Part Of Oneself Research Articles

Major Depression as a Disorder of the Narrative Self: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Abnormal self-experiences are a common feature of major depression despite their absence from current diagnostic manuals. Current diagnostic criteria leave us with an impoverished conception of depressive disorders, and they fail to exploit the diverse experiential alterations that might be useful for understanding and diagnosing patients, and last but not least for explaining the aetiology of these disorders. Although some phenomenological descriptions of abnormal self-experiences in major depression are available, further research is needed to validate these through detailed clinical interviews. Methods: To characterize these phenomena in more detail and to verify and consolidate previous accounts, we conducted a qualitative study using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Results: Our findings identified three categories of abnormal self-experiences: (1) impossibility to project oneself forward, (2) not recognizing one’s self, and (3) losing control on one’s self. Conclusion: Before delving into these results, we briefly described how the self is conceptualized in phenomenological psychopathology and explored in the literature on the self-experience in major depression. After discussing our results in the light of recent and contemporary phenomenological literature, we suggest that the inability to recognize otherness as part of oneself – which is the core of depressive experiences – ends in specific symptoms of depersonalization that differ from schizophrenic ones. We conclude that the self-experience, and in particular narrative identity, is central to the development and maintenance of depression.

Konsep Pendidikan Islam Nusantara Perspektif Helmy Faisal Zaini

Religious education with the concept of Islam Nusantara will be more accepted by society because it gives an understanding that the media used is part of oneself. The realm of Nusantara Islamic education is education in which there is Islam which focuses on maintaining local culture. According to Helmy Faisal Zaini, the practice of Nusantara Islamic education is pesantren education. So that the focus of this research is on the concept of education. The research method used is literature study. Sources of data can be obtained through books by Helmy Faisal Zaini as the primary source, and journals or papers as supporting data sources. Data analysis, the researcher uses Miles and Huberman's theory, includes three streams of simultaneous activity: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results obtained from Helmy Faisal Zaini's thoughts are that the roots of Nusantara Islamic education are pesantren, because pesantren are educational institutions that do not abandon regional traditions or local culture, and are also the development of science and culture with a religious dimension in the archipelago.

OUR DATA BODIES. RE-FRAMING OUR CONCEPTUAL AND NORMATIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH PERSONAL DATA

The rapid development of data-driven technologies has led to manifold concerns on how to protect citizens from the effects of massive data exploitation, especially when “personal data” are at stake, since they are the object of a fundamental right. Personal data are legally defined as any information “relating to” an identified or identifiable natural person, the right holder. However, it is unclear in which particular sense personal data relate to a person: which is the specific type of direct connection between them. In our view, this is a crucial question both from a conceptual and a normative point of view that the academic literature has not yet addressed in enough depth. In light of this, our paper aims at advancing knowledge towards a more accurate conception of our relationship with personal data. To do so, we firstly discuss the main recent conceptions on the issue: data as property, data as raw material and data as labour. Secondly, we argue why none of them seems to be accurate from a conceptual point of view or desirable from a socio-political perspective. Finally, we propose to understand personal data as _part of oneself_ and our relationship with them as the one we have with our bodies or their parts, with _our data bodies_. We end up discussing the implications of the proposed conception, both from a conceptual and from a normative perspective.

КОУЧ-СУПРОВІД ЯК ЗАСІБ АКМЕОЛОГІЧНОГО ВПЛИВУ В ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ

The article is devoted to the issues of coach accompaniment as an effective means of acmeological influence in the training of future teachers of preschool education institutions. The reorientation of the content of education from the presence of theoretical knowledge in a certain field to the formed competences, from hard skills to soft skills, is primarily due to the requirements of the time, the needs of society, and future prospects. Undoubtedly, for such changes, means, teaching tools, methods and methods of interaction with higher education students need to be revised. The need for acmeological influence in the conditions of distance learning in a higher education institution, which will ensure the growth of pedagogical professionalism, has been updated. The vision of acmeology and science in the theory and practice of Ukrainian researchers, the understanding of the acmeological approach and its use in the process of training future educators of preschool education institutions is revealed. The expediency of applying the principle of subjectivity, which allows you to direct the educational process to the personality of the student of higher education, his self-determination, is substantiated; ensures the transition of subject-subject relations to subject-activity relations. Coaching in education is characterized from the point of view of modern Ukrainian researchers. The author’s vision of coaching as an effective means of acmeological influence – coach accompaniment, as a form of mentoring – is presented. The structure of a coaching session and a diary of self-actualization of professional and communicative culture is proposed, which ensures the regulation of the process of reflection and awareness of new experience as a part of oneself. The sequence of working with the diary is described, its detailed structure is presented. Working with a diary involves self-analysis (identification of problems, shortcomings), performance of seven tasks consisting of two parts (the first – theoretical and practical content, the second – practical exercise). The structure of a remote coaching session is presented, which consists of three stages: start, review/confirmation, and conclusion. Examples of questions for conducting a coaching session are given, illustrated by an example of conducting a coaching session based on the content of one of the tasks of the Diary of self-actualization of professional and communicative culture. Key words: acmeology, support, influence, coaching, coaching session, self-actualization.

