Part Of Disaster Management Research Articles

Animation tsunami modelling in 3D to determine shelter and evacuation routes

ABSTRACT Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, making the country prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. Indonesia, especially the southern region of Java, has the potential to be hit by a megathrust earthquake triggering waves much higher than before. Determining evacuation routes and locations as a part of disaster management is essential to avoid many fatalities. This research aims to determine evacuation routes and shelters using photogrammetry-based 3D animation. This paper applied experimental research for modelling and simulation approach with the stages of generating a 3D orthomosaic map, predicting tsunami magnitude, determining the height and distribution of waves, modelling and simulating 3D animation as well as marking evacuation routes and shelter locations. 3D orthomosaics are created based on aerial photos (UAV) drones. Future tsunami data are used to estimate the extent and depth of inundation that may occur. This research uses the Teluk Penyu area in Cilacap, Indonesia, as a study site. The tsunami disaster caused by an earthquake magnitude 7.8 centred in the south of West Java hit this city in 2006. This research produces a 3D animation model that can visualise the extent and depth of tsunami inundation to determine evacuation routes and shelter buildings.

Factors Shaping the Capability of Agribusiness Production in the Volcano Disaster Prone Zone

Agroindustry regions with the potential for volcano disasters are strategic to be developed. The long-term post-eruption impact of volcanic ash benefits agricultural crops in the surrounding area. However, in the short term, it will impact crop damage and damage to infrastructure that disrupts production activities and marketing of agricultural products. This paper aims to find out the factors in creating the capabilities of agribusiness actors in the prone zone to the Merapi volcano disaster. These factors are attributes of the production capability construct relevant to a fast recovery process scheme that encourages the availability of production continuity areas as part of disaster management. This paper discusses the factors that form the capability of agriculture production in Magelang regency adjacent to an active volcano, Mount Merapi, with a multivariate approach using factor analysis in the agribusiness zone. The sample of this research is 100 respondents of farmers and agribusiness owners. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling, by taking sample data from 21 districts in Magelang Regency. The discussion in this paper determines that four factors shape agricultural capability in disaster-prone zones: support for production modernization, knowledge management, communication convergence, and change management. These four components will contribute in the context of scientific disaster management to productivity in the agroindustry area.

Willingness of university nursing students to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei Darussalam.

Volunteering among nursing students has become a valuable resource during an outbreak to help alleviate the strain in nursing staff shortages. However, evidence of willingness to volunteer is scarce, particularly in Asian countries. To study Bruneian university nursing students' willingness to volunteer during a pandemic in Brunei. An online cross-sectional study was conducted at Universiti Brunei Darussalam from January to February 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure willingness factors, including motivational factors, barriers, enablers, and level of agreement to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sub-group inferential analysis was applied. 72 participants were included in this study. 75.0% of whom were willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors that influenced the willingness of nursing students to volunteer were marital status (p <0.001), year of study (p <0.001), altruism (p <0.001), personal safety (p <0.001), and knowledge level (p <0.001). Nursing students are an invaluable resource, and they are highly willing to be part of disaster management. Training and planning should prepare the nursing students for disaster or pandemic readiness and integrated them into the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Align with this, safety aspects of nursing students during volunteering should also be considered, including the provision of childcare assistance, sufficient personal protective equipment, vaccination, and prophylaxis to the volunteers.

Exploring Disaster Mitigation in India: A Financial Viewpoint

Disaster management is a multidimensional and multistage process. It broadly includes preparedness, rescue, relief rehabilitation and mitigation. Disaster mitigation is an integral part of disaster management. In fact, it is an act of pre disaster stage. It involves the material and social activities to convert disaster-prone areas into disaster resilient one. Disaster mitigation requires proper vulnerability mapping and funds to carry out disaster specific mitigative activities. It is for this reason that Disaster management Act 2005 provides for creation of Disaster Mitigation Funds at national, state and district levels. Irrespective of the consistent demands from states various finance commissions did not recognizing mitigation as an integral part of disaster risk funding as mitigation was left up to the centrally sponsored schemes. However, this task was performed by 15th Finance Commission by creating and allocating the disaster mitigation funds. The FC-XV replaced the earlier expenditure based allocation of funds and devised a new formula based on physical and socio-economic factors like vulnerability of a state to selected disasters like flood and drought and its ratio of poverty. It is under this background that the present research article makes a modest attempt to explore the financial perspective of disaster mitigation in India. Methodologically speaking this paper applies qualitative and qualitative research tools. It is analytical and descriptive in approach and exploratory in its findings. Major part of the present research is based on the primary sources like reports and acts of government of India and texts of international agreements. In addition, it also includes secondary sources like books and journals.

