Partial Convergence Research Articles

The politics of accountability in global sustainable commodity governance: Dilemmas of institutional competition and convergence

AbstractThe accountability of market‐driven sustainability governance has long been controversial, reflecting the deeply political processes through which accountability contests shape governance transformations. Drawing on illustrative examples from internationally traded agro‐commodity sectors in the critical case of Indonesia, this paper examines the contested processes of accountability that have accompanied a recent period of institutional change in sustainability governance. Amidst rising critiques of global certification, there has been a parallel expansion of governance approaches that prioritise capability development over regulatory enforcement and engage more intensively with governments in commodity‐producing countries. As alternative governance models gain influence, tensions between competing governance stakeholders and agendas are mirrored and amplified through parallel accountability contests, in which distributional conflicts between global and local stakeholders are intensified by pressures to adopt contentious systems of compliance verification. While accountability gaps associated with contrasting institutional models produce strong pressures for partial institutional convergence, such convergence coexists with new forms of institutional fragmentation, as competition between global and national certification expands to encompass competition with localised capacity‐building and jurisdictional approaches. Analysis highlights the often‐neglected role of accountability politics in shaping institutional change, while raising pressing questions about the distributional implications of contemporary shifts away from global certification governance models.

Of flippers and wings: The locomotor environment as a driver of the evolution of forelimb morphological diversity in mammals

Abstract The early diversification of tetrapods into terrestrial environments involved adaptations of their locomotor apparatus that allowed for weight support and propulsion on heterogeneous surfaces. Many lineages subsequently returned to the water, while others conquered the aerial environment, further diversifying under the physical constraints of locomoting through continuous fluid media. While many studies have explored the relationship between locomotion in continuous fluids and body mass, none have focused on how continuous fluid media have impacted the macroevolutionary patterns of limb shape diversity. We investigated whether mammals that left terrestrial environments to use air and water as their main locomotor environment experienced constraints on the morphological evolution of their forelimb, assessing their degree of morphological disparity and convergence. We gathered a comprehensive sample of more than 800 species that cover the extant family‐level diversity of mammals, using linear measurements of the forelimb skeleton to determine its shape and size. Among mammals, fully aquatic groups have the most disparate forelimb shapes, possibly due to the many different functional roles performed by flippers or the relaxation of constraints on within‐flipper bone proportions. Air‐based locomotion, in contrast, is linked to restricted forelimb shape diversity. Bats and gliding mammals exhibit similar morphological patterns that have resulted in partial phenotypic convergence, mostly involving the elongation of the proximal forelimb segments. Thus, whereas aquatic locomotion drives forelimb shape diversification, aerial locomotion constrains forelimb diversity. These results demonstrate that locomotion in continuous fluid media can either facilitate or limit morphological diversity and more broadly that locomotor environments have fostered the morphological and functional evolution of mammalian forelimbs. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

MODEL FOR ESTIMATING SKIN FACTOR OF PERFORATED LINERS IN HORIZONTAL WELLS

One notable completion method for enhancing productivity in horizontal wells is the use of perforated liners. However, a major challenge common to horizontally completed wells is to perform an accurate measurement of the skin factor. Perforated liners can create several hurdles, capable of negatively affecting productivity, such as partial plugging, flow convergence, and turbulence. This paper introduces a new analytical skin factor model which incorporates distance between perforations and explains the effects of flowrate on skin for various parameters like perforation radius, wellbore radius, and distance between perforations for perforated liner completions. Results show that skin factor is directly proportional to flow rate and distance between perforations, however, they are inversely proportional to wellbore radius and penetration. From sensitivity analysis, the distance between perforations represents a key source to flow convergence and restriction to flow. This work describes how model validation shows good agreement with the existing model, and demonstrates the application of the new model.

Toward Development of a Novel Proprioceptive Trail-Making Test: Comparing Healthy Dancers and Non-Dancers.

