Partial Least-squares Analysis Research Articles

Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Job Stress, Work-Family Conflict Terhadap Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan BPO di Yogyakarta Dimediasi Job Satisfaction

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of job insecurity, job stress and work-family conflict on turnover intention which is mediated by job satisfaction. This research is quantitative in nature, the data collection tool uses a questionnaire with a sample of 221 employees who work at BPO companies in Yogyakarta and uses the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that job insecurity has a significant effect on job satisfaction, job stress has no effect on job satisfaction, work-family conflict has an effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has an effect on turnover intention, job insecurity has a positive effect on turnover intention, job stress has no influence on turnover intention, work-family conflict has a positive effect on turnover intention, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention, job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between job stress and turnover intention, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work family conflict and turnover intention..

Pharmacological Components and Mechanism Research on the Treatment of Myelosuppression after Chemotherapy with Danggui Jixueteng Decoction Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationships and Transcriptome Sequencing.

Danggui Jixueteng decoction (DJD) has been used to treat anemia for many years and has been shown to be effective. However, the mechanism of action and effective components are yet unknown. We want to search for pharmacodynamic components in DJD with therapeutic effects on myelosuppression after chemotherapy (MAC), utilizing a spectrum-effect connection study based on gray relational analysis and partial least-squares regression analysis. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the mechanism by which DJD treats MAC. In this study, fingerprints of different batches of DJD (S1-S10) were established by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), after which the resulting shared peaks were screened and identified. A total of 21 common peaks were screened through the fingerprints of different batches of DJD, and the similarity of each profile was greater than 0.92. The 21 shared peaks were identified by comparison with the standard sample and searching on a MassLynx 4.1 workstation. The rat model of MAC was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, and DJD treatment was carried out in parallel with the establishment of the model. White blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count, interleukin-3, hemoglobin concentration, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and nucleated cell count were used as efficacy indicators. Pharmacodynamic results indicated that DJD could effectively improve the pharmacodynamic indices of MAC rats. The results of gray relational analysis demonstrated eight peaks with high correlation with efficacy, which were 2, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, and 21, and the partial least-squares regression analysis showed four peaks with variable importance in projection values greater than 1, which were 10, 12, 13, and 19. RNA-Seq was used to identify DEGs in rat bone marrow cells, Gene Ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. The genes related to the effects of DJD on MAC were mainly involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesion, and Rap1 signaling pathways. The results of the RNA-Seq study were confirmed by a qPCR experiment. The effective compounds of DJD against MAC include albiflorin, paeoniflorin, gallopaeoniflorin, salvianolic acid H/I, albiflorin R1, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid E, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and C12H18N5O4. The mechanism by which DJD prevents and treats MAC might involve the control of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Narcissism on display? Effects of full-shot and medium-shot photographs posted on social media on tourists’ attraction visit interest

Through theory of narcissism and leisure constraint theory, this study considers how tourists’ vulnerable narcissism facets and lack of interest travel constraint at destination level affect their interest in attractions after viewing social media photographs of other visitors posed as full shot or medium shot (photograph types). Partial least-squares analysis on 614 survey returns (307 for full-shot and 307 for medium-shot photographs) revealed vulnerable narcissism’s impact on attraction visit interest is mostly evident in wenqing attractions. Lack of interest constraint lowers natural and monument attraction visit interest but not for wenqing attractions. Only entitlement rage facet positively influences lack of interest constraint.

An optimised and validated surrogate analyte A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS technique for detecting and quantifying the biological oxygen demand in surface water.