Achieving agility in evacuation operations: an evidence-based framework

There is an agreement among European countries about the need to achieve efficient, effective and responsive evacuations as part of disaster management. Evacuations face uncertain and dynamic conditions, which often challenge the expectations at the planning stage. This research looks at the adoption of agility in evacuation operations. Managers involved in disaster operations in three countries were interviewed to identify current practices and needs during evacuations. This article looks at the potential of beneficiary engagement, staff and information, cooperation, and fitness for change to incorporate agile practices at each one of the stages of evacuation planning. The purpose is to provide an Agile Evacuation Operations (AEO) evidence-based framework to inform theory and practice. The analysis provided shows that along with current practices it is important to engage the beneficiaries more closely, empower and train the staff to react to unexpected conditions, and take advantage of local knowledge to enhance operations.

Construction of Underground Service Tunnels as Part of Disaster Management

Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. The Great East Japan Earthquake that struck on March 11, 2011 devastated a vast area centered on three prefectures in the Tohoku region (Fukushima, Miyagi, and Iwate), and there is said to be a more than 70% probability of a magnitude 7 earthquake striking Tokyo—the nation’s capital—within the next 30 years.Under these circumstances, various measures are being considered for application to a range of facilities, transportation systems, and infrastructure in Japan in order to protect people’s lives and—at the very least—reduce damage in the event of an earthquake, but in reality no one can image the kind of situation that would unfold should an earthquake actually occur.Sandwiched between Tokyo Station and the Imperial Palace in the center of Tokyo, the Otemachi, Marunouchi, and Yurakucho districts (known colloquially as the “Daimaruyu” area) comprise one huge business district where there is a concentration of representative Japanese companies—including major banks, trading companies, and newspapers—and Japan offices of foreign corporations. In addition to protecting human life, this area potentially faces another serious challenge in the event of a major earthquake—preventing disruption to the businesses operating within it.In order to be able to do this, strengthening and redundancy of infrastructure such as energy, water, and heating and cooling systems are required. In order to achieve this strengthening and redundancy of energy, water, and heating/cooling infrastructure, utility and service tunnels for installing energy, water, and air-conditioning supply pipes are currently being constructed at a depth of 20–30 meters below ground in the Daimaruyu area. This paper provides an overview of the significance and purpose of this service tunnel construction as well as the project content.

A REVIEW ON DIFFERENT LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH INDIAN STATES

Disaster management is a systematic response to a disaster. The main approach of the management is assessing disaster risk and taking preventive measures has also become a part of disaster management. In present day’s disaster management has been an important to frequent natural disaster ranging from earthquake, floods, droughts and other disaster management worth wile to be considered. The major types of disaster such as geological, water and climate, biological, nuclear, and industrial disasters etc… Keywords: Vulnerable; Droughts; Disaster Management; Chemical; Biological; Radiological

The Role of Government in Disaster Management and Risk Reduction in South India

Disaster management is a systematic response to a disaster. The main approach of the management is assessing disaster risk and taking preventive measures has also become a part of disaster management. In present day’s disaster management has been an important to frequent natural disaster ranging from earthquake, floods, droughts and other disaster management worth wile to be considered. The major types of disaster such as geological, water and climate, biological, nuclear, and industrial disasters etc… The role of government plays an important role in disaster management. Recently India has experienced large number of natural disasters. In recent years natural disaster are also occurs in some southern part of India such as Andhra Pradesh, Telanagana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Natural disaster causes the most damage and consequently the socio-economic conditions of the regions and thus most affected areas will become the most vulnerable regions. It is the responsibility of their governments to maintain all cause nouns and to provide social and economic security to such disaster affected areas. Thus the role of the central Government, the state government and local governance plays a very important role in disaster management and risk reduction planning. Government should have proper plan and financial support for most vulnerable regions. Otherwise those affected areas from natural disasters will be facing many problems and it is difficult to planning and manages the vulnerable situations. Keywords: Disaster management; vulnerable; risk reduction; planning

The role of occupational therapists in the contexts of a natural disaster: a scoping review

Purpose: To identify and inform the experience and roles of occupational therapists (OTs) in the contexts of a natural disaster. Method: This scoping review was conducted via five steps: (1) identify the research question, (2) identify relevant academic articles published between 2000 and 2014 in English, (3) select articles based on the inclusion criteria, (4) chart the data and (5) collate, summarise, and report the results of the selected articles. The results were presented using descriptive numerical and thematic analyses. Results: OTs can prepare a plan for evacuation of people with disabilities and their accommodation before a disaster occurs. Immediately after a disaster, they can provide emergency services for injuries and provide education and training in coping skills for psychological distress via a community-based rehabilitation approach. Consistent services for survivors’ mental health and for building the OTs’ capacity as part of disaster management are focussed on in the recovery phase. Conclusion: The potential roles of OTs across the spectrum of a natural disaster were identified via this scoping review. This review will help OTs to become involved in a disaster management system for vulnerable groups across the three phases of preparedness to, respond to and recovery from a disaster.Implication for RehabilitationOccupational therapists can be involved in disaster management to prepare for, respond to and recover from a natural disaster.Consistent services for psychological distress are needed for people affected by a disaster to return to normalcy.Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is an important approach to help a wider group of people respond to a natural disaster in a timely manner.

