteromorphic homologs in MHs (e.g., Copper‐based MHs (Cu‐MHs): CsCu2X3∖Cs3Cu2X5) and change of film structural backbone will result in spectral hybridization (phase purity), and the film eventually detaches (lattice mismatches). Herein, a single‐source vacuum evaporation method to prepare a thick film (≈10 µm) of Cu‐MHs (as an example) scintillators is realized: 1) Presynthesis of pure phase materials by solution method with a protective agent to ensure phase purity without precise control of component ratios in evaporation process; 2) One‐shot formation of film structural backbone avoids stress accumulation and utilize the longitudinal growth characteristics of crystalline films to obtain crystal orientations with better optical outputs. Finally, the films obtained have a light yield comparable to a partially single‐crystal (53 983 photons MeV−1) and an imaging resolution (14.1 lp mm−1) comparable to the partial template method. The detection system based on the prepared Cu‐MHs scintillator thick films exhibits good response speed and linearity in response to different X‐ray radiation intensities and exposure times. The method will further drive the application of MHs is believed.

Modulating acid site distribution in MTT channels for controllable hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes

Bifunctional catalysts with high isomerization activity and mono-branched isomer selectivity are urgently demanded for dewaxing long-chain n-alkanes. In particular, branching location of mono-branched isomer is difficult to control by current techniques. In this study, SSZ-32 zeolite with tunable distribution depth of acid sites in micropore channels is successfully prepared by ion exchange under partial template protection. Loaded with similar Pt nanoparticles, these SSZ-32 catalysts exhibit tunable activity and selectivity for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. Characterization results show that the adsorption model and insertion depth of n-alkane is altered by changing the distribution depth of acid sites in SSZ-32 micropore channels. When acid sites distribute in a moderate depth (∼ 4.5 nm) of the micropore channels, high yield of center-position mono-branched isomers (46.85%) is achieved, cracking reaction is significantly inhibited. The mole ratio of 6−/7−/8-methyl isomers to 2−/3-methyl isomers was increased to at least 1.3 times of the traditional catalyst with acid sites distributed throughout the micropores. The cold flow properties of lube base oils in isomerized dewaxing of Fischer-Tropsch wax are improved significantly by achieving an optimal and effective diffusion depth of reaction intermediates in the MTT micropore channels. Efficient and selective hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkane is realized on Pt/SSZ-32 prepared by the facile partial-detemplation method.

Seeded Ising Model and Distributed Biometric Template Storage and Matching.

It is known that a variant of Ising model, called Seeded Ising Model, can be used to recover the information content of a biometric template from a fraction of information therein. The method consists in reconstructing the whole template, which is called the intruder template in this paper, using only a small portion of the given template, a partial template. This reconstruction method may pose a security threat to the integrity of a biometric identity management system. In this paper, based on the Seeded Ising Model, we present a systematic analysis of the possible security breach and its probability of accepting the intruder templates as genuine. Detailed statistical experiments on the intruder match rate are also conducted under various scenarios. In particular, we study (1) how best a template is divided into several small pieces called partial templates, each of which is to be stored in a separate silo; (2) how to do the matching by comparing partial templates in the locked-up silos, and letting only the results of these intra-silo comparisons be sent to the central tallying server for final scoring without requiring the whole templates in one location at any time.

Use of MCM‐41 as an Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Nonionic Surfactant from Aqueous Solutions

AbstractThe as‐synthesized MCM‐41 and its modified forms are used as adsorbents for the removal of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP‐10) from aqueous solutions. The partial template containing MCM‐41 is prepared by treating the as‐synthesized sample with ethanolic ammonium nitrate solution. Complete removal of the template is performed using the calcination process. The prepared adsorbents are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen physisorption techniques. The effect of adsorbent weight, pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption efficiency is studied. The equilibrium adsorption data are well defined, and they are fitted with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) and pseudo‐second‐order rate constants (k2) are calculated. The best adsorbent, in terms of removal efficiency, results to be the thermally treated MCM‐41, characterized by the highest surface area, and thus with the largest porosity. Specifically, the removal efficiency for NP‐10 is around 84% (558 mg g−1) with an initial concentration of 700 mg L−1, which is increased to 91% (455 mg g−1) for a 500 mg L−1 initial concentration. Thermodynamic studies depict that the adsorption of NP‐10 onto MCM‐41 is an endothermic process and the spontaneity is controlled by entropy.