A 5-day test duration makes BOD5 measurement unsatisfactory and hinders the development of a quick technique. Protein-like fluorescence peaks show a strong correlation between the BOD characteristics and the fluorescence intensities. For identifying and measuring BOD in surface water, a simultaneous absorbance-transmittance and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (A-TEEM) method combined with PARAFAC (parallel factor) and PLS (partial least squares) analyses was developed using a tyrosine and tryptophan (tyr-trpt) mix as a surrogate analyte for BOD. The use of a surrogate analyte was decided upon due to lack of fluorescent BOD standards. Tyr-trpt mix standard solutions were added to surface water samples to prepare calibration and validation samples. PARAFAC analysis of excitation-emission matrices detected the tyr-trpt mix in surface water. PLS modelling demonstrated significant linearity (R2 = 0.991) between the predicted and measured tyr-trypt mix concentrations, and accuracy and robustness were all acceptable per the ICH Q2 (R2) and ASTM multivariate calibration/validation procedures guidelines. Based on a suitable and workable surrogate analyte method, these results imply that BOD can be detected and quantified using the A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS method. Very positive comparability between tyr-trypt mix concentrations was found, suggesting that tyr-trypt mix might eventually take the place of a BOD-based sampling protocol. Overall, this approach offers a novel tool that can be quickly applied in water treatment plant settings and is a step in supporting the trend toward rapid BOD determination in waters. Further studies should demonstrate the wide application of the method using real wastewater samples from various water treatment facilities.

Leveraging Data Utilization and Predictive Analytics: Driving Innovation and Enhancing Decision Making through Ethical Governance

Advances in information technology have fueled an exponential increase in the volume and diversity of data generated by organizations and individuals. In this era, Data Science has emerged as a crucial discipline for uncovering hidden patterns within data, thereby facilitating smarter decision-making processes. This paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the challenges and opportunities in the application of Data Science, with a particular focus on the PLS (Partial Least Squares) analysis method. The PLS method, implemented through the SmartPLS application, synergizes partial path analysis with partial least squares techniques and has gained prominence as a preferred method for analyzing complex structural models within the field of Data Science. This study delves into the practical applications and benefits of PLS in handling diverse and intricate datasets, and also elucidates the potential obstacles encountered during its implementation. By examining the methodological strengths and addressing the challenges associated with PLS, this paper aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to leverage this method and the SmartPLS application for enhanced data analysis and informed decision-making.

Accumulation and Quantitative Assessment of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene Marine Source Rocks of the Qiongdongnan Basin.

The intense collision between marine and terrestrial agents results in the dual-source (marine and terrigenous) characteristics of marine source rocks. Our research quantitatively assessed terrestrial organic matter and revealed the crucial role of terrestrial organic materials in the organic matter enrichment of lower Miocene to upper Oligocene marine source rocks in the Qiongdognnan Basin. The quantitative assessment was achieved using partial least-squares analysis with eight biomarker parameters associated with n-alkanes, isoprenoids, bicadinanes, taraxerane, tricyclic terpanes, and gammacerane. Differential unloading of terrestrial organic materials based on sedimentary facies of the delta-marginal sea system were observed through oleanane and bicadinane contents. It should be noted that the diagnostic ratio of oleanane was excluded from the quantitative analysis due to the dual influence from differential unloading and contact with seawater of the terrestrial organic materials. Calculation results show that the terrestrial organic matter was highest in the delta front at 70%, followed by prodelta at 59% and inner shallow marine at 57%. From the late Oligocene to the early Miocene, the proportion of terrestrial organic matter in marine source rocks continuously increased, with the highest average value observed in the second member of the Sanya Formation at 69% and the lowest occurring in the third member of the Lingshui Formation at 46%. Increasing terrestrial organic material inputs and preservation driven by the East Asian summer monsoon provided first-order control of the accumulation of organic carbon in the Qiongdongnan Basin during late Oligocene to early Miocene, rather than the bioproductivity of marine algae. The redox conditions of the water column determine the enrichment extent of organic matter.

