Part Of Learning Research Articles

The noticing hypothesis and formulaic language. Learnability of non-salient language forms

The present study addresses the main contention of the Noticing Hypothesis that conscious attention is necessary for successful learning. Arguments are given against the strong version of the hypothesis, under which one cannot acquire new language forms without conscious attention. Foreign learners were tested on their familiarity with formulaic expressions especially selected for their low salience. Additionally, the expressions used were tested for the likelihood of attracting attention. The results suggest that despite their inconspicuousness, such expressions are part of learners' lexical representations. Students' performance was found to correlate with usage patterns found in the input, a strong indication that their lexical representations are shaped by numerous encounters with specific uses of these expressions. It is argued that conscious attention is unlikely in even most, let alone all encounters. While the importance of awareness is not debated here, this study questions conscious attention as a default condition for learning.

Promoting Creativity in Children with Digital Technology to Overcome Inequalities in Early Childhood Education

Early childhood education is the education given to children at thepreschool, nursery schools and training (practicum) which is thefoundation to other levels of education. Creativity is an essential part oflearning which the children are anticipated to be exposed to from theirearly stage. Creativity is embedded in the curriculum for children in earlychildhood education to give room for a rich learning experience and tohelp healthy growth and a wholistic development of the child, to make surethat no child is left behind even with the application of digital technologyin teaching creativity innovation. Early childhood teachers are expected toteach the children with relevant and up-to-date materials such as the useof technology to activate their imagination, sense of belonging to bridgethe cap of inequalities among the children which will help in appreciatingchildren’s individuality and encourage participation withoutdiscrimination amongst the children. This paper therefore, looked intopromoting creativity in children with digital technology without leavingany child behind. Based on this, the paper suggested among others that theuse of digital technology should be encouraged in early childhood, nodiscrimination of any type and all the children should be treated equally.

Features of and representational strategies in instructional videos for primary science classes

ABSTRACT Utilisation of instructional videos for science teaching has become more widespread due to the expansion of online teaching and learning environments and growing awareness of benefits of videos, such as enabling use of effective multiple representations. With this in mind, this study aimed to examine features of instructional videos for teaching scientific inquiry, a key element of science education, and learners’ engagement, a crucial issue in instruction in terms of representational strategies used. We analysed 16 instructional videos for science teaching generated by pre-service teachers. We found that the instructional videos tended to focus on posing a question related to a phenomenon and constructing its explanation conceptually rather than conducting investigations and interpreting the data. It was also found that there were alternations between providing relevant and conceptual resources and affording learners opportunities to answer questions verbally and visually to prompt their engagement. Various representational strategies, such as summarising, comparing, highlighting, sequencing, and presenting vivid phenomena, were also employed for better teaching scientific inquiry as a part of learners’ ongoing cognitive activities. Based on the findings, we argue that there is potential for using instructional videos for teaching science, considering representational strategies in terms of scientific inquiry and learners’ engagement.

Foreign Language Learning, Environment, and their Influence on Moslem Teenage Learners’ Identity

This study is aimed at looking at how the environment of foreign language learnings affect the identity formation of the teenage learning them. English and Arabic languge, the language learnt formally by teenage at madrasa, are compared to find out which influences what in learners identity. The study shows that learners see both languages in a positive attitude, though in a different manner. English is seen with pretty much respct of the symbols of modernization, and therefore the learners are more cautious in using them, although some studies report that there is no negative influence of English on learners’ identity. On the other hands, Arabic language is easily view as part of learners’ identity as it is closely related with Islam. Though the learners perceive the language in a quite different manner, the result of their learning aimed at communication show quite similar result, as both processes show the difficulty in enhancing quick achivements.

A Partial Learning-Based Detection Scheme for Massive MIMO

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising key technology for the fifth-generation (5G) and future mobile wireless network. Although maximum likelihood (ML) detection can get the best detection performance with the lowest bit error rate (BER), its computational complexity significantly increases as the number of antennas increases. Thus, based on neural networks, in this letter we propose a new partial learning (PL)-based detection scheme. Theoretical analyses and simulation results showed that the proposed PL-based detection scheme can achieve low BER with low computational complexity.

Emergent Digital Discourses: What Can We Learn From Hashtags and Digital Games to Expand Learners’ Second Language Repertoire?

AbstractIn recent years, digital technologies have expanded the possibilities for human interactions in ways that were never before imagined, further complicating the teaching and learning of languages (Taguchi & Sykes, 2013; Thorne, Sauro, & Smith, 2015). Despite this complexity, when approached as meaningful, high-stakes practices, discourses in digital contexts can be highly useful for language learning and teaching. This article synthesizes work related to two digital discourse contexts, specifically hashtags and digital games. Moving away from technology as the vehicle to deliver “important content,” the analysis to follow examines digital discourses as both the content and context to be examined as part of learners’ multilingual experiences. The article begins by situating the discussion focused on digital discourses, reviewing relevant work addressing interactional patterns in each context, and then applying findings to second language teaching and learning. Drawing on empirical work, the article then describes a framework with specific examples for learner exploration of digital discourses as part of their language learning experience. The article concludes with implications for future research and teaching.

