Part Of Day Research Articles

Retrievals of vertical distribution of Martian water vapor from combined day and night MGS TES nadir spectra

Vertical distribution of water vapor in the Martian lower atmosphere (0–40 km) is an important characteristic of the Martian water cycle. It reflects a complex interplay between various processes shaping the contemporary water cycle, including atmospheric transport, formation of water ice clouds, sublimation of surface frost, and possible interaction with the subsurface. Despite the growing dataset of water vapor observations, there is yet no comprehensive climatology of the vertical distribution of vapor. Limb and solar occultation observations that are typically used to retrieve vapor vertical distribution are much less numerous than nadir observations and are available for limited seasons and locations. We propose a new methodology to retrieve vertical distribution of water vapor in the Martian lower atmosphere using only nadir data. The methodology is based on the observation that infrared spectra collected over same location during different parts of day are sensitive to water vapor in different parts of the atmosphere. We validate our new methodology by applying it to infrared spectra simulated for realistic Mars environments created with Mars General Circulation Model (GCM). These tests show that vertical profiles of vapor can be recovered with accuracy ~20–40%, which is comparable to accuracy of limb and occultation observations. Importantly, the new retrieval algorithm can constrain near-surface (0–10 km) vapor abundances that cannot be observed by limb and occultation techniques. Application of this new methodology to a large dataset on Martian nadir spectra, such as the one collected by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) during its mission in 1999–2004, can result in the development of the detailed climatology of vapor vertical distribution on Mars. As an initial step toward this goal, we apply the new retrieval methodology to a subset of nadir spectra collected by MGS TES during one Martian year. The retrieved vapor profiles are qualitatively consistent with vapor distributions predicted by the GCM for different seasons. Differences between retrieved and simulated profiles can be interpreted as reflecting wetter Martian atmosphere and weaker atmospheric transport, during some seasons. Retrieved vapor distribution during southern summer suggests disruption of atmospheric vapor transport into southern extra-tropics following a global dust storm.

POSTOPED: improving surveillance of postoperative delirium in a Scottish tertiary hospital.

Delirium is the most common postoperative complication among patients over the age of 65 years. It is associated with increased morbidity and is a significant financial cost to healthcare systems.We aimed to improve the detection of delirium on the surgical wards of a tertiary surgical centre. This would take the form of completion of 4AT assessments (the 4 AT test for delirium, on admission and 1 day postoperatively). Prior to this project, the 4AT was in use in the surgical admission clerking paperwork for over 65 s, however, 4AT assessments were not routinely performed as part of day 1 postoperative assessment. By introducing routine postoperative assessment and reinforcing the importance of admission assessment, we hoped to allow for objective comparisons to be made about patients cognitive state and thereafter improve delirium identification.After a baseline snapshot data collection period, we conducted five (Plan, Do, Study, Act) cycles following which repeat snapshot data were collected. Improvement strategies included 'tea-trolley' teaching sessions, adhesive 4AT pro-forma, targeted accompaniment of specialty ward rounds with reminders to complete 4AT assessments and working with nursing staff to promote awareness of delirium among permanent non-rotating healthcare professionals.For the admission 4ATs, completion improved from a baseline of 74.1%-90.5% in cycle 5. Completion of postoperative 4AT assessments rose from 14.8% at baseline to 47.6% in cycle 5.We were able to improve the use of a delirium screening tool, (the 4AT) among the postoperative elderly population in this centre via the use of regular teaching sessions, targeted interventions on ward rounds as well working with non-rotating staff. Further improvements could be made by widening access to delirium champion programmes and including delirium as an outcome measure of national surgical audits such as the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit.

SMART MIRROR WITH ALEXA USING RASPBERRY PI

This world has been changed with the internet coming into existence where every person holds a smart device and this has become a necessary part in day to day activity. Time is very precious, so people do not waste any time on unnecessary thing. There are indefinite ways to make every object smarter every day. We can consider mirrors which provide a greater surface area which can be the perfect area for displaying information and interacting with it. Every home will definitely have a mirror which can be upgraded to a smart mirror. The smart mirror will have a display screen inside and you would be able to interact with the mirror. The main features would be date, weather, news, holidays, events, home automation, Alexa.