Variety is the spice: The role of morphological variation of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) at a macro-scale

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). One of the primary vectors of T. cruzi in South America is Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834). This triatomine species is distributed across a huge latitudinal gradient, inhabiting domiciliary , peridomiciliary , and wild environments. Its wide geographic distribution provides an excellent opportunity to study the relationships between environmental gradients and intraspecific morphological variation. In this study, we investigated variations in wing size and shape in T. infestans across six ecoregions. We aimed to address the following questions: How do wing size and shape vary on a regional scale, does morphological variation follow specific patterns along an environmental or latitudinal gradient, and what environmental factors might contribute to wing variation? Geometric morphometric methods were applied to the wings of 162 females belonging to 21 T. infestans populations, 13 from Argentina (n = 105), 5 from Bolivia (n = 42), and 3 from Paraguay (n = 15). A comparison of wing centroid size across the 21 populations showed significant differences. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) revealed significant differences in wing shape between the populations from Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, although there was a considerable overlap, especially among the Argentinian populations. Well-structured populations were observed for the Bolivian and Paraguayan groups. Two analyses were performed to assess the association between wing size and shape, geographic and climatic variables: multiple linear regression analysis (MRA) for size and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for shape. The MRA showed a significant general model fit. Six temperature-related variables, one precipitation-related variable, and the latitude showed significant associations with wing size. The PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between wing shape with latitude, longitude, temperature-related, and rainfall-related variables. Wing size and shape in T. infestans populations varied across geographic distribution. Our findings demonstrate that geographic and climatic variables significantly influence T. infestans wing morphology.

The Influence Of The Use Of Information Technology And Competence On Employee Performance At The Population And Civil Registry Service Of Pagar Alam City

This research aims to determine the influence of information technology and competency on employee performance at the Pagar Alam City Population and Civil Registry Service. The dependent variable in this research is Employee Performance (Y) and the independent variables are Information Technology (X1) and Competency (X2). The population and research sample were 50 employees at the Population and Civil Registry Service of Pagar Alam City. The data obtained were analyzed using the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique via SmartPLS Software and the SPSS 26 application. Where it was partially processed using the PLS analysis technique while it was simultaneously processed using the SPSS 26 application. Based on the research results it can be concluded that: (1) Information technology positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) Competency has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (3) simultaneously, information technology and competence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

Connectome reorganization associated with temporal lobe pathology and its surgical resection.

Network neuroscience offers a unique framework to understand the organizational principles of the human brain. Despite recent progress, our understanding of how the brain is modulated by focal lesions remains incomplete. Resection of the temporal lobe is the most effective treatment to control seizures in pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), making this syndrome a powerful model to study lesional effects on network organization in young and middle-aged adults. Here, we assessed the downstream consequences of a focal lesion and its surgical resection on the brain's structural connectome, and explored how this reorganization relates to clinical variables at the individual patient level. We included adults with pharmaco-resistant TLE (n = 37) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between two imaging time points, as well as age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent comparable imaging (n = 31). Core to our analysis was the projection of high-dimensional structural connectome data-derived from diffusion MRI tractography from each subject-into lower-dimensional gradients. We then compared connectome gradients in patients relative to controls before surgery, tracked surgically-induced connectome reconfiguration from pre- to postoperative time points, and examined associations to patient-specific clinical and imaging phenotypes. Before surgery, individuals with TLE presented with marked connectome changes in bilateral temporo-parietal regions, reflecting an increased segregation of the ipsilateral anterior temporal lobe from the rest of the brain. Surgery-induced connectome reorganization was localized to this temporo-parietal subnetwork, but primarily involved postoperative integration of contralateral regions with the rest of the brain. Using a partial least-squares analysis, we uncovered a latent clinical-imaging signature underlying this pre- to postoperative connectome reorganization, showing that patients who displayed postoperative integration in bilateral fronto-occipital cortices also had greater preoperative ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy, lower seizure frequency, and secondarily generalized seizures. Our results bridge the effects of focal brain lesions and their surgical resections with large-scale network reorganization and inter-individual clinical variability, thus offering new avenues to examine the fundamental malleability of the human brain.