Education and Training in Disaster Medicine

Education and training of disaster medicine are the most important part of disaster management. There are so many training and education curriculum all over the world. However education courses based upon core competencies of disaster medicine are lacking. There is still a need to define the specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that must be mastered by specialized professionals. Standardized core competencies for acute care medical personnel such as emergency department nurses, emergency physicians, and out-of-hospital emergency medical services personnel are needed to ensure that effective emergency medical response can be provided efficiently during all types of disasters. Therefore education and training curriculum of other countries were reviewed in this article.

15. Evaluation.

Evaluations are an essential part of disaster management and preparedness. Evaluations provide the evidence necessary to build the science. The deconstructed processes from assessments through implementation and conclusion of the interventions have been outlined and can now be evaluated so as to define critical points of success and/or failure within the respective processes. Interventions should be examined for their effectiveness in achieving the objectives for which they were selected and for their contributions to attaining the goal outlined in the strategic plan. Effects of an intervention other than those for which the intervention was selected may have an additive benefit or they may have a negative impact on the affected society. Resource consumption (costs) is an important element of evaluations. Health disaster management evaluations aim at quality improvement for future interventions (preparedness). However, evaluation based on participating and/or concomitant observation also may open for improvement of ongoing interventions.

Application of biological monitoring for exposure assessment following chemical incidents. A procedure for decision-making

Determination of the level of exposure during and after a chemical incident is crucial for the assessment of public health risks and for appropriate medical treatment, as well as for subsequent health studies that may be part of disaster management. Immediately after such an incident, there is usually no opportunity to collect reliable quantitative information on personal exposures and environmental concentrations may fall below detectable levels shortly after the incident has passed. However, many substances persist longer in biological tissues and thus biological monitoring strategies may have the potential to support exposure assessment, as part of health studies, even after the acute phase of a chemical incident is over. Reported successful applications involve very persistent chemical substances such as protein adducts and include those rare cases in which biological tissues were collected within a few hours after an incident. The persistence of a biomarker in biological tissues, the mechanism of toxicity, and the sensitivity of the analysis of a biomarker were identified as the key parameters to support a decision on the feasibility and usefulness of biological monitoring to be applied after an incident involving the release of hazardous chemicals. These input parameters could be retrieved from published methods on applications of biomarkers. Methods for rapid decision making on the usefulness and feasibility of using biological monitoring are needed. In this contribution, a stepwise procedure for taking such a decision is proposed. The persistence of a biomarker in biological tissues, the mechanism of toxicity, and the sensitivity of the analysis of a biomarker were identified as the key parameters to support such a decision. The procedure proposed for decision making is illustrated by case studies based on two documented chemical incidents in the Netherlands.

Application of biological monitoring for exposure assessment following chemical incidents: A procedure for decision making

Determination of the level of exposure during and after a chemical incident is crucial for the assessment of public health risks and for appropriate medical treatment, as well as for subsequent health studies that may be part of disaster management. Immediately after such an incident, there is usually no opportunity to collect reliable quantitative information on personal exposures and environmental concentrations may fall below detectable levels shortly after the incident has passed. However, many substances persist longer in biological tissues and thus biological monitoring strategies may have the potential to support exposure assessment, as part of health studies, even after the acute phase of a chemical incident is over. Reported successful applications involve very persistent chemical substances such as protein adducts and include those rare cases in which biological tissues were collected within a few hours after an incident. The persistence of a biomarker in biological tissues, the mechanism of toxicity, and the sensitivity of the analysis of a biomarker were identified as the key parameters to support a decision on the feasibility and usefulness of biological monitoring to be applied after an incident involving the release of hazardous chemicals. These input parameters could be retrieved from published methods on applications of biomarkers. Methods for rapid decision making on the usefulness and feasibility of using biological monitoring are needed. In this contribution, a stepwise procedure for taking such a decision is proposed. The persistence of a biomarker in biological tissues, the mechanism of toxicity, and the sensitivity of the analysis of a biomarker were identified as the key parameters to support such a decision. The procedure proposed for decision making is illustrated by case studies based on two documented chemical incidents in the Netherlands.