Part Of Architectural Design Research Articles

Optimization of Daylighting, Ventilation, and Cooling Load Performance of Apartment in Tropical Ocean Area Based on Parametric Design

In tropical areas of China, energy saving is an important part of architectural design, and the energy-saving potential of residential buildings has attracted extensive attention. This paper studies the daylighting, ventilation, and building energy consumption in tropical areas to find out the best energy-saving performance parameters. The building model is established by grasshopper, and the parameters of daylighting, ventilation performance and cooling load are simulated. The octopus plug-in in grasshopper is used to calculate the target value iteratively, so as to find the relative optimal value of multiobjective. Finally, the optimized design value is compared with the initial value. The results show that the refrigeration energy consumption is greatly reduced from 188.20 kwh/m2 to 163.02 kwh/m2, the Daylight Autonomy (DLA) is reduced from 60.71% to 58.56%, and the ventilation wind speed is increased from 0.62 to 0.63 m/s. It can be seen from the results that although the daylighting objectives was reduced, the cooling energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the optimized daylighting layout is more balanced and reasonable. Therefore, on the basis of reasonable layout, this optimization study effectively reduces the refrigeration energy consumption and achieves the goal of green energy saving.

The Effect of Time and Form on 21st-Century Architecture [FOURTH DIMENSION

Dynamic configuration is the virtual applications and the innovation which create a wide range of sustainable buildings and spaces. In the virtual world, the conventional fourth dimension (time) is substituted by the element of movement (both 'physical and mental). Although the fourth dimension was known long ago since the medieval times, it was only studied in the nineteenth-century mathematically. If we look at the social context, we explore the biographies and works of the main characters in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, one shall notice that ethics and religion merely affected the study of the fourth dimension. The liability issue is that green architecture or sustainability was described in the form of micro-climate environmental concepts; disregarding the other features, particularly that relate to Dynamic Configuration (4th dimension) which could affect the form of architecture to achieve sustainability. Thus, the paper aims to concentrate on these features and bring its variable items as a type of application from contemporary architecture to be considered as an unlimited datum of ecological resilience. The paper methodology is a descriptive and analytical method which used to prove that this sort of building was planned for an ecological model to fulfil the necessities for sustainability. Finally, the paper resulted in; time and space have a strong relationship where motion in architecture expressed the time factor, and a fourth dimension ‘Time’ became part of architectural design which can improve the sustainability and affect building innovation to put creative forms and designs while respecting the surround environments.

Building performance simulation tools as part of architectural design: breaking the gap through software simulation

In recent years, there have been numerous initiatives regarding the incorporation of building performance simulation tools (BPSTs) in the field of architecture, but unfortunately they have not been considered in updates of the curricula of building designers' careers at a global level. This paper presents an example of the use of BPSTs in the decision making of architectural models, after confirming that there is a lack of knowledge regarding these programs in architecture classrooms. As a result, based on the literature review, improvement aspects and recommendations have been identified and consequences for future research have been foreseen. To this end, the growing trend in the use of these tools has been analyzed, both in terms of the impact on architectural design and their use by architects. The authors' perceptions led us to confirm that the disconnection between BPSTs and architectural students can easily be diminished and alleviated through the teaching–learning process. We also noted the importance of energy modelling in the initial stages of architectural design. In addition, a proposed format for the application of BPSTs to architectural design for architects is presented.

Kajian Biomorphic Architecture dalam Perancangan Oceanarium Pekanbaru

<p><em>Pekanbaru is a city that is growing rapidly and becomes one of the cities that is frequently visited. But the tourist attraction by the city of Pekanbaru are still lacking. Besides that in the geographical triangle, the water region in Riau Province is bigger than the land area, so the water region in Riau Province has a very high potential. But education about marine life and conservation areas that support biota protection in Riau province is still very least. Therefore, we need a public facility that is equipped with recreational, educational, and conservational needs. To actualize these public facilities, then will be designed an Oceanarium in Pekanbaru City. Oceanarium is a reservoir in a giant aquarium for the conservation of plants and marine biota that serves as a means of education, research, preservation, marine development, and exhibited as a means of recreation. The theme of the Oceanarium in Pekanbaru is Biomorphic Architecture. Biomorphic Architecture is part of architectural design that proposes all ideas taken from organic life, by form, system, or movement. Through the concept of Ocean Life Dynamics, the characteristics of building functions can be made as recreational facilities, conservation, and education about life under the sea.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

Evolution of Floor Construction System in Beirut (1840-1940)

This article is going to deal with the evolution of floor structural systems; traditional structural systems during the late Ottoman period and the concrete structural systems during the French mandate period in Beirut. Beyond this, natural constraint timber materials used in the late nineteenth century and the available concrete materials used in the early twentieth century can direct influence the evolution of the floor structural systems which became an integral part of architectural design and typology. Structural principles of traditional floor construction techniques will be characterized and assessed in eight case studies tracing its structural systems in terms of their evolution. The subject matter will be approached in a descriptive manner for floor structural systems and the determination of mechanical properties of timber.