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Ukuran KAP terhadap Audit Report Lag dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Perusahaan Sektor Transportasi dan Logistik yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Liquidity, Solvency, KAP Size, and Company Size on Audit Report Lag with Profitability as a moderating variable in transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2019-2022 period. The samples used in this study were 52 transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2019-2022 period. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling, namely saturated sampling (census). The research method uses a quantitative approach with the analysis of Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis techniques with the SmartPLS Version 4.0 program. The results, state that Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on Audit Report Lag. Solvency has a positive and significant effect on Audit Report Lag. KAP size has a positive and significant effect on Audit Report Lag. Company size has a positive and significant effect on Audit Report Lag. Profitability has a positive and significant effect on Audit Report Lag. Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on Profitability. Solvency has a positive and significant effect on Profitability. KAP size has a positive and significant effect on Profitability. Company size has a positive and significant effect on Profitability. Profitability cannot moderate the relationship between Liquidity on Audit Report Lag, Profitability cannot moderate the relationship between Solvency on Audit Report Lag, Profitability cannot moderate the relationship between KAP Size on Audit Report Lag, and Profitability cannot moderate the relationship between Company Size on Audit Report Lag.

Disease evolution and organ damage accrual in patients with stable UCTD: a long-term monocentric inception cohort

ObjectivesUndifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTDs) are systemic autoimmune conditions that cannot be diagnosed nor classified as defined CTD; the majority maintains an undifferentiated profile (stable UCTD, sUCTD) over time. Data...

Analytical solution to partial least squares

Partial least squares (PLS) is a widely used multivariate statistical technique, which can be used in neuroimaging, process monitoring, economics, etc. Because the standard PLS is trained by nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm, which can only obtain the numerical solution rather than the analytical solution. Therefore, it is hard for the subsequent theoretical analysis in PLS and the iterative optimization process is computationally intensive. This paper proposes an analytical solution to take the place of NIPALS. This determination meaningfully contributes to future theoretical analysis of PLS. In addition, the analytical solution demonstrates that the selection of initial vector in NIPALS does not affect the PLS training results. Moreover, the analytical solution avoids the multiple iterative calculations, so the divergence of the calculation process will be avoided and the computation burden will be reduced significantly.

The Influence of Building Quality, Strategic Location, and Price on the Decision to Purchase Subsidized Housing in the Cileungsi Area

This study aims to present a comprehensive depiction of the factors influencing the decision-making process regarding the purchase of subsidized housing, focusing specifically on variables such as building quality, strategic location, and price. The research objectives include identifying the key variables impacting the choice of acquiring subsidized housing in the Cileungsi region through a quantitative descriptive approach. Utilizing purposive sampling, the study surveyed one hundred local residents who recently acquired homes through government assistance programs. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) employing variance-based methods or component-based structural equation modeling, specifically Partial Least Squares (PLS), was utilized for data analysis. The anticipated outcomes of this investigation are expected to contribute significantly to understanding consumer behavior in the context of subsidized housing purchases in Cileungsi. Moreover, the application of PLS analysis methods is poised to provide an in-depth comprehension of the interrelationships among variables within the tested model and furnish strategic recommendations for developers of subsidized housing and pertinent stakeholders to enhance product appeal.

Characterizing the Impact of Cyanobacterial Blooms on the Photoreactivity of Surface Waters from New York Lakes: A Combined Statewide Survey and Laboratory Investigation.

Cyanobacterial blooms introduce autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) into aquatic environments, but their impact on surface water photoreactivity has not been investigated through collaborative field sampling with comparative laboratory assessments. In this work, we quantified the apparent quantum yields (Φapp,RI) of reactive intermediates (RIs), including excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), for whole water samples collected by citizen volunteers from more than 100 New York lakes. Multiple comparisons tests and orthogonal partial least-squares analysis identified the level of cyanobacterial chlorophyll a as a key factor in explaining the enhanced photoreactivity of whole water samples sourced from bloom-impacted lakes. Laboratory recultivation of bloom samples in bloom-free lake water demonstrated that apparent increases in Φapp,RI during cyanobacterial growth were likely driven by the production of photoreactive moieties through the heterotrophic transformation of freshly produced labile bloom exudates. Cyanobacterial proliferation also altered the energy distribution of 3DOM* and contributed to the accelerated transformation of protriptyline, a model organic micropollutant susceptible to photosensitized reactions, under simulated sunlight conditions. Overall, our study provides insights into the relationship between the photoreactivity of surface waters and the limnological characteristics and trophic state of lakes and highlights the relevance of cyanobacterial abundance in predicting the photoreactivity of bloom-impacted surface waters.