A Road Marking Detection System Using Partial Template Matching and Region Estimation by Deep Neural Network

A Road Marking Detection System Using Partial Template Matching and Region Estimation by Deep Neural Network

Accelerating linear solvers for Stokes problems with C++ metaprogramming

The efficient solution of large sparse saddle point systems is very important in computational fluid mechanics. The discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods have become increasingly popular for incompressible flow problems but their application is limited due to high computational cost. We describe C++ programming techniques that may help to accelerate linear solvers for such problems. The approach is based on the policy-based design pattern and partial template specialization, and is implemented in the open source AMGCL library. The efficiency is demonstrated with the example of accelerating an iterative solver of a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the Stokes problem. The implementation allows selecting algorithmic components of the solver by adjusting template parameters without any changes to the codebase. It is possible to switch the system matrix to use small statically sized blocks to store the nonzero values, or use a mixed precision solution, which results in up to 4 times speedup, and reduces the memory footprint of the algorithm by about 40%. We evaluate both monolithic and composite preconditioning strategies for 3 benchmark problems. The performance of the proposed solution is compared with a multithreaded direct Pardiso solver and a parallel iterative PETSc solver.

On the detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces

In view of the difficulty of automatic detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces, a simple and effective automatic detection system based on deflection principle is proposed in this paper. This system consists of cameras and a set of striped lights. A series of images can be acquired at a certain frequency by camera. And the detection algorithm is divided into three steps. In the first step, the square-difference fusion method and minimum fusion method are used to fuse a group of the standard images to obtain two fusion images, which are used to extract the ROI and partial template. In the second step, partial template is used to perform template matching and correction on the fusion images. In the last step, extraction of mask, extraction of defects, and screening of defects are performed on the corrected fusion image to extract defects. To detect complex metallic paint surfaces of the car, the experimental results demonstrate that the defects detection accuracy can reach 85% and the defect recognition size can reach 0.1mm.

A Similarity-Based Burst Bubble Recognition Using Weighted Normalized Cross Correlation and Chamfer Distance

The burst bubble rate has been strongly linked to froth stability, and thus, it is always used for performance prediction or modeling in the froth flotation. Due to different bubble motions and intensity changes as the bubbles move, the current burst bubble recognition methods are ineffective. Therefore, in this article, a similarity-based method for burst bubble recognition is proposed. The proposed method uses the local motion correction to deal with the different motion cases, and it selects the chamfer distance and the weighted normalized cross correlation as the similarity to decrease the influence of the intensity changes by the convex shape. Furthermore, the weighted normalized cross correlation is flexibly integrated with the template mask matching and the partial template matching. Extensive experiments have validated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, where the precision and ${F}_{1}$ -score have been increased by at least 7.41% and 4.36%, respectively, compared with the current methods.

An Efficient and Fast Partial Template Matching Technique Enhancement in Normalized Cross Correlation

Template matching forms the basis of many image processing algorithms and hence the computer vision algorithms. There are many existing template matching algorithms like Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD), Normalized SAD (NSAD), Correlation methods (CORR), Normalized CORR(NCORR), Sum of Squared Difference (SSD), and Normalized SSD(NSSD). In general, as image requires more memory space for storage and much time for processing. The above said methods involves much computation. In any processing, efficiency constraints include many factors, especially accuracy of the results and speed of processing. An approach to reduce the execution time is always most appreciated. As a result of this, a novel method of partial NCC (PNCC) template matching technique is proposed in this paper. A block window approach is used to reduce the number of operations and hence to speed up the processing. A comparative study between existing NCC algorithm and the proposed partial NCC, PNCC algorithm is done. It is experimented and results proves that the execution time is reduced by 8 - 47 times approximately based on the various template images for different main images in PNCC. The accuracy of the result obtained is 100%. This proposed algorithm works for various types of images. The experiment is repeated for various sizes of templates and different sizes of main image. Further improvement in the speed of execution can be achieved by implementation of the proposed algorithm using parallel processors. It may find its importance in the real time image processing.

The Private Foundation Rules at Fifty: How Did We Get Them and Do They Meet Current Needs?