PENERAPAN METODE IQRA PADA PENDIDIKAN AL-QUR’AN DI SEKOLAH DASAR ALAM MUHAMMADIYAH BANJARBARU

This study discusses the application of the method of Iqra on the education of the Holy Qur'an in Nature primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru. Formulation of the problem in this research is how the application of the method of Iqra Qur'an education in primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru and Natural factors that affected it. Based on the formulation of the problem, then the purpose of this research is to know the application of methods of Iqra on the education of the Holy Qur'an in Nature primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru and factors which affected it. The subject in this study was the educator of the Qur'an and the students of class V Natural primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru. While the object examined is an application of a method of Iqra on the education of the Holy Qur'an in primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru. Data collection techniques in the study use techniques of observation, interview and documentation. While the techniques of data processing are done by editing, data classification, and interpretation of data, further analyzed in qualitative descriptive and inductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of the research it is known that the application of the method of Iqra on Qur'an education which has been implemented by the natural primary school Muhammadiyah Banjarbaru is already well underway. This can be seen through the results of the learning learners using the method of Iqra, which learners can read Quran properly. Though indeed there is still a part of learners is still not right in reading the Qur'an. As for the factors that influence the application of the method of Iqra on Qur'an education primary school Muhammadiyah Natural Place includes the following: (1) factors of learners. (2) factors for educators. (3) environmental factors. (4) the Association Factor. (5) the allocation of the Factors of the time. The whole of these factors is influencing and supporting in the application of the method of education at the Iqra Qur'an. Keywords: Education, learning methods of the Qur'an, Iqra.

A Neglected Opportunity: Entrepreneurship Education in the Lower High School Curricula for Technology in South Africa and Botswana

Technology is a school subject that forms part of the compulsory curriculum for high school learners in South Africa, and is a core theme in the subject Design and Technology in Botswana high schools. Knowledge and production skills acquired in the subject are applied to solve real-life problems consistent with the steps of the design process. The simultaneous development of learners’ problem-solving and production skills in the subject suggests that Technology could play a vital role in preparing learners as entrepreneurs. Such learning could result in innovation or the manufacture of income-generating products. In these two countries, where youth unemployment is a constant challenge, developing such skills as part of learners’ school curriculum may contribute to alleviating the unemployment levels of young people. For any subject to effectively support entrepreneurship, however, its curriculum should be designed to sustain such development. A structured qualitative curriculum analysis was used to investigate if and how entrepreneurship is included in the Technology curricula at lower high school levels in South Africa and Botswana. The study found that, although Technology has great potential to support and develop entrepreneurship, the curricula investigated do not include explicit entrepreneurship content, nor pedagogical guidance to support teachers in this regard. The opportunity that Technology offers to contribute to reducing youth unemployment is therefore neglected in these curricula. Recommendations for the strengthening of entrepreneurship education in both curricula were made, with the anticipation that implementation of recommended improvements could contribute to the alleviation of youth unemployment in both countries.

Language Learner Strategies and English Proficiency of College Freshmen in Taiwan: A Mixed-Methods Study

The purpose of this mixed-methods research is to examine and contextualize the relationship between language learner strategies (LLS) and the English proficiency of 103 college freshmen in Taiwan, which focuses on the differences in intermediate- and beginning- learners with years of English classes. LLS are defined as techniques and behaviors that learners enact with some degree of consciousness to monitor the progress toward the attainment of language learning goals. Research on LLS shows that the strategies implemented by learners are a significant source to understand their achievement differences. Using Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, this independent-measures t-test study shows that the intermediate group significantly used more strategies than the beginning group. The four learners across the two groups who were selected as interviewers revealed compensation strategies as the most popular for them to overcome linguistic limitations in and out of the classroom. The study concludes that a context-sensitive approach offers a detailed picture of LLS as part of learners’ experiences and relevant to their environments.

Die gebruik van strokiesprente deur T.O. Honiball vir die ontwikkeling van visuele en kulturele geletterdheid

Critics have different views and perspectives on the literary quality of comics. Since television and computers became part of learners' everyday lives in South Africa, educators have had to include media education in curricula. In the teaching of Afrikaans it is possible to use the comics of T.O. Honiball as instruments in teaching visual and cultural literacy. These texts can add to the readers' enjoyment and empower the learners intellectually and emotionally to understand and interpret the cultural frame of reference of the Afrikaans language classroom. The purpose of this article is to analyse the visual conventions of comics as used by Honiball, as well as examples of the cultural aspects of humour portrayed by the artist, especially with regard to the comical portrayal of body language and facial expressions. By looking at the different agents of communication in the literary process, i.e. the contexts of the sender and the qualities and intertexts of the texts, these comics are shown to be part of mass folklore as discussed by Dorson (1972). The main argument in this paper is that Honiball's comics can be useful in the teaching of Afrikaans in secondary schools, and a few examples of teaching strategies regarding this will be shown. Key Words: T.O. Honiball, lterary value of comics, teaching strategies Journal for Language Teaching Vol.38(1) 2004: 159-171