The Influence of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion as Women Workers' Activities and Performance at the Puri Santrian Hotel

Literacy finance followed with inclusion finance public. Inclusion finance related tightly with literacy For increase ability activity worker in use service finance. The low knowledge literacy finance somebody become reason appearance error management finances, however Lots workers who are still Not yet own knowledge good literacy. Current research accomplished the goal ie look for know exists influence (1) Literacy finance to Activity worker women , (2) Inclusion finance to Activity worker women , (3) Literacy finance on Performance, (4) Inclusion finance on Performance, (5) Activities worker woman on Performance, (6) Literacy finance with mediated by activity worker woman on Performance, and (7) Inclusion finance with mediated by activity worker woman on Performance. Study This held at the Puri Santrian Hotel in 2024 with subject study worker woman at the Puri Santrian hotel with respondents as many as 101 workers. Average results respondents For Literacy finance 4.39; Inclusion finance 4.40; Activity finance worker women 4.39 and Performance 4.49. The analysis technique researcher use Partial Least Squares (PLS) . According to results PLS analysis shows all over the hypothesis with p-value s0.05 indicates happen rejection of H o as well reception H a d. Regarding the means literacy finance influence activity finance worker woman as well as performance in a way significant . Inclusion finance in a way positive influential significant on activity finance worker women and performance. Activity finance worker woman in a way positive effect on performance with characteristic significant. In conclusion inclusion finance as well as literacy finance influence nature of performance positive as well as significant with mediated by activity finance worker woman at the Puri Santrian Hotel.

Real-Time Quantitative Evaluation of a Drug during Liposome Preparation Using a Probe-Type Raman Spectrometer.

During the manufacturing process of liposome formulations, it is considered difficult to evaluate their physicochemical properties and biological profiles due to the complexity of their structure and manufacturing process. Conventional quality evaluation is labor-intensive and time-consuming; therefore, there was a need to introduce a method that could perform in-line, real-time evaluation during the manufacturing process. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor in real time the encapsulation of drugs into liposomes and the drug release, which are particularly important quality evaluation items. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least-squares (PLS) analysis was used for quantitative drug evaluation to assess consistency with results from UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV), a common quantification method. The prepared various ciprofloxacin (CPFX) liposomes were placed in cellulose tubes, and a probe-type Raman spectrophotometer was used to monitor drug encapsulation, the removal of unencapsulated drug, and drug release characteristics in real time using a dialysis method. In the Raman spectra of the liposomes prepared by remote loading, the intensities of the CPFX-derived peaks increased upon drug encapsulation and showed a slight decrease upon removal of the unencapsulated drug. Furthermore, the peak intensity decreased more gradually during the drug release. In all Raman monitoring experiments, the discrepancy between quantified values of CPFX concentration in liposomes, as measured by Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least-squares (PLS) analysis, and those obtained through ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was within 6.7%. The results revealed that the quantitative evaluation of drugs using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and PLS analysis was as accurate as the evaluation using UV spectrophotometry, which was used for comparison. These results indicate the promising potential of Raman spectroscopy as an innovative method for the quality evaluation of liposomal formulations.