There is a pressing need for ecologically valid versions of traditional neuropsychological tests indexing executive function (EF), such as the Trail-Making Task (TMT), that incorporate movement and bodily awareness in healthy participants with varying abilities. We designed a proprioceptive version of the TMT (pTMT) that involved coordinated gross motor movement and proprioceptive awareness to investigate whether this measure of visual attention, task switching, and working memory positively correlated with a computerized version of the TMT (the dTMT). We aimed to establish the initial validity of our proprioceptive TMT (pTMT) by comparing performances on the dTMT and pTMT among a cohort of 36 healthy participants (18 dancers, 18 non-dancers; M age = 22, SD = 5.27; 64% female) anticipating that dancers would express higher intrinsic bodily awareness than non-dancers. Results revealed a mild to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between dTMT and pTMT completion times [part A: r (36) = .33, p = .04; part B: r (36) = .37, p = .03] and numbers of errors [part B: r (36) = .41, p = .01] across both participant groups. These data suggest partial measurement convergence between these two TMT versions. Relative to non-dancers, dancers exhibited a higher level of performance (likely due to their better proprioceptive ability) through their faster completion times on dTMT-B [t (34) = 3.81, p = .006, d = 1.27] and pTMT-B [t (34) = 2.97, p = .005, d = .99], and their fewer errors on dTMT-B [t (34) = 2.93, p = .006, d = 1.0]. By identifying cognitive differences between these different groups of healthy individuals, our data contribute to both a theoretical understanding and the initial development of gross motor movement-based cognitive assessments, providing a path toward the further refinement of an ecologically valid full-body TMT.

An Accelerated Fixed-Point Algorithm Applied to Quadratic Convex Separable Knapsack Problems

In this article, we propose a root-finding algorithm for solving a quadratic convex separable knapsack problem, which is more straightforward than existing methods and competitive in practice. Besides, we also present an extension of the proposal, which improves its computational time, and then we incorporate the accelerated Anderson’s and Aitken’s fixed-point algorithms to obtain better results. The algorithm only performs function evaluations. We present partial convergence results of the algorithm. Moreover, we illustrate superior computational results in medium and large problems as well as the applicability of the algorithm with real-life applications to show their efficiency.

Rapid Online Corrections for Proprioceptive and Visual Perturbations Recruit Similar Circuits in Primary Motor Cortex.

An important aspect of motor function is our ability to rapidly generate goal-directed corrections for disturbances to the limb or behavioral goal. The primary motor cortex (M1) is a key region involved in processing feedback for rapid motor corrections, yet we know little about how M1 circuits are recruited by different sources of sensory feedback to make rapid corrections. We trained two male monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to make goal-directed reaches and on random trials introduced different sensory errors by either jumping the visual location of the goal (goal jump), jumping the visual location of the hand (cursor jump), or applying a mechanical load to displace the hand (proprioceptive feedback). Sensory perturbations evoked a broad response in M1 with ∼73% of neurons (n = 257) responding to at least one of the sensory perturbations. Feedback responses were also similar as response ranges between the goal and cursor jumps were highly correlated (range of r = [0.91, 0.97]) as were the response ranges between the mechanical loads and the visual perturbations (range of r = [0.68, 0.86]). Lastly, we identified the neural subspace each perturbation response resided in and found a strong overlap between the two visual perturbations (range of overlap index, 0.73-0.89) and between the mechanical loads and visual perturbations (range of overlap index, 0.36-0.47) indicating each perturbation evoked similar structure of activity at the population level. Collectively, our results indicate rapid responses to errors from different sensory sources target similar overlapping circuits in M1.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE “DACHA TEXT” IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 19TH–21ST CENTURIES (FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY, GEORGY CHULKOV, YURY TRIFONOV, YURI MAMLEEV, EUGENE VODOLAZKIN, ETC.)