Updated DSM-5 Text Revisions to Be Released in March

Updated <i>DSM-5</i> Text Revisions to Be Released in March

Models of mental health recovery: An overview of systematic reviews and qualitative meta-syntheses.

This study systematically reviews the systematic review (SR) evidence on mental health recovery from the perspective of adults with mental illness. Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the libraries of the Cochrane Collaboration, Campbell Collaboration, and Joanna Briggs Institute were searched to identify eligible SRs including qualitative primary research. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment. Overlap of primary studies was calculated. A framework for recovery was generated using reflexive thematic analysis. An ecological model of recovery that included elements of psychological well-being was generated from 25 studies bridging personal/clinical, individual/social, and process/outcome conceptualizations of recovery. The first theme was a definition of recovery as a transformation from a negative identity state marked by despair, brokenness, and helplessness to a positive state of psychological well-being. This transformation was contingent upon four additional themes that included: (a) social and environmental conditions supporting access to basic resources and safety; (b) development of a sense of autonomy and personal responsibility; (c) roles and relationships that facilitated the personal experience of belonging and meaning; and (d) enlightenment defined as acceptance of the illness as a part of oneself and insight into how to promote well-being. Professionals working in recovery-oriented systems must consider how the subjective self-representations of persons with mental illness and objective social relationships interact to impact recovery. We close by discussing interventions that may promote the personal and social conditions of recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding the lived experience of connection to nature

AbstractThere are multiple theoretical understandings of connection to nature. Often, scholars define a connection to nature as being the outcome of a process of awakening “biophilia.” They may also define it as the maturation or development of an “ecological self,” where one sees nature as part of oneself, or as an awareness of oneself as a member of a wider biotic community. Using evidence from longitudinal in‐depth interviewing and participant observation, this article examines these differing conceptualizations of connection to nature in lived experience. We find that feeling connected to nature is about feeling an affinity for, and that one belongs within, a wider web of nonhuman relationships. This sense of feeling connected to nature is unstable; it may be felt and then recede according to the circumstances in which people live and their competing priorities. The difficulty of sustaining consistent close relationships with nature in everyday life presents some challenges to the hope that enabling people to feel connected to nature will induce reliable pro‐environmental behavior. Relationships with nature fluctuate, and it is necessary to examine how a connection to nature can be nurtured at every stage of life.

The toolish hand illusion: embodiment of a tool based on similarity with the hand

A tool can function as a body part yet not feel like one: Putting down a fork after dinner does not feel like losing a hand. However, studies show fake body-parts are embodied and experienced as parts of oneself. Typically, embodiment illusions have only been reported when the fake body-part visually resembles the real one. Here we reveal that participants can experience an illusion that a mechanical grabber, which looks scarcely like a hand, is part of their body. We found changes in three signatures of embodiment: the real hand’s perceived location, the feeling that the grabber belonged to the body, and autonomic responses to visible threats to the grabber. These findings show that artificial objects can become embodied even though they bear little visual resemblance to the hand.

"Identity confusion in complicated grief: A closer look": Correction.

Reports an error in "Identity confusion in complicated grief: A closer look" by Benjamin W. Bellet, Nicole J. LeBlanc, Marie-Christine Nizzi, Mikaela L. Carter, Florentine H. S. van der Does, Jacqueline Peters, Donald J. Robinaugh and Richard J. McNally (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2020[May], Vol 129[4], 397-407). In the original article, the following acknowledgment of funding was missing from the author note: "Donald J. Robinaugh's work on this article was supported by federal funding from the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant 1K23MH113805-01A1; principal investigator: Donald J. Robinaugh)." The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-23551-001). Complicated grief (CG) is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including identity confusion or a sense that a part of oneself has died with the decedent. Although identity confusion is a commonly reported feature of CG, little is known about which specific aspects of self-concept are compromised. In the current study, we used qualitative coding methods to investigate which aspects of the sense of self differed between those with and without CG in a sample of 77 bereaved adults. Relative to individuals without CG, those with CG provided fewer descriptors of their self-concept overall (lower self-fluency), provided sets of descriptors that consisted of fewer categories (lower self-diversity), and had lower proportions of self-relevant preferences and activities. However, group differences were not observed for proportions of any other categories of self-concept descriptors, including references to the loss, the past, or distress-related self-statements. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Observing Actions Through Immersive Virtual Reality Enhances Motor Imagery Training.

