Part Of Drainage System Research Articles

SINKRONISASI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH MENGENAI PENGENDALIAN BANJIR DI JAKARTA

The floods that occurred in several areas of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province are influenced by natural and unnatural factors, such as problem in spatial planning and its regulation in legal documents. This study discusses about synchronization problem between several regulations at national and regional level, namely Presidential Regulation Number 60 of 2020 and Regional Regulation of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province Number 1 of 2014. This study uses normative legal research method with statute and conceptual approach. The conclusion of this study is that there is still no regulation synchronization at the level of national and regional related to the floods control management. At the national level, Presidential Regulation Number 60 of 2020 already regulated in detail about floods control management through the spatial planning general policy, strategy of implementation, spatial system and structure, and direction of zoning regulation for Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak, and Cianjur regions. Different from that national level regulation, at the regional level, Regional Regulation of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province Number 1 of 2014, related to the floods control management, only focus on how to normalize the river as a part of drainage system in every district in Jakarta Province.

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Debris Accumulation at the Culvert Inlet on Downstream Scour

The major damage of hydraulic structures at river crossing occurs during floods and culverts is the structure which use as a part of drainage system in ephemeral streams. Failure in structures is caused for different reasons but pier and abutment scour is the main reason. The presence of debris causes larger scours and sediment removal compared to the absence of debris accumulation. In this study, the common problem of the flow blockage at culvert inlets is investigated applying a hydraulic model set in laboratory. Experiments were performed to understand the changes and interaction of scour depth over a range of downstream flow depths, ht and densimetric Froude number, Fo. The debris accumulation is modelled by rectangular plates of constant width (30 cm) and various heights (4, 8, 12, 16 cm) set at the culvert entrance. When culvert inlet area decreased by the smallest solid debris accumulation - which covered 20% of inlet area-, the upstream water level raised up to 12% and by the biggest solid debris size- which covered 80% of inlet area- water level increased up to 60%. Debris accumulation causes larger scours and sediment removal, so the scour hole area extended extremely in flow direction. A new maximum scour depth predictor equation has been proposed to predict the effects of debris accumulation at culvert inlet on downstream scour. This equation is well fitted with the experimental results of the current study and the results of experiments from the previous studies used to analyze presented formula.

Clinical study of morphological changes in the arterial blood supply of the testicle in children

Objective. Studying of clinical and morphological changes in the arterial blood supply of testicle in its surgical diseases and improvement of the surgical treatment tactics.
 Materials and methods. In the morphological stage of the study, there was obtained the material from 71 preparations of testicle and epitesticle, which were taken while doing necropsy in men of a mature age (22 – 35 years old), also there were processed 38 preparations of membranes in dropsy testicle, taken in a life–time, as well as postoperative material (in non–complete obliteration of vaginal sprout of peritoneum), and 17 testicular biopsy specimens, obtained in infertile men, which were taken during surgical intervention on testis in pediatric patients.
 Results. Introduction of the innovative method and implementation of complex program for diagnosis and surgical treatment of the testicular diseases in children into clinical practice have permitted to improve a testicular blood supply and to reduce a risk of the ischemia occurrence.
 Conclusion. Clinical and morphological changes in the arterial blood supply as a part of drainage systems of the testicle in its surgical diseases are expressed in development of total vascular spasm and ischemia, which were caused by narrowing of the arteries lumen, compensatory hypertrophy of the muscle layers of arterial wall, thickening of basal membranes, leading to increase in the number of blood vessels, sclerotic changes in stroma of spermatic cord, deformation of the ductus deferens.

PENGARUH REVITALISASI SUNGAI TERHADAP KINERJA SISTEM DRAINASE KALI PEPE HILIR KOTA SURAKARTA

<p><em>Flood in Surakarta mostly due to overflowing rivers that flow through the region of Surakarta. The river is part of the urban drainage system. Department of Public Works (DPU) as the local government agency is responsible for the drainage management in Surakarta. One of form of implementation of the river management as part of drainage system is river revitalization program of Pepe River downstream which performed by the DPU. Despite Pepe River downstream revitalization program has been implemented in a variety of activities, the event of flooding due to overflowing Pepe River downstream still occur. Where as the flood is one of the performance indicators of urban drainage system. Thus, from that background it can be defined in research formulation problems, that is how the influence of the river revitalization performed by the DPU Surakarta against Pepe River downstream performance as part of urban drainage system in Surakarta. </em></p><p><em>This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis supported by several analytical techniques including descriptive narrative analysis to identify the characteristics of the revitalization of Pepe River downstream and paired simple t-test analysis to identify the changes of drainage system performance. Next, the relations from the results of both analysis will be identified using explanatory descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis results, it shows that the characteristics of the revitalization of Pepe River downstream is categorized in moderate intensity, because it only includes physical and social activities. Although there are improved changes in the drainage system performance. On the river section I, there are less significant changes with the number of the biggest changes ison the indicator of gabions, that is 11. On the river section II, the drainage system performance changes are significant with the number of the biggest changes is on the indicator of sedimentation, that is 38. In river section III, there are less significant changes with the number of the biggest change is on the indicator of garbage accumulation, with a score of 21.Therefore, it can be argued that the river revitalization program performed by the DPU Surakarta affects the Pepe River downstream performance as the primary drainage channel in the drainage system in Surakarta. The influence can be seen from the reversion of river functions as a drainage channel which is marked by changes in Pepe River downstream drainage system performance from before the river revitalization performed and after the revitalization performed, which is improved.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: river revitalization, catchment area, drainage system performence</em></p><p> </p>

Heavy metal distribution and assessment in stream sediments of River Orle, Southwestern Nigeria

Ten heavy metals, namely, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were partially extracted using aqua regia digestion method and analysed by ICP-AES from 56 stream sediment samples collected from River Orle, Igarra area, southwestern Nigeria. The analytical results were used to produce geochemical distribution maps for the elements and were subjected to univariate statistical analysis in order to evaluate the distribution and abundance of the heavy metals in the study area. The degree of pollution of these stream sediments by these heavy metals was evaluated by calculating such parameters as enrichment factors (EF), as well as pollution load and geo-accumulation indices (PLI and Igeo). Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are widely distributed in the drainage system while the distribution of Ag, Cd, As and Hg is restricted to only parts of the drainage system with Ag and Cd being localized to one sample site each near Epkeshi in the southern part of the study area. Cr and Pb display anomalously high concentrations, each from a site, also in the same locality where Ag and Cd were detected, indicating the likelihood that the four elements, Cr, Pb, Ag and Cd, are genetically related. Calculation of the enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) yielded results that indicate that all the 56 stream sediment sites, except one located about 4 km southeast of Epkeshi in the southern part of the Orle drainage system, are practically unpolluted by heavy metals. The relatively high metal concentration of this anomalous site having Pb EF of 62.5, PLI of 1.14 and Pb Igeo of 2.44 signifies Pb pollution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources of the Pb contamination around Epkeshi locality are possible. In conclusion, the levels of concentrations of heavy metals in the study area, in general, do not constitute any serious environmental risk except for Pb which needs to be monitored at only one site in the study area. Therefore the concentration ranges for the different heavy metals in the study area can serve as baseline environmental data against which the degree of pollution of these heavy metals can be evaluated in future.