TOWARDS EXPERIENTIAL REPRESENTATION IN ARCHITECTURE

Planning and predicting the experiences that buildings will produce is an essential part of architectural design. The importance of representation lies in its ability to communicate experiences before a building is materialized. This article will treat the topic of representation of architecture works without putting aside our direct experience with edifices. By understanding the perceptual, associative and interactive phenomena that arise from the human encounter with buildings, it becomes possible to comprehend the representation of these phenomena through pictorial means. The first objective of this theoretical article is to define the inherent and unavoidable factors that are present in the creation and interpretation of all architectural representations, regardless of the technical means used. Any representation conveys two processes: the representation of experience (a creative process), and the experience of representation (an interpretive process). Furthermore, there exist two layers in any representation: the what (the architectural object) and the how (the representational medium). The second objective is to suggest alternatives to visual realism, in order to create representations that embody the particular phenomena that an architectural work will be able to produce. On the one hand, representations that pretend to copy reality produce in the observers detailed visual experiences; on the other hand, certain representations reflect the experiences themselves after they have been produced; they represent buildings as they are transformed by experience. This article focuses on those representations that are not only the reflection of an object, but also the reflection of our way of experiencing it.

Application of Energy-Saving Technology for Public Building Design

Energy-saving technology has developed with the rapid development of economy in our country. Experts pay more attention to the construction of green environmental protection of energy conservation and emissions reduction in the process of urbanization. The public building is an important part of architectural design. It promotes social progress and innovation. It is not only saving the resources, alleviating the energy crisis, but also improves people’s life quality for using energy-saving technology in public construction projects. We can improve the overall quality of construction projects and reduce the waste of resources in public construction projects. Based on the case of the cultural center of Shanghai Expo, we analyzed its energy saving technology and summarized the application of energy-saving technology in the design of public buildings in China.

On the Application of Decoration Materials in Architecture

Decoration materials, as an essential part of architectural design, play a prominent role in the success of the entire architectural design. It not only meets the environmental requirements but embodies aesthetic value to some extent. Starting from the selection and application of decorative materials, this paper explored the method of decoration materials application in buildings from the perspective of how to achieve a perfect combination of decoration materials and detail design of a building and how decoration materials echoes with the built environment. In the understanding of material properties,as a full integration of design and technology and art was realized, construction quality was improved. Keywords: building; decoration materials; detail design; environment; new materials; application

Acoustic Performance as a Design Driver: Sound Simulation and Parametric Modeling Using SmartGeometry

Acoustic performance is an inevitable part of architectural design. Our sonic experience is modified by the geometry and material choices of the designer. Acoustic performance must be understood both on the level of material performance and also at the level of the entire composition. With new parametric and scripting tools performance driven design is possible. Parametric design and scripting tools can be used to explore not only singular objectives, but gradient conditions. Acoustic performance is often thought of in terms of singular performance criteria. This research suggested acoustic design can be understood in terms of gradients and multiple performance parameters. Simulation and modeling techniques for computational acoustic prediction now allow architects to more fully engage with the phenomenon of sound and digital models can be studied to produce data, visualizations, animations, and auralizations of acoustic performance.SmartGeometry has promoted design methods and educational potentials of a performance-driven approach to architectural design through parametric modeling and scripting. The SmartGeometry workshops have provided links between engineering and architecture, analysis and design; they have provided parametric and scripting tools that can provide both a common platform, links between platforms, but importantly an intellectual platform where these ideas can mix. These workshops and conferences have inspired two projects that both used acoustic performance as a design driver. The Smithsonian Institution Courtyard Enclosure and the Manufacturing Parametric Acoustic Surfaces (MPAS) installation at SmartGeometry 2010 are presented as examples of projects that used sound simulation parametric modeling to create acoustically performance driven architecture.

Three-dimensional modelling as part of architectural design

Some applications of computer colour modelling to the post-development stages of the design process are described. Three aspects are shown, namely, the communications opportunities, the need to revise/refine the established design in the light of the 3D information, and the chance to assess colour schemes and generate alternative/new schemes.

Simulation of noise distribution in rectangular rooms by means of computer modelling techniques

Models have long been a part of architectural design and have served in both the perceptive and technological development of buildings and spaces. However, physical models can be costly and in some cases difficult to implement. Computer models prove to be powerful, easy to build and both money and time saving. They have been used widely for various energy simulations in architecture, and recently have been used in room acoustics and light distribution in enclosures. This work reviews simulation of sound energy in rooms and discusses the results and difficulties of using this technique. There are two different types of sound energy distribution simulation in rooms; the ray tracing method and the source image method. Both have been implemented successfully, but the latter is more accurate and is easier to use by an architect with little knowledge of acoustics and computers. A computer program is written, using the sound source images method, for rooms of square or rectangular shape. The program can also be extended to simulate rooms with tilted walls, and a sloping ceiling or floor. The program can represent sound field distribution for any number of sound sources or loudspeakers and can calculate sound pressure levels or sound intensity levels at any number of receiving points, at any location inside the enclosure. It also draws the contour lines of the distribution and thus shows the best shape of a room and the best location of speaker and loudspeakers for certain human activities. It also can give the most suitable way of furnishing an enclosure with respect to sound distribution. Other room acoustic terms, such as definition, can also be calculated for that space. The contour lines for these terms can also be drawn.