Parents Of Toddlers Research Articles

Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Diare Pada Balita Di Poli Anak RSKD Ibu Dan Anak Pertiwi Makassar

Morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease are still high. Nurses as health workers can contribute in the handling of diarrhea in accordance with its role, one of which is to provide education to parents, especially mothers for the prevention of diarrheal diseases. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the knowledge of parents in the prevention of diarrhea in the poly children RSKD mother and child pertiwi Makassar. This research is a descriptive analytical research with cross sectional method. The population in the study was the parents of toddlers suffering from diarrhea and a sample of 30 people. Data analysis with univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistic. Based on the results of the study showed that the statistic test using chi-squaretest, with alternative continuity correction test obtained value p= 0.030 (p<0.05) which means H1 received or there is a relationship between parental knowledge to diarrhea prevention behavior in child poly RSKD Mother And Child Pertiwi Makassar.

Feasibility and Efficacy of the "FUNPALs Playgroup" Intervention to Improve Toddler Dietary and Activity Behaviors: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study evaluated the feasibility and effects of the Families Understanding Nutrition and Physically Active Lifestyles (FUNPALs) Playgroup on toddler (12–36-month-old) diet and activity behaviors. Parent–toddler dyads were recruited from disadvantaged communities and randomly assigned to receive 10-weekly sessions of the FUNPALs Playgroup (n = 24) or dose-matched health education control group (n = 26). FUNPALs Playgroups involved physical and snack activities, delivery of health information, and positive parenting coaching. The control group involved group health education for parents only. Process outcomes (e.g., retention rate, fidelity) and focus groups determined feasibility and perceived effects. To evaluate preliminary effects, validated measures of toddler diet (food frequency questionnaire and a carotenoid biomarker), physical activity (PA; accelerometers), general and feeding parenting (self-report surveys), and home environment (phone interview) were collected pre and post. The sample comprised parents (84% female) who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino (38%) and/or African American (32%). Retention was high (78%). Parents from both groups enjoyed the program and perceived improvements in their children’s health behaviors. Objective measures demonstrated improvement with large effects (η2 = 0.29) in toddler diet (p < 0.001) but not PA (p = 0.099). In conclusion, the FUNPALs Playgroup is feasible and may improve toddler eating behaviors.

Timing and types of fluids and foods first introduced in a representative sample of toddlers attending day care programs across Lebanon: Are parents following international recommendations?

BackgroundCurrent WHO's recommendation for optimal infant feeding advises exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. After this initial period, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary food starting from the age of 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. PurposeThis study examined the timing and types of fluids and foods first introduced in a representative sample of toddlers (n = 1051) from 79 daycares across Lebanon. Questionnaires were self-administered to parents of toddlers (12–36 months) with a participation rate of 67%. ResultsResults showed that more than half of toddlers (55.7%) were introduced to infant formula within their first month of life. Around two-thirds received water as the first type of additional fluid (62.5%) with a mean age of 3.86 ± 2.15 months and fruits or cooked vegetables (69.7%) as the first types of food introduced with a mean age of 5.73 ± 1.56 months. Unfortunately, two-third (67.3%) were not breastfed after solid food introduction. Practice implicationsOur data on current suboptimal feeding practices in Lebanon shows the need to reinforce BF and CF practices recommendations and guidelines at the community, social and health system levels. ConclusionsIn the absence of specific recommendations and with the poor involvement of the various stakeholders, it was noted that more than half of the parents were not following the WHO recommendation concerning unnecessary fluid supplementation of infants and were introducing food before the recommended age of 6 months; moreover, only a minority of mothers continued breastfeeding after introducing food to their infants.