Fyodor Dostoevsky turned to his dacha in the 1840s as a health-improving kind of “urban topos”, but in the 1860s he rethought its topic in the aspect of public demands of Russia during the era of liberal reforms. A sharp surge of interest in the dacha in the late 1860s, under conditions of estate nobility's loss of the leading position in Russia, was caused by Fyodor Dostoevsky's search for a platform for dialogue between the social groups of Russia within which, a common worldview was developed and the new “best people” were identified. However, along with the rejection of the social class hierarchy inherent in dacha, openness and freedom, the writer also noted negative features - human personality sovereignty restriction (dictate of public opinion, inability to hide from prying eyes) and deterioration (gossip, drunkenness, quarrels, vulgar flirting, etc.). In the 1870s, Fyodor Dostoevsky's interest in dacha as a promising socio-cultural model had been fading, and he would fully share the prevailing attitude towards it as a focus of everyday vulgarity and mediocrity, in the last third of the 19th – the early 20th century, switching to the further development of the “estate topos”. Further, the article traces these antinomies in the image of Fyodor Dostoevsky's dacha in the literature of the Russian Fin de siècle (Georgy Chulkov), in Soviet (Yury Trifonov) and post-Soviet (Aleksey Varlamov, Yuri Mamleev and Eugene Vodolazkin) prose. The conclusion is made about the viability of the “dacha text” in the Russian literature of the 20th century due to its partial convergence with the inspiring topic of the estate.

World regional natural gas prices: Convergence, divergence or what? New evidence

Mixed and outdated natural gas price convergence results have caused confusion among analysts and strongly call for a comprehensive revision of the topic. The issue has been exacerbated with the recent rampant increase in LNG trade and the emergence of new gas spot trading hubs. Filling the gap, this study conducts growth convergence testing and clustering analysis on a panel comprised of four established gas price benchmarks and two emerging ones that expand up to the pre-Covid-19 period. The most significant finding is that no gas price convergence can be found outside Europe. This is despite the existence of episodes of partial convergence that are identified in the literature, and replicated and explained here. Importantly, the results strongly reject the postulate that increased LNG flows serve as a price-levelling arbitrage mechanism. Overall, these findings inform analysts, researchers and policymakers that they should be wary about taking convergence claims for granted.

Research on airflow convergence patterns and air distribution characteristics under multi-column attachment ventilation

Multi-column attachment ventilation (M-CAV) is usually delivered to the occupied zone by floor-attached airflows in large spaces. However, after the floor-attached airflow converges, the original air distribution will change, which will have an important impact on the traditional air distribution design. In this paper, airflow convergence patterns and air distribution characteristics in the most common double-column and tri-column layouts are studied by experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A 1:3 scaled-down model was established for velocity experiments and flow field visualization, and the results were used to verify and optimize the CFD model. The results indicated a seagull-like convergence flow pattern under the symmetric double-column layout. Under the axisymmetric layout with different column spacings, the floor-attached airflow in the half-open air outlet mode exhibited full convergence with the merging point (point MP) and combined point (point CP), partial convergence with point MP, and non-convergence without point MP and point CP. Under the centrosymmetric layout, an M-shaped velocity distribution was formed, and no airflow converged. For equal-velocity conditions, the dimensionless convergence axial velocity distributions for different air supply velocities was approximately consistent. In the fully-open air outlet mode, the floor-attached airflow could be divided into the collision-dominated region, the combined collision and convergence-dominated region, and the convergence-dominated region based on the forms of airflow interaction. For unequal-velocity conditions, the high-velocity airflow restricted the diffusion of the low-velocity airflow.

Effects of isolation and confinement on gastrointestinal microbiota-a systematic review.

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose composition and function are influenced by many internal and external factors. Overall, the individual GI microbiota composition appears to be rather stable but can be influenced by extreme shifts in environmental exposures. To date, there is no systematic literature review that examines the effects of extreme environmental conditions, such as strict isolation and confinement, on the GI microbiota. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of isolated and confined environments on the human GI microbiota. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA criteria using PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were identified based on exposure to isolated and confined environments, generally being also antigen-limited, for a minimum of 28 days and classified according to the microbiota analysis method (cultivation- or molecular based approaches) and the isolation habitat (space, space- or microgravity simulation such as MARS-500 or natural isolation such as Antarctica). Microbial shifts in abundance, alpha diversity and community structure in response to isolation were assessed. Regardless of the study habitat, inconsistent shifts in abundance of 40 different genera, mainly in the phylum Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) were reported. Overall, the heterogeneity of studies was high. Reducing heterogeneity was neither possible by differentiating the microbiota analysis methods nor by subgrouping according to the isolation habitat. Alpha diversity evolved non-specifically, whereas the microbial community structure remained dissimilar despite partial convergence. The GI ecosystem returned to baseline levels following exposure, showing resilience irrespective of the experiment length. An isolated and confined environment has a considerable impact on the GI microbiota composition in terms of diversity and relative abundances of dominant taxa. However, due to a limited number of studies with rather small sample sizes, it is important to approach an in-depth conclusion with caution, and results should be considered as a preliminary trend. The risk of dysbiosis and associated diseases should be considered when planning future projects in extreme environments. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022357589.