From the earliest decades of the twentieth century private foundations were suspect organizations. They were criticized by the left as a device to allow the affluent to maintain control of their businesses without the burdens of paying income and estate taxes and to use their wealth through the foundation form to influence politics, policy and society. Those on the right charged that private foundations were used for radical political purposes such as voter registration drives and support of civil rights. There were elements of truth in both sides’ criticisms. This article first examines the legislative process that resulted in a separate, more restrictive regulatory regime for private foundations than applied to public charities. It then discusses a contemporary flaw in foundation oversight of small foundations, those with assets under one million dollars, that are essentially unregulated because of the Internal Revenue Service’s lack of resources or interest. The article recommends legislation that may better assure these foundations are operating within the requirements of the law. Commencing in 1916 Congress conducted several investigations of foundations. The article examines the developments that resulted in a separate, more restrictive rules for private foundations than applied to public charities. It discusses the 1965 Treasury Report that became a partial template for the private foundation legislation. Public hostility to foundations was fomented by reports issued in the 1960s by a populist Texas Congressman, Wright Patman. A general movement for tax reform led to the 1969 hearings on private foundations that resulted in the rules and regulations that define private foundations today. The 1969 Congressional hearings provided dramatic unexpected testimony, front page headlines and were influenced by the political atmosphere and exogenous events that became public at inopportune times such as the revelation that two sitting justices of the Supreme Court were on the payrolls of two private foundations, whose donors were of dubious respectability. Though most of the resulting legislative strictures on private foundations had been proposed previously, the stringency of the regulatory regime was exacerbated by the political atmosphere and testimony from hearings and shocked the philanthropic community. After fifty years of experience, the Private Foundation Rules though complicated and burdensome, must be regarded as a success. They have been effective, and there have been few amendments to the original legislation. Perhaps more importantly, the legislation has eliminated the hostility that private foundations engendered in the past.

Template-dependent hydrophobicity in mesoporous organosilica films

A template dependence of the degree of self-hydrophobization of methylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) films is reported. The film with the smallest pore size of 1.7 nm, templated by CTAC, results in higher hydrophilicity when compared to films with a pore size of 4.1 or 5.3 nm, templated by BrijL4 and BrijS10, respectively. Both the surface and the bulk hydrophilicity were evaluated by water contact angle measurements and water ellipsometric porosimetry and the same trends were observed. Additionally, we provide the first evidence for a steric hindrance of the self-hydrophobization process. We show that a partial template removal results in the methylene-to-methyl transformation being observed at a temperature as low as 200 °C, significantly lower than previously demonstrated. These results should be taken into account when PMO materials are considered for applications such as low-k dielectrics, membranes, catalyst and chromatographic supports, and drug carriers.

Accurate 3-D Surface Profilometry Using Novel Boundary Edge Detection on Digital Image Correlation

A novel 3-D edge detection methodology is developed to resolve the edge ambiguity problem encountered in 3-D optical surface profilometry employing digital image correlation (DIC). DIC has been surged as a full-field measurement technique for in-plane and out-of-plane dynamic mechanical structure analyses. However, up to date, one of the key issues in DIC is still remained in boundary edge detection since a surface edge is not detectable between two discrete neighboring height jumps due to optical diffraction. Generally, it is common to observe undesirable noisy measured data along surface edges in traditional DIC-based surface 3-D profilometry. To resolve this, a novel random speckle images processing method is established by proposing a new algorithm by employing the multiple symmetric partial template model to determine best edge location with accurate height reconstruction. A theoretical simulation on a pre-calibrated circle target was performed to verify the feasibility of the methodology. Some experiments on real industrial objects having various surface reflective characteristics were implemented to verify its capability on accurate detection of industrial objects having discrete surface edges. From its preliminary evaluation on measurement accuracy, it is found that the maximum measured error on critical dimension can be controlled within less than 6.0% of the overall measuring range while one standard deviation can be kept within less than 1.2%.

Oligoarginine peptides slow strand annealing and assist non-enzymatic RNA replication.

The nonenzymatic replication of RNA is thought to have been a critical process required for the origin of life. One unsolved difficulty with nonenzymatic RNA replication is that template-directed copying of RNA results in a double-stranded product; following strand separation, rapid strand reannealing outcompetes slow nonenzymatic template copying, rendering multiple rounds of RNA replication impossible. Here we show that oligoarginine peptides slow the annealing of complementary oligoribonucleotides by up to several thousand-fold; however, short primers and activated monomers can still bind to template strands, and template-directed primer extension can still occur within a phase-separated condensed state, or coacervate. Furthermore, we show that within this phase, partial template copying occurs even in the presence of full-length complementary strands. This method for enabling further rounds of replication suggests one mechanism by which short, non-coded peptides could have enhanced early cellular fitness, potentially explaining how longer, coded peptides, i.e. proteins, came to prominence in modern biology.

Synthesis of lamellar mesostructure aluminophosphate nanoparticles and their conversion to a highly efficient adsorbent using ultrasound waves for partial template removal

Ultrasound irradiation alters micellar arrangement in lamellar aluminophosphate improving its adsorption capability.