Evaluation of the effect of social media in dentistry

A large part of day to day interaction takes place through social media. Social media is the way people communicate, look for and share information among all age groups. Social media has begun to proliferate across the fields of medicine and dentistry also. The use of social media seems to transform the way of interaction between the dentist and the patient and open up new avenues of communication. Aim: To evaluate the willingness to use the social media among patients, dentists, and their networks to advocate and educate about oral health care. To explore patients’ and dentists’ attitude towards social media usage in dentistry and to discover potential opportunities and challenges for dentists to adopt social media practices. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study, Sampling technique: Stratified Random Sample size: 115 dentists, 115 patients. A close ended questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 115 dentist and 115 patients consisting of 10 sets of questions each for dentist and parents. Result: In this study, it was found that 55.38% of dentists were willing to use social media and their network to educate about oral health care and 39.12% parents were willing to use social media for the same. Conclusion: Pedodontists actively use social media to educate about oral health care while use of social media among parents is less. Keywords: Dentist, oral health, social media.

Diagnostic Framework for Electricity Losses in Pakistan Using Data Visualization Techniques

To obtain the best results and leads to accuracy, data visualization techniques allows the big data and unprocessed data in a structured format. There are a lot of techniques that provides the best results for both high and low dimensional data preprocessing. Electricity crisis are becoming the part of day to day life and increasing rapidly. There are a lot of factors that affects the distribution and transmission losses of electricity. PEPCO, GENCO and other distribution companies are responsible for electricity distribution .There are 10-12% electricity losses during the distribution from main to other. At different sectors electricity production and installation from different resources of energy needs a proper monitoring system .Except of system losses a lot of electricity lost due to non-technical factors which leads to the shortage of electricity in a Country. .Grid stations should be planted according to the population of the province .Diagnostic framework includes the previous and present data comparison which predicts and forecasts the future consumption that helps to overcome losses by time series analysis algorithm (ARIMA)

Biomechanics in orthodontics - A review (Part 1)

Orthodontic forces can be dealt with numerically as vectors. At the point when in excess of one power is connected to a tooth, the forces can be consolidated to decide a solitary by and large resultant. Forces can likewise be isolated into segments so as to decide impacts parallel and perpendicular to the occlusal plane, Frankfort horizontal, or the long axis of the tooth. Forces produce either translation (bodily movement), rotation, or a combination of translation and rotation, depending upon the relationship of the line of action of the force to the center of resistance of the tooth. Since most forces are applied at the bracket, it is important to process equal force frameworks at the centre of resistance keeping in mind the end goal to anticipate tooth development. The point of this review article is to give us a knowledge on biomechanics in orthodontics which are utilized as a part of day by day practice. Keywords: Force, Moment, Couple, Biomechanics.

Eating Duration throughout a Rotating Shift Schedule: A Case Study

Objective The impact of the rotation between different shifts and free days within a short period of time on the food consumption is poorly addressed in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the eating duration (ED) over 10 d of clockwise rotating and to associate it with the intake of energy and macronutrients. Methods Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated over a complete rotation shift schedule of 10 consecutive days (2 d of morning shifts, 2 d of afternoon shifts, 24 h free-day, 2 d of night shifts, and three free days). ED was defined as the interval between the first meal after awaking and last meal before sleep onset. Sleep/wake periods and food intake were evaluated by actigraphy and 24 h recalls, respectively. Generalized models were used to analyze the variation in ED and its association with nutrient intake over the shift schedule. Results ED periods showed significant variations throughout shift rotation and were associated with energy intake. The highest energy intake (3410 ± 235 kcal) and longest ED (20.7 ± 1.2 h) were found on Day 5, the day between afternoon and night shifts, and a part of Day 6 (night shift), i.e., in the longest period of wakefulness and the shortest sleep duration (4.7 ± 0.3 h) (p < 0.05 for all). The lowest energy intake (1284 ± 125 kcal) and shortest ED (4.96 ± 0.7 h) (p < 0.05) occurred after the last night shift (Day 7). The balance between the percentage of macronutrients did not differ statistically between the ED periods. Conclusions In general, longer periods of wakefulness showed greater energy intake, demonstrating the tendency of workers to eat around the clock during their shift. Even with the energy intake variation, the balance of macronutrients remained the same over the ED periods. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the management of ED period could be considered in the nutritional approach of shift workers.