Partial convergence of the human vaginal and rectal maternal microbiota in late gestation and early post-partum

The human vaginal and fecal microbiota change during pregnancy. Because of the proximity of these perineal sites and the evolutionarily conserved maternal-to-neonatal transmission of the microbiota, we hypothesized that the microbiota of these two sites (rectal and vaginal) converge during the last gestational trimester as part of the preparation for parturition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 16S rRNA sequences from vaginal introitus and rectal samples in 41 women at gestational ages 6 and 8 months, and at 2 months post-partum. The results show that the human vaginal and rectal bacterial microbiota converged during the last gestational trimester and into the 2nd month after birth, with a significant decrease in Lactobacillus species in both sites, as alpha diversity progressively increased in the vagina and decreased in the rectum. The microbiota convergence of the maternal vaginal-anal sites perinatally might hold significance for the inter-generational transmission of the maternal microbiota.

Energy productivity and GHG emission in the european agriculture: The club convergence approach

The agricultural production plays an important role in food provision and income generation for the rural population. To mitigate the climate change and ensure food security, the agricultural sector has faced multiple initiatives, including the European Green Deal. Developing effective frameworks for measures under such initiatives requires identifying reasonable benchmarks. Accordingly, it is important to assess the patterns of input use and productivity in the agricultural sector. This paper focuses on the agricultural energy productivity in the European Union (EU) Member States during 2005–2019. Indeed, the EU allocates substantial support to improve resource efficiency and reduce climate pressures in the agriculture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to apply the club convergence approach for the energy productivity the EU agriculture. This particular approach allows identifying the homogenous groups of the EU countries and, subsequently, assess the dynamics of the agricultural energy productivity within these groups. The results indicate that the agricultural energy productivity still requires attention in the EU countries, as only partial convergence was observed during 2015–2019. The EU countries were grouped into five clusters with different levels of the agricultural energy productivity. The results imply that the differences among resulting clusters remained rather stable over time. Therefore, relevant policies addressing energy efficiency issues can be developed for these relatively homogeneous groups to ensure further cohesion. The results suggest that countries with high energy productivity may show high levels of greenhouse gas intensity (and low levels of, e.g., labour productivity). Therefore, energy conservation and introduction of clean energy is a complex task that can be guided by the proposed framework and adjustment in the Common Agricultural Policy measures.

A kiss of deep homology: partial convergence in the genomic basis of hypertrophied lips in cichlid fish and human cleft lip.

The genomic loci generating both adaptive and maladaptive variation could be surprisingly predictable in deeply homologous vertebrate structures like lips. Variation in highly conserved vertebrate traits such as jaws and teeth in organisms as evolutionarily disparate as teleost fishes and mammals are known to be structured by the same genes. Likewise, hypertrophied lips that have evolved repeatedly in Neotropical and African cichlid fish lineages could share unexpectedly similar genetic bases themselves and even provide surprising insight into the loci underlying human craniofacial anomalies. To isolate the genomic regions underlying adaptive divergence in hypertrophied lips, we first employed genome wide associations (GWA) in several species of African cichlids from Lake Malawi. Then, we tested if these GWA regions were shared through hybridization with another Lake Malawi cichlid lineage that has evolved hypertrophied lips seemingly in parallel. Overall, introgression among hypertrophied lip lineages appeared limited. Among our Malawi GWA regions, one contained the gene kcnj16 that has been implicated in the convergently evolved hypertrophied lips in Central American Midas cichlids that diverged from the Malawi radiation over 50 million years ago. The Malawi hypertrophied lip GWA regions also contained several additional genes that cause human lip-associated birth defects. Cichlid fishes are becoming prominent examples of replicated genomic architecture underlying trait convergence and are increasingly providing insight into human craniofacial anomalies such as cleft lip.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Integrated Electricity and Gas Systems