Infant And Children Feeding Models Assistance Models Using Pocket Book Media On Increasing Knowledge And Weight Increase To Slender Toddlers In The Village Of Merapi

Thin nutrition is an acute nutritional problem, as a result of events that occur in a short time such as lack of food intake. The high prevalence of thin underweight nutrition in infants is influenced by three main factors namely poor quality of quantity pangan food consumption as a result of low family food security, poor patterns of foster care and low access to health facilities. The impact of underweight nutrition in infants can reduce intelligence, productivity, creativity, and very influential on the quality of HR. This type of research is a Quasi-Experiment with the design used is pretest-posttest design with control group design. The number of samples for each group of 28 people was taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used parametric statistical tests and non-parametric tests. The results of the analysis of differences in knowledge before and after nutrition education in the two treatment groups there was no significant difference (p = 0.271). For weight gain in children under five given intervention that is the average weight of the pre-test 9.91kg and the average weight of the post-test was 10.13kg with the results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant weight gain (p = 0, 00). The conclusion of this study is that there is no difference between the treatment and control groups for the knowledge of mothers under five and there are differences in the treatment and control groups for toddler weight gain. Parents of toddlers are expected to have more access to information about health through various mass media such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television. In addition, it is also important to get a lot of information by participating in empowering organizations

Parental support and perceived self-efficacy − a study of parental perceptions in an early childhood child psychiatry unit

Introduction: Perceived parental self-efficacy (PSE) has shown an association with positive parental behavior, highlighting its benefit in promoting child well-being and healthy development. The identification of its potential determinants remains a focus of attention in mental health when assessing parental perceptions and cognitions or planning parental interventions. Material/Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in an Early Childhood Child Psychiatry Unit. All parents of babies and toddlers assessed for the first time were included and completed a Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale (portuguese translation, α= 0.75-0.83) and two additional questions concerning perceptions of support from the other parent and family of origin. Average PSOC was compared between both parents and correlations with perceptions of support were tested. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS® version 21 through descriptive analysis and variable correlation (t-test and Pearson r). Results: A total of thirty-four questionnaires were completed. Average PSOC was similar between father and mothers (73.44 vs 72.24, p=0.533). Fathers perceived themselves as more supported than mothers, either from the family of origin (5.09 vs 4.21, p=0.001), as from the other parent (4.91 vs 4.09, p=0.011). A positive correlation was found between father’s PSOC and perception of support from the family of origin (r=0.639, p <0.01). Conclusions: Among mothers of children followed in this Child Psychiatry Unit, support perceptions did not correlate with perceived parental self-efficacy. However, father’s perceived self-efficacy could relate to perceptions of support, raising clinical attention on how fathers and their family of origin can influence the relational triad. Perceptions of parental support should be explored when considering within-family horizontal relations as a potential mechanism influencing vertical relations through its association with perceived self-efficacy.

A qualitative study of providers\u2019 perceptions of parental feeding practices of infants and toddlers to prevent childhood obesity

BackgroundWith a recent focus on establishing US Dietary Guidance for children ages 0 to 2 years old, the objective of this qualitative study was to determine misconceptions and barriers that prevent parents from implementing early childhood feeding and obesity prevention practices as reported by healthcare, community-based, and education providers.MethodsTrained researchers conducted one-on-one qualitative phone interviews, using a semi-structured script, with early childhood health and education providers working with families of young children. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the classic analysis approach. Transcripts were coded by researchers and analyzed for themes.ResultsProviders (n = 21) reported commonly observed obesogenic practices including overfeeding tendencies, early initiation of solids or less optimal feeding practices, lack of autonomy and self-regulation by child, and suboptimal dietary patterns. Sources of parental misconceptions about feeding were often related to cultural, familial, and media influences, or lack of knowledge about optimal feeding practices for infants or toddlers.ConclusionsProviders indicated a need for engaging and consistent child feeding and obesity prevention education materials appropriate for diverse cultural and literacy levels of parents, with detailed information on transitioning to solid foods. Early education and community-based providers reported limited access to evidence-based educational materials more so than healthcare providers. It is an opportune time to develop reputable and evidence-based child feeding guidance that is readily available and accessible for parents of infants and toddlers to prevent early childhood obesity.