Еколого-порівняльний аналіз добових змін вегетативного балансу в організмі

Еколого-порівняльний аналіз добових змін вегетативного балансу в організмі

Impact of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Behaviour and Academic Achievements in Pupils

Nutrition is the main component of children’s health. In order to be completely healthy children need good nutrition and substantial physical activity [1]. Nutritional habits acquired in childhood and adolescence are maintained during adulthood. Scientists emphasize breakfast eating because breakfast ensures attention-concentration, memory and school achievements during morning sessions [2]. Eating breakfast provides energy for the brain and improves learning. Poor nutrition is associated with poor academic achievements. Under-nutrition has negative effect on pupils’ behaviour, attendance of lessons and even behaviour in adulthood [3]. Nutrition of pupils should be well-balanced and variable, offering more fresh fruit, whole grains and a greater variety of vegetables [4]. It is recommended to reduce levels of fat and sodium and increase fiber [5], and in the first part of day to drink more fresh water in order to improve attention and behaviour [2]. The aim was establish the interrelationship between nutrition, behaviour and academic achievements in pupils. Conclusions. Breakfast is an essential meal in pupils’ day; regular habit of eating breakfast has beneficial influence on attentionconcentration, memory and school achievements. Well-balanced pupils’ nutrition decreases antisocial and aggressive behaviour. Physical activity reduces manifestation of negative emotions and stress in pupils.Keywords: physical activity, nutrition, behaviour, academic achievements.

Simultaneous Allocation of Multiple Distributed Generators and Shunt Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Systems using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

Electricity has become a part of day to day life of the people. With the increase in population, electricity demand is also raised. The development of distribution systems (DSs), the optimal utilisation of shunt capacitor banks (SCBs) and distributed generators (DGs) in the DSs are heightened. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to allocate both DGs and SCBs simultaneously on the DS. The objectives are to minimise power loss, improving the voltage profile and voltage stability index (VSI) of the DS. First locations of DGs and SCBs are found out by loss sensitivity factor (LSF) technique. Next grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA) is used to determine the rating of these sources. The methodology is implemented on IEEE 33 and 69 bus test systems considering optimal allocation of multiple DGs without and with placement of capacitors. Finally, the results obtained by the proposed method are compared with GA/PSO and PSO methods.

A problem in Disguise: A Review Paper on Generous Uses of Polyethylene Bags (Nylon bags) in Nigeria and its Environmental Implications

Polyethylene bags (known as Nylon bags in Nigeria) are a common household name on the lips of everyone in Nigeria. Its versatile purposes, convenience, durability, flexibility and affordability has earned it as a part of day to day life necessity. People continue to devise countless ways Polyethylene bags can be utilised and be of immense benefit to them. This has placed a huge demand on the production of polyethylene bags. However, due to its chemical structure, Polyethylene bags do not bio-degrade readily, which led to accumulation of waste Polyethylene bags in the environment. This accumulation does not only deteriorate the aesthetic panorama but also has an indirect negative impact on health, as individual health cannot be separated from their environment. Unfortunately, majority do not understand the implications, and the concerned agencies are nonchalant to threat posed by accumulation of Polyethylene bags in the environment. Therefore, this paper seeks to reveal the imminent environmental consequences of accumulation of polyethylene waste bags in Nigeria and the way out.

Item analysis of biochemistry multiple choice questions - A retrospective Study & scope of improvement in method of assessment of MBBS students

Introduction: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are frequently used to assess in depth Knowledge of students in various subjects. In fact, a rightly frame MCQ with acceptable quality, measured by Difficulty Index (DIFI), Discrimination Index (DI) and Distractor Efficiency (DE) is the tool for assessment of student’s performance. Objective: To evaluate MCQs or items with their DIFI, DI and DE & to make database of valid items for future examination that increases creditability of Assessment. Materials and Methods: MCQ examination was conducted as a part of Day to Day Assessment for 1st year MBBS students in Biochemistry Department at the end of 2nd term. 05 Set of 30 MCQs each had been randomly distributed among 126 students and each MCQ / Item was analyzed. Data was entered and analyzed in MS Excel 2007 for statistical analysis. Mean, Standard Deviations were calculated of DIFI, DE & DI for each items. Results: Out of 30 items, 11 had “good to excellent” DIF I (31 - 60%) and 1 6 had good to excellent ” DI (> 0.25). Mean DEwas 64.4% considered as nearer to acceptable. Out of all 05 groups & 90 D istractors average 30-32 were Non Functional Distractors.Negative DI indicates poor preparedness of students and issues with framing of some ofthe MCQs. Conclusion: Study emphasizes, each assessment test of MCQs can be improved by developing improved items, maintaining database & selection of quality MCQs which truly assess the knowledge of students according to their abilities to differentiate in correct manner. Keywords: DE, DI, DIFI, MCQ, NFD.