The dynamic simulation of the integrated electricity and gas system (IEGS) is effective for accurate operational guidance. However, the IEGS model governed by partial and ordinary differential-algebraic equations (PDAE) is challenging for analysis, because it poses heterogeneous properties, high dimensionality, and strong nonlinearity. To eliminate the nonlinear terms, this paper firstly derives the expression of average flow velocity (AFV) and reformulates the gas flow dynamics into the variable-coefficient partial differential equations (VC-PDE), whose consistency, stability, and convergence can be theoretically guaranteed. Then, a novel adaptive step size control (ASC) strategy is developed for VC-PDE solvers to improve computational efficiency and accuracy. Finally, this paper builds a framework for the simulation of IEGS considering the dynamics in the natural gas network (NGN) and coupling units, where the bidirectional interaction between the electric power system (EPS) and NGN is investigated. Case studies verify the superiority of the proposed VC-PDE solver with ASC regarding accuracy, stability, convergence, and efficiency in different systems.

GREATER EURASIA PARTNERSHIP: DOMESTIC AND REGIONAL ELEMENTS OF FOREIGN POLICY CONVERGENCE

China-Russia strategic partnership has evolved into a new stage where the two great powers share increasing overlapping and complementary interests. The Greater Eurasia Partnership (GEP) framework offers an integrated approach to conducting their relations by deepening collaborative partnerships through regional development and security cooperation. This article aims to analyze evolving nature of the GEP by focusing on domestic and regional elements of foreign policy convergence. Although connecting the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to the GEP illustrates the domestic level of convergence in their foreign policies, the regional context reflects a partial convergence that entails further policy coordination in managing potential risks and challenges, particularly in Central Asia and more broadly in Eurasia. In examining the evolving nature of GEP, the international political economy perspective is applied to foreign policy analysis with a particular focus on the development-security nexus. The article concludes with a discussion of the main drivers and future trajectory of the GEP with regard to regional and global stability.

Prosocial behavior in toddlerhood and early childhood: Consistency across subtypes and over time.

Young children show their capacity for compassion and their desire to enhance the welfare of others in multiple ways. The present study sought to address gaps in knowledge regarding prosociality in the early years. Specifically, the study examined whether different subtypes of prosociality are interrelated, whether they are consistent over time, as well as the meaning of young children's spontaneous versus cued prosocial behavior. In a longitudinal sample (N = 151), three subtypes of prosocial behavior-instrumental helping, compassionate helping (comforting), and sharing-were assessed using behavioral tasks in toddlerhood (18 months) and early childhood (36 months). Consistent with hypothesis, partial convergence was found between the different prosociality subtypes at each age. There was also modest continuity over time, both within and across prosocial subtypes. Moreover, at both ages, when children helped or shared spontaneously, they also provided more assistance in the task. Children's tendency to assist spontaneously was partially consistent across situations by early childhood. The findings indicate that a moderately stable disposition toward prosociality is already evident during early ontogeny. Moreover, different subtypes of prosocial behavior are distinct yet interrelated in the early years, suggesting they have both common and unique underlying mechanisms. Lastly, young children's spontaneous (versus cued) prosocial action appears to reflect both motivational and cognitive processes.

Similar citizen portrayals? Converging media-based othering in tabloids and broadsheets

Political communication researchers studying the news media coverage often distinguish between broadsheets and tabloids when sampling relevant news outlets. But recent work has pointed towards a ‘tabloidization’ of news coverage, complicating the empirical distinction between the two. Computational methods for text analysis can help us better understand how distinct the news coverage between these two types of news outlets is. We take the Brexit referendum as a case study illustrating various aspects in which broadsheets and tabloids cover an issue permeated by othering and divisive rhetoric. We focus on Brexit-related news coverage before and after the referendum (N = 32,946) and use word embeddings to analyze the portrayal of different groups of citizens that can generate an in- and outgroup divide. First, we document the presence of media-based othering in the form of overly similar migrant and European Union citizen representations that are, in turn, very dissimilar to the UK citizen representation. Second, we show partial convergence between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, as differences in the degree and characteristics of media coverage are rather small and specific.