Visual information plays an essential role in enhancing neural activity during mental practices. Previous research has shown that using different visual scenarios during mental practices that involve imagining the movement of a specific body part may result in differences in performance. Many of these scenarios utilize the concept of embodiment, or one's observation of another entity to be a part of oneself, to improve practice quality of the imagined body movement. We therefore hypothesized that applying immersive virtual reality headsets, with their ability to provide rich immersion and illusion by presenting egocentrically simulated virtual scenarios, and action observation to motor imagery practice will result in significant improvement. To explore the possible synergy between immersive systems and motor imagery, we analyzed the electroencephalogram signals of our participants as they were presented the same virtual hand movement scenario with two different mediums: an immersive virtual reality headset and a monitor display. Our experimental results provide evidence that the immersive virtual reality headsets induced improved rhythmic patterns with better discriminating spatial features from the brain compared to the monitor display. These findings suggest that the use of immersive virtual reality headsets, with the illusion and embodiment they provide, can effectively improve motor imagery training.

Escuchar voces. Fantasmas auditivos y escenografías sonoras

Este artigo pretende investigar que tipo de escuta é a de quem “ouve vozes”. Tenta-‑se mostrar, com ele, os efeitos que a análise de certas alucinações auditivas e espectros sonoros teria, se fosse realizada do ponto de vista da escuta, não do conteúdo do que é ouvido. Para isso, o artigo conecta o estudo de certos “fantasmas auditivos” com a análise – no território da ficção, especificamente um romance de Robert Silverberg – da perda do poder de um telepata. Pretende-‑se, assim, mostrar uma maneira possível de entender como o ouvinte se ouve a si mesmo como se fosse outro, ou, inversamente, como ouve outro como se não estivesse cercado pela exterioridade, mas permanecesse na parte mais interna do si mesmo.

Identity confusion in complicated grief: A closer look.

Complicated grief (CG) is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including identity confusion or a sense that a part of oneself has died with the decedent. Although identity confusion is a commonly reported feature of CG, little is known about which specific aspects of self-concept are compromised. In the current study, we used qualitative coding methods to investigate which aspects of the sense of self differed between those with and without CG in a sample of 77 bereaved adults. Relative to individuals without CG, those with CG provided fewer descriptors of their self-concept overall (lower self-fluency), provided sets of descriptors that consisted of fewer categories (lower self-diversity), and had lower proportions of self-relevant preferences and activities. However, group differences were not observed for proportions of any other categories of self-concept descriptors, including references to the loss, the past, or distress-related self-statements. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Translation as Mimesis: Paul Ricoeur’s Narrative Account

Narrating is a human instinct—by narrations, the past exposes itself to us, enabling a communication that would not have been possible in the temporal and geographical distanciation, as well as generating an “I” that understand the others as a part of oneself and oneself as a extension of others. From this perspective, translation is, to some extents, narrating, but of more cultural significance. This essay serves as an inquiry into the border between narrative and translation, expounding the primary form “mimesis” by which human experience is made meaningful and which gives the shape and meanings to human life. Mimesis crystallizes the link between translation and historical truth, linguistic hospitality and cultural co-existence and this essay explores the link from the vantage points of Paul Ricoeur’s narrative theorizing on the importance of narrative as the expression of experience, mode of communication, and path to understanding the world and ultimately ourselves. Presenting a variety of perspectives from narratology and translation studies, the essay hopes to discourse the intricacies narratives and translation process, highlights how translation imitates the original writings, events and forms of lives and represent them into new narratives.

“When Righteousness and Bliss Can Kiss”: Working with Our Inner Opposites

The problem of conflicting energies and desires is basic to human beings. Starting with earliest childhood, whenever some instinctual impulses and feelings are forbidden or unacceptable, they become unconscious. Thus, a part of the personality is lost to us, expressed only in projection onto others. Gaining psychological wholeness then requires the hard work of becoming conscious of these unconscious parts of oneself, and of accepting them.

The brain as an agentic system: how the brain is articulated in the field of neuroenhancement.