A Survey on Mobile Security Issues

In today`s world of advanced science the world is changing, so is our technology. Smart- phones have become crucial part of day to day life. The increased use of smart-phones has given rise to ways we could never think like easy accessibility to net, work or personal information. But with it comes to the risk of security issues like compromised privacy or unauthorized accesses to mobile phones etc, to name some the unique structure makes easy target for malware developers and Hackers. Android for example has a very few restrictions so there is very less security system for end users. So the first target should be to eliminate these security breaches and give users the smooth experience without worrying about these problems. The paper addresses the problems faced with mobile security and how to overcome them. The paper also presents a brief description about what kind of operating system is much more at risk of these attacks and, which is more prone to security breach. It also consists of what fields still need to be researched on as to move forward in better direction. Furthermore, it explains the working of wireless systems and the attacks on it by hackers and how can that be prevented. Lastly it also illustrates about the attacks by hackers, types of attacks done on mobile phones and other related wireless systems and how to prevent them, and what users can do to prevent themselves by these attacks.

Intrusion detection system based on GA‐fuzzy classifier for detecting malicious attacks

SummaryUsage of computer resources, being a very important part in day to day life, it is to be noticed that the security threats have also increased. Hence, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used for detection and prevention of computer resources from security threats generated by malicious attackers. Existing techniques like encryption mechanism, authentication mechanism, and access control do not support for analyzing large volume of data and it is efficient only in the case of limited number of attacks. Attackers attack the computer resources based on the weakness of the security level in the Information system and they can violate the rules and regulation of computer system (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) easily. Handling threats on computer resources still remains a challenging issue. Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDoS) is an important attack that sends more than one number of requests to the destination server from multiple compromised systems that makes the Information system unable to process the request thereby resulting in non‐response to the attacker as well as normal end user, which results in large number of false alarms and less detection accuracy rates. We propose a new model called hybrid‐based intrusion detection system (GA‐Fuzzy) for handling large volume NSL‐KDD Dataset for detecting attacks effectively and for reducing misclassification alarm rate. Here, Genetic algorithm (GA) is used for creating new pattern (new features, records) for training the Fuzzy classifier effectively. We use Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as a feature selection method that eliminates irrelevant and redundant data from the NSL‐KDD dataset that improves the efficiency and to attain 99.96% detection accuracy and 0.04% false alarm rate.

Conceptual Study of Swasthahitakara Bhava

While making efforts to find out remedies for various diseases, limited attention is paid to the concept of positive health in modern medical research. Ayurveda plays a great deal of emphasis upon the preservation and promotion of positive health which is its primary objective, cure of the diseases is the secondary objective of Ayurveda. The incidence of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and overweight associated with cardiovascular diseases is high on rise. For preservation and promotion of positive health, several rules are prescribed in Ayurveda which includes Aachar Rasayan (code of conduct), Rutucharya (regimens for different seasons), Dinacharya (regimens for different parts of day) and Ratricharya (regimens for different parts of night). If these rules are violated, then the person suffers from various diseases. Swasthahitakara Bhava can be the solution for the prevention of lifestyle disorders. The present research has been done to elaborate the concept of these Swasthahitakara Bhava described in various texts of Ayurveda.

Evaluation of visual problems among women IT employees in Chennai

Background: In modern era of civilization, computers have become integral part of day to day life. Software professionals who work on computers for long hours in a day are prone for various health hazards, of which vision is of primary importance. This study was carried out to assess the burden of visual problems among women IT professionals.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 609 women IT professionals working in an IT company in Chennai. Women with over one year of work experience with computers were included. Symptoms of vision problems were elicited. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Colour vision was evaluated using Ishihara Chart.Results: Computer vision syndrome was present in 62.6% of the study participants. Blurring of vision was present in 26.6% and irritation in the eyes was present in 25.3%. Prolonged duration of work was significantly associated with visual problems (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Unavoidable exposure to computer at workplace needs to be managed effectively by way of implementing preventive and rehabilitative measures at individual and organizational level.