The future of private-label markets: A global convergence approach

Private-label (PL) shares are characterized by considerable heterogeneity across both countries and categories, not only in their current level, but also in the rate at which they are growing. This creates ambiguity about their remaining growth potential. To offer insights into the likely long-run PL shares, we take a forward-looking perspective by means of a convergence model. We apply the model to two unique datasets that together span more than 50 countries, both emerging and developed, across more than70 CPG categories. We find evidence of partial PL convergence: even though PL shares will become more similar, part of the currently observed heterogeneity will persist. The future evolution in two key marketing instruments, new-product introductions by both NB manufacturers and retailers and the NB-PL price gap, is found to play a substantial role in shaping the global PL landscape of the future. This impact is not uniform, however, but depends on the category, and varies with the retail, economic and cultural context. In addition, the long-run impact of both marketing drivers differs from what is currently observed, suggesting that managers should not adhere too strongly to earlier practices when planning for the future.

The Role of Kant in Sidgwick’s Classical Utilitarianism: Two Self-Evident Axioms and the Partial Convergence between Kantianism and Utilitarianism

AbstractAmong the most surprising claims in The Methods of Ethics is Sidgwick’s assertion that his key ethical axioms are corroborated by Kant. This article analyses Sidgwick’s claim that his axioms of justice and benevolence closely correspond to particular features in Kant. I shall argue that his claim of agreement with Kant was a serious overstatement. In particular, the restrictions which Sidgwick places on his acceptance of Kant’s universal law formula of the categorical imperative (FUL) seem to call into question whether the alleged convergence with the axiom of justice has a solid basis. Further, Sidgwick seemed unaware of a crucial aspect of Kant’s conception of the humanity formula that constitutes a substantial divide between their views on benevolence. The upshot is that the divide between Kantian and Sidgwickian ethics appears deeper than Sidgwick seemed to realize. This analysis is confirmed by Sidgwick’s famous worries regarding freedom and the existence of God in Kant’s work.

O08 A Mixed Method Study of Whether Appalachian Ohioans Conceptualize Food Security in Alignment with the Prevailing Measure

<h3>Background</h3> In the US, food security is monitored annually via the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). The measure focuses primarily on a household's monetary means. There is heightened interest in developing food security measures that embody more nuanced conceptualizations of household food security. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore whether current conceptualizations of food insecurity among a rural Appalachian sample diverge from HFSSM constructs. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A study recruitment postcard was mailed to all residential addresses in the Athens County region of Appalachian Ohio in late June 2020. Adult recipients were first invited to complete quarterly surveys, containing a demographic questionnaire and the HFSSM, for one year. Based on HFSSM-based food security categorizations, a purposively selected sub-sample of respondents were invited for in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 16, May-June 2021). Our maximal variation sample included households demonstrating consistent food security (n = 7, 44%), transient insecurity (n = 5, 31%), and persistent insecurity (n = 4, 25%). Interviewees reflected on whether the HFSSM-based status aligned with how they would characterize their household's food security status. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Verbatim transcripts were coded in NVivo and themes identified via template analysis, a process that leveraged both a priori codes (based on HFSSM constructs) and emergent codes reflecting measure-diverging constructs. <h3>Results</h3> While individuals characterized their food insecurity experiences in partial convergence with the HFSSM measure (e.g., noting insufficient money for food), there were several diverging themes. Food security was primarily discussed through a communal, and notably non-monetary, lens in which food reciprocity (e.g., bartering), collective responsibility (i.e., thinking beyond one's own household), and resourcefulness (e.g., gardening) defined their food (in)security experience. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that food security may be conceptualized in ways that account for non-monetary assets and embody a communal ideology. The development and testing of a food security measure containing items in line with these constructs may be warranted for – and help to capture food insecurity more accurately in – rural regions where traditions of resourcefulness and reciprocity persist. <h3>Funding</h3> NIH; The Ohio State University's Initiative for Food and AgriCultural Transformation; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; The Ohio State University's Office of Outreach and Engagement; Clinical Research Center/Center for Clinical Research Management of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.