Ligand-based Molecular Modeling of HDL Receptor SR-BI Inhibitors As Potent Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agents

Introduction:: The High-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SRBI) plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and atherosclerosis. In the present study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship study (QSAR) investigation was conducted on a data set of 31 novel indolinyl thiazole-based inhibitors of SR-BI mediated lipid uptake. Method:: To build the QSAR model, Multiple linear regression analysis (MLR), partial least square analysis (PLS), and neural analysis (NN) were performed which were further evaluated internally as well as externally for the prediction of activity. The best QSAR model for MLR was selected with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.937, cross-validation r2cv of 0.908, and a standard error (S) value of 0.253. For PLS, r2 was 0.937 and for FFNN r2 was 0.961 (for the training set). This was further evaluated externally by a test set having r2 values 0.870 (MLR), 0.863(PLS), and 0.933(neural network) analysis. Result:: The final model comprised hydrophobic parameters (Lipole Z component) and steric parameters (molar refractivity and K alpha2 index). Conclusion:: All these descriptors generated comparable results which prove that the model generated is sound and has good predictability.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keuangan: Perspektif Manajemen Keuangan dan Financial Self-Eficacy di Lingkungan Desa

This research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the Financial Management Behavior of Women Empowering Family Welfare in Sukomulyo Village. This research aims to analyze the influence of Financial Knowledge and Financial Attitude variables on Financial Management Behavior with Financial Self-efficacy as a mediating variable among Mothers who are Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Administrators in Sukomulyo Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency. The type of research used is quantitative with data analysis techniques using PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis with the SmartPLS program. The population and sample used in this research were the Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) administrators at the Sukomulyo Village Community Association, totaling 135 respondents. The research results show that Financial Knowledge and Financial Attitudes have a positive effect on Financial Management Behavior. Apart from that, both also have a positive effect on Financial Self-efficacy, which in turn also influences Financial Management Behavior. Financial Self-efficacy also functions as a mediating variable, which connects Financial Knowledge and Financial Attitudes with Financial Management Behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of having good Financial Knowledge, a positive Financial Attitude, and strong Financial Self-efficacy in forming wise financial management behavior among mothers in the village.

Determinant Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention within Generation Z Students: Case of Koléa University Campus in Algeria

Purpose: This research work attempts to identify the determining factors of Koléa university campus generation Z students’ entrepreneurial intention.
 Design/Method/Approach: The applied research method is a quantitative approach in which a sample of 93 responses were analyzed using two software tools, IBM SPSS 25 and smartPLS4, and by adopting Structural Equation Modeling and Partial Least Squares for analysis and estimation.
 Findings: Results showed a significant and positive impact of subjective norms on the entrepreneurial intention of the study sample. However, entrepreneurial training, attitude towards entrepreneurship, and perceived behavioral control had no impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of these students.
 Theoretical Implications: This study contributes to the extent literature on generation Z students’ entrepreneurial intention in an Algerian context by highlighting the importance of subjective norms in fostering this intention.
 Practical Implications: Algerian universities should pay more attention to entrepreneurial education and trainings they offer to their students in order to incite them to create their own business.
 Originality/Value: Understanding the characteristics of generation Z students is important for universities and businesses. knowing what stimulates the generation Z entrepreneurial intention is both interesting and primordial. In addition, such study in the Algerian context is scarce and still not common.
 Research Limitations/Future Research: Limitations in this study include those related to the size of the sample and its area by focusing only on Koléa university students. Therefore, it is desirable to conduct more studies on the variables impacting entrepreneurial intention among Generation Z students enrolled in different Algerian institutions and to draw conclusions by extrapolating the results.
 Paper Type: Empirical
 
 JEL Classification: C12, C15, C29, I21, L26

Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran

The study aims to analyze budget participation and budget clarity on budgetary slack, are moderated by human resources quality at BLUD Puskesmas in Jombang Regency. The population of this study are 34 BLUD Puskesmas di Jombang Regency with the research subjects are administration coordinator, data planning and management coordinator, and financial coordinator from BLUD Puskesmas. The number of samples in this study is 25 BLUD Puskesmas that obtained by using slovin formula, resulting in a total of 75 employees as respondents. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling with lottery method. The type research is quantitive research with the Partial Least Square (PLS) The steps used in PLS analysis technique are outer model analysis, inner model analysis, and hypothesis test. The result show that budget participation has a positive effect on budgetary slack, budget clarity has a negative effect on budgetary slack, human resources quality is not able to moderate budget participation on budgetary slack, and human resources quality is able to moderate budget clarity on budgetary slack.