Actividades diarias evaluadas mediante monitor de actividad de alta precisión en adultos mayores: resultados preliminares del Estudio IMPACT65+

IntroductionPhysical activity and physical inactivity patterns can affect health status. In the elderly people, their study is relevant given the importance that they have on the morbidity and mortality. ObjectiveTo present preliminary data on activity and inactivity patterns of a sub-sample of older adults from the IMPACT65+ Study. Material and methodsThe sample included the first 84 participants (57% women) over 65 years (age 70.7±4.7). Time spent in activity and inactivity patterns was obtained from an Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity monitor over a continuous period of 24hours. The patterns analysed were: standing, lying down, sitting or reclining, and the transition between them. The physical activity patterns analysed were; walking, step up or step down, running, and jumping. ResultsTime spent in inactivity patterns like reclining, lying down, and sitting was 16.1±1.9hours (67% day), while the amount of time spent in activity patterns was 2.4±1.9hours (10% day). Differences were observed between men and women in the amount of hours sitting (9.7±3 men vs. 7.5±2.7 women) and standing (4.5±1.4 men vs. 5.6±2.7 women). These differences were greater in the older participants. ConclusionsPreliminary results show that older adults spend a great part of day in inactivity patterns like sitting, and that gender is the only factor analysed that affects the time spent in the activity patterns analysed.

Amnesic patients have residual prospective memory capacities

Objective: To investigate, in two separate studies, whether amnesic patients with a severe memory impairment can learn to perform a habitual prospective memory task when they receive immediate feedback on prospective memory failures (Study 1) and whether amnesic patients are able to benefit from previous habitual prospective memory performance after a 24-h retention interval. Method: A prospective memory task was embedded in a lexical decision task (Study 1) and in a perceptual discrimination task (Study 2). Performance was compared across test halves. Participants received immediate performance feedback on prospective memory failures that served as a reminder for the prospective memory task. A retest was performed after 24 h in Study 2, but without immediate feedback in the first test half. Results: In Study 1, amnesic patients performed at a lower level than the control group, but they improved significantly across the experiment. In Study 2, the results of the first session replicated this pattern. The results of the second session showed a performance breakdown in amnesic patients. However, one single reminder was enough to boost performance again on the level of the second part of day one. Conclusions: This indicates that amnesic patients have residual prospective memory capacities and that providing immediate feedback is a promising strategy to draw on these capacities.

Cardiopulmonary Interactions: From Physiology to Clinic

Cardiopulmonary Interactions (CPI) refer to the interplay between the respiratory and cardiovascu lar systems during the respiratory and cardiac cycle. These interactions vary depending on whether the patient is in spontaneous or mechanical ventilation and affect the preload and afterload of both ventricles at different levels. Understanding CPI is essential to the management of critically ill pa tients, where preload and afterload manipulations are specialy important to optimize cardiac output and oxygen delivery to the periphery. The present article reviews the physiological principles required to understand CPI in patients both in spontaneous and mechanical ventilation using specific clinical scenarios to facilitate its use as part of day to day clinical practice.

The effect of red wine on colour stability of three different types of esthetic restorative materials: An in vitro study.

Aim and Objective:To evaluate the in vitro effect of red wine on color stability of three different esthetic restorative materials such as nanohybrid composites, conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC), and feldspathic porcelain.Materials and Methods:The color stability of test materials was determined using a spectrophotometer. A total of 30 specimens were prepared (10 from each) from each material on a round metal mold (11 mm diameter and 2 mm deep). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h for rehydration. Baseline color of all groups was recorded. Specimens of each material were divided into 2 groups of 5 specimens each (n = 5). Two groups include red wine and distilled water as a control. Specimens were then immersed in 25 ml of red wine for 20 min at room temperature everyday for 28 days. Specimens were kept in distilled water for the remaining part of days. After the completion of immersion sequence, the specimens were rinsed with distilled water and blotted dry. Postimmersion color of all specimens was then recorded. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test.Results:The color stability is significantly higher in porcelain than composite and conventional GIC.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the porcelain shows less discoloration than composite and conventional restorative GIC.