Enhancing Social-Emotional Outcomes in Early Years (E-SEE): Randomized Pilot Study of Incredible Years Infant and Toddler Programs

Social emotional development in infancy is a predictor of outcomes in later life, yet there is little evidence of effectiveness for parenting interventions designed to enhance social emotional wellbeing in infancy. An 18-month two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial evaluated the feasibility of a definitive trial of Incredible Years (IY) Infant and Toddler parent programs delivered in a proportionate universal model, called Enhancing Social-Emotional Health and Wellbeing in the Early Years (E-SEE) Steps. Intervention families received an IY Babies book (universal dose), followed by the IY Infant and/or the Toddler group-based programs, based on parent depression (PHQ-9) and/or child social emotional development (ASQ:SE-2) scores. Control parents received services as usual. Parents from two English local authorities with a child eight-weeks-old or younger participated, and were block randomized using a web-based system. Primary endpoints for the study were feasibility parameters relating to recruitment, retention, intervention fidelity and appropriateness of measures. 205 participants were randomized (152:53, intervention:control). Our target was 288 parents. Trial retention rate was higher than expected, with a completion rate of 88% (n = 181, 137:44) at follow-up 3; equating to 94% of 192 expected participants. Intervention uptake was lower than expected. Fidelity of delivery was acceptable and measures were deemed appropriate. A definitive trial is feasible with design amendments to include: introduction of a child screener for intervention eligibility; enhanced intervention material; revised sample size and random allocation ratio. Our internal pilot became an external pilot due to these changes.

Parental concerns of children with ASD by age: A qualitative analysis

BackgroundEliciting parents’ concerns about their children is an important initial step in the ASD diagnostic process. This information is often collected through forced-choice questionnaires utilizing professional terminology and may limit the potential concerns that can be reported. Parent concern studies to date have largely used deductive qualitative methods with only one age group of children. Inductive qualitative studies are needed to examine parental concerns of children with ASD across age groups with one coding scheme. MethodWe used an inductive qualitative analysis process to analyze concerns reported by parents of children ages 1–11 years on intake forms (n = 455) at an urban outpatient ASD specialty clinic. Analyses were based on three age groups (toddler, preschooler, middle childhood). ResultsUsing conventional content analysis, 12 categories of concerns emerged from parents’ responses: communication, social, behavioral/emotional, cognition, life skills, atypical behaviors, sensory, academic, health, seeking diagnostic clarity or resources, developmental, and motor skills. We found that parents reported the same concerns about their children across age groups in six of the 12 categories. The biggest difference in reported concerns across age groups was that parents of children in the preschooler and middle childhood groups reported a greater number of concerns related to mental health than parents of toddlers. ConclusionOur analysis yields specific information about similarities and differences in parents’ concerns depending on their child’s age. Ensuring that ASD evaluations are tailored to children’s unique needs has implications for timely diagnosis and access to care.

Babybyte: Usability Testing of a mHealth App Prototype to Improve Responsive Feeding Practices in Parents of Infants and Toddlers

ObjectivesWith the recent addition of nutrition guidance for children under the age of 2 years to the 2020 Dietary Guidelines, new strategies are needed to communicate reputable feeding information to parents of infants and toddlers for optimal nutrition and prevention of early childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to determine usability of a mHealth app prototype (BabyByte) containing early childhood feeding guidance based on recommended responsive feeding practices for parents of children ages 0 to 2 years old. MethodsParents participated in one-on-one cognitive interviews about the basic use and navigation of BabyByte and were probed to locate specific sections within the app, read the information on each page, and complete interactive tasks. Interviews were conducted by a trained research assistant and recorded via Zoom software. Each participant also completed the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) to rate overall usability, ease of use, interface satisfaction, and usefulness based on a 7-point Likert Scale. Mean MAUQ scores were calculated, with higher scores indicating higher usability of the app. Interview audio files were transcribed verbatim and response themes were aggregated using a content analysis approach. ResultsParents (n = 20) were, on average, 30.7 years old with the majority self-reporting as white (95%), Hispanic (55%), having a bachelor’s degree or higher (65%), working full-time (55%), and currently married (80%). On average, parents agreed or strongly agreed (6.5 ± 0.7 out of 7) that the app had high usability based on the MAUQ results. Ease of use (6.64 ± 0.6), interface and satisfaction (6.4 ± 0.9), and usefulness (6.3 ± 1.0) of the app received high ratings. Interview responses indicated that parents found the app prototype to be user-friendly and intuitive. Suggestions included minor changes in delivery, layout, and addition of supplemental and interactive content thus demonstrating the fit of the mHealth app with parent needs and preferences. ConclusionsParents of children ages 0 to 2 years old favorably rated the usability of BabyByte. With further revisions and expansion, BabyByte may be a feasible intervention tool to improve responsive practices by parents and prevent early childhood obesity. Funding SourcesUniversity of Florida CTSI