This article analyses the material of a European Project on Responsible Research and Innovation in Neuroenhancement (NERRI) to explore how the brain is articulated in this field. Since brains are closely connected to ideas of self, responsibility, free will and being human, and since brain metaphors have important effects on research practices and perspectives, it also matters how people talk about and use the brain. In the NERRI project, the brain is articulated as an agent interacting with or substituting the self; as a system that can, cannot or should not be analysed; and as the part of oneself that can potentially change human nature in positive and negative ways. Since most of the material analysed was produced by neuroscientists or other neuroenhancement experts, this article emphasises the responsibility of the experts in this process. By showing what brain images are disseminated within the field of neuroenhancement, and analysing how this depiction is related to ideas of self or being human, this article does not only intend to contribute to a more empirically based and societally relevant neuroenhancement debate, but also to a more realistic and societally relevant idea of the brain.

Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes

Seeing another person’s face while that face and one’s own face are stroked synchronously or controlling a virtual face by moving one’s own induces the illusion that the other face has become a part of oneself—the enfacement effect. Here, we demonstrate that humans can enface even members of another species and that this enfacement promotes “feature migration” in terms of intelligence and emotional attribution from the representation of other to the representation of oneself, and vice versa. We presented participants with a virtual human face moving in or out of sync with their own face, and then morphed it into an ape face. Participants tended to perceive the ape face as their own in the sync condition, as indicated by body-ownership and inclusion-of-others-in-the-self ratings. More interestingly, synchrony also reduced performance in a fluid-intelligence task and increased the willingness to attribute emotions to apes. These observations, which fully replicated in another experiment, fit with the idea that self and other are represented in terms of feature codes, just like non-social events (as implied by the Theory of Event Coding), so that representational self–other overlap invites illusory conjunctions of features from one representation to the other.

Going by Sea: Group Rehabilitation of Subjects with Mental Health Problems through Sailing

The objective of the survey is to observe whether patients affected by psychiatric pathologies can be rehabilitated through sailing. Consequently, two groups took part in the study: a clinical group and a control group. The study shows that the individuals rehabilitated through sailing (clinical group) underwent significant changes compared to the those who were not subjected to the same rehabilitation treatment (control group). Sailing physically reintroduces the aspect of dependence on the object and, subsequently, separation towards autonomy, the duplicity of inside and outside. The transformation process occurs by sharing a highly emotional experience, with a view to cohesion, empowering parts of oneself in order to share them with others, achieving confidence in the experience of intimacy.

Rejoinder to Merlin Jetton: Conditions of Volition

Abstract The author shows that Peikoff hasn't deviated from official Objectivism on volition, that he advocates the same view Rand endorsed in 1976. He challenges Objectivism's claim that the choice to focus is the ultimate ground of other choices, instead arguing that the choice to focus rests on one's preference to be oriented toward reality, and that this preference precedes every deliberate decision to focus. The author insists that the cause of choices between alternatives is not a free-floating choice to focus, but the strongest preference at the time of each choice, that part of oneself (value) that determines one's action.

The Embodied and Situated Nature of Moods

In this paper I argue that it is misleading to regard the brain as the physical basis or “core machinery” of moods. First, empirical evidence shows that brain activity not only influences, but is in turn influenced by, physical activity taking place in other parts of the organism (such as the endocrine and immune systems). It is therefore not clear why the core machinery of moods ought to be restricted to the brain. I propose, instead, that moods should be conceived as embodied, i.e., their physical basis should be enlarged so as to comprise not just brain but also bodily processes. Second, I emphasise that moods are also situated in the world. By this I do not simply mean that moods are influenced by the world, but that they are complexly interrelated with it, in at least three different ways: they are shaped by cultural values and norms; they are materially and intersubjectively “scaffolded”; and they can even “experientially incorporate” parts of the world, i.e., include the experience of parts of the world as part of oneself.

Reliability and validity of the Danish version of the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI).

Schema modes are conceptualized as different parts of oneself, related to specific emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. They are a central concept in schema therapy for personality pathology and other chronic psychiatric disorders. Prior research confirms the factorial validity of the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI), an instrument to assess schema modes. This study presents an evaluation of the Danish version of the SMI, including reliability and validity analyses. Psychometric properties, such as factor structure, internal reliability, as well as intercorrelations between subscales were assessed. This was done on the basis of a mixed Danish sample (N = 657; M age = 29.32 years; range = 18-66 years; 78.5% females) composed of 266 clinical and 391 nonclinical adult participants. Results indicated model fit for the 14-factor structure of the SMI and adequate to excellent internal reliabilities of the 14 subscales (Cronbach's α =.74-.96). Furthermore, the SMI scales differentiated between clinical and nonclinical participants as theoretically predicted. These findings imply that the SMI is a sound instrument to measure the schema mode model in a Danish setting, both for clinical and research purposes, and in particular for assessment prior to schema therapy.