Exploring the role of affect in Yolŋu exchange

What do emotion terms matter to the study of Aboriginal sociality and exchange? The study of affect/emotion is often considered a speciality topic or focus in anthropology. However, in this article I argue that a consideration of terms and concepts associated with affect/emotion is critical to a fully nuanced appreciation of the way Yolŋu people consider value in material exchange. I seek to move away from prevailing approaches to the study of Aboriginal exchange in Australia, to focus on exchange relations as they are cast and constituted in local Yolŋu terms. Drawing on the key body of terms and concepts associated with affect and emotion in Gumatj (a Yolŋu language), I explore a number of case studies to show how they not only inform, but motivate and shape forms of exchange in unique and specific ways. What is part of the emotion lexicon in Gumatj, I argue, can also be seen as a partial template or schema of value. This template is similar to what Munn (1986) refers to as a generative schema or value template. This article is a preliminary exploration towards a local Yolŋu theory of value and exchange.

Vision-based multipoint displacement measurement for structural health monitoring

Summary A novel noncontact vision sensor for simultaneous measurement of structural displacements at multiple points using one camera is developed based on two advanced template matching techniques: the upsampled cross correlation (UCC) and the orientation code matching (OCM). While existing studies on vision sensors are mostly focused on the time-domain performance evaluation, this study investigates the performance in both time and frequency domains through a shaking table test of a three-story frame structure, in which the displacements at all the floors are measured by using one camera to track either high-contrast artificial targets or low-contrast natural targets on the structural surface such as bolts and nuts. Excellent agreements are observed between the displacements measured by the single camera and those measured by high-performance laser displacement sensors. The results of structural modal analysis based on the measurements by the vision sensor and reference accelerometers also agree well. Moreover, the identified modal parameters are used to update the finite element model of the structure, demonstrating the potential of the vision sensor for structural health monitoring applications. This study further examines the robustness of the proposed vision sensor against ill environmental conditions such as dim light, background image disturbance, and partial template occlusion, which is important for future implementation in the field. Significant advantages of the proposed vision sensor include its low cost (a single camera to remotely measure structural displacements at multiple points without installing artificial targets) and flexibility to extract structural displacements at any point from a single measurement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ALGORITHMS FOR OBTAINING A SADDLE TORUS BETWEEN TWO ATTRACTORS

We develop two algorithms for obtaining an index 1 saddle torus between two attractors of which basin boundary is smooth by using the bisection method. In the first algorithm, which we name "overall template method", we make a template approximating a whole attractor and use it for pattern matching. The attractor can be a periodic orbit, a torus and even a chaos. In the second algorithm, which we name "partial template method", we make a template approximating only a part of an attractor. In this algorithm, the attractor is restricted to a periodic orbit and a two-torus, but calculation time is much smaller than that of the overall template method. We demonstrate these two algorithms for two solutions, observed in a ring of six-coupled bistable oscillators. One is a saddle torus in the basin boundary of the two switching solutions, and the other is of the two quasi-periodic propagating wave solutions. We calculate the Lyapunov spectrum of the obtained saddle torus, and confirm one positive Lyapunov exponent.

Implementing an interface terminology for structured clinical documentation

Clinically oriented interface terminologies support interactions between humans and computer programs that accept structured entry of healthcare information. This manuscript describes efforts over the past decade to introduce an interface terminology called CHISL (Categorical Health Information Structured Lexicon) into clinical practice as part of a computer-based documentation application at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Vanderbilt supports a spectrum of electronic documentation modalities, ranging from transcribed dictation, to a partial template of free-form notes, to strict, structured data capture. Vanderbilt encourages clinicians to use what they perceive as the most appropriate form of clinical note entry for each given clinical situation. In this setting, CHISL occupies an important niche in clinical documentation. This manuscript reports challenges developers faced in deploying CHISL, and discusses observations about its usage, but does not review other relevant work in the field.

High‐speed image matching using partial template consisting of multiple rectangular areas extracted by genetic algorithm

AbstractIn normalized correlation matching, a template image is set by manual operation before the matching process. Namely, the contents and the size of a template image are determined by the human sense. This paper proposes a method of performing high‐speed normalized correlation matching by extracting multiple partial areas automatically, which is effective in image matching. These extracted multiple partial areas become the new template image. The proposed method extracts multiple partial areas suitable for matching by genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that multiple partial areas including an image pattern that was useful for matching were extracted by the proposed method and that the processing time for image matching was reduced to 50%. The proposed method has higher reliability than conventional methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(10): 1–9, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10373