Parental acceptance and willingness to pay for a newly designed kitchen rack to reduce paediatric burns

The majority of pediatric burns in Mongolia occur within the home, particularly in the spaces dedicated to cooking. This makes home environment modification a priority for injury prevention. Many of these injuries are caused by electric appliances used in traditional tent-like dwellings (called a ger). In the present study, we designed and provided a context appropriate kitchen rack to 50 households with children aged 0–3 years living in gers and investigated parental views on the acceptability of the rack and willingness-to-pay (WTP) through face-to-face structured individual and group interviews and the contingent valuation method. We used the DCchoice package of R to estimate the median WTP and its 95% confidence interval by the household income, previous experience of childhood burn injury, and the number of children in the household. There was a total of 89 children aged <5 years in the 50 households, with a total of 59 burn experiences since birth including 29 treated at inpatient facilities. The median WTP was MNT 106,000 (about USD 37). The WTP appeared to be higher for the households with a higher income, more severe child burn experiences, and a greater number of children in the household. In the group interviews conducted after 4–6 weeks of routine use, the participants indicated that the use of the rack had resulted in a less stressful cooking environment, and the kitchen rack was described as a positive contribution to the reduction of risk to their young children. Whilst there were some suggestions for minor modifications, the rack was well accepted as a means of child burn prevention by the parents of infants and toddlers in Mongolia.

609 Comparing parental sleep goals for younger versus older toddlers

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to assess parental sleep goals, comparing younger (12-23.9-month-olds) and older toddlers (24-35.9-month-olds) in consideration of developmental differences. Methods Parents (98.0% mothers) of 401 toddlers (12–35 mos; M=22.49 mos; 49% male) in the US completed an online survey, including an abbreviated Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and a list of 58 desired areas of change (DACs). There were 230 one-year-olds (1yos; M=17.42mos) and 171 two-year-olds (2yos; M=29.30mos), with no difference in parent age between groups (M=34.41 years). Results 25.7% reported a perceived sleep-problem, whereas 94.8% indicated at least one sleep-related DAC. Parents of one- and two-year-olds reported similar rates of DAC for overnight sleep (58% vs. 49%), morning sleep (55% vs. 52%), and naps (70% vs. 64%), p&amp;gt;.05. Parents of 2yos, however, reported bedtime as a DAC at a higher rate (59% vs. 79%), p&amp;lt;.001. Twenty-five percent of specific bedtime DACs (n=8) were endorsed by ≥10% of parents. Parents endorsed falling asleep without an adult (17% of 1yos vs. 22% of 2yos) and falling asleep without nursing (10% vs. 9%) at similar rates, p&amp;gt;.05. Parents of two-year-olds were more likely to endorse: getting through bedtime routine quickly/easily without stalling (10% vs. 30%,), earlier bedtime (10% vs. 24%), falling asleep faster at bedtime (24% vs. 10%), falling asleep without a pacifier (11% vs. 19%), falling asleep faster while alone (8% vs. 16%), and falling asleep without stalling/making requests (3% vs. 18%), p&amp;lt;.05. Conclusion The majority of parents of toddlers endorsed a sleep-related desired area of change, with two-thirds wanting to change something about bedtime and naps, and over half wanting to change something about overnight and morning sleep. Parents of older toddlers (2yos) were more likely to desire changes at bedtime than parents of younger toddlers (1yos), especially related to stalling and discontinuing pacifier use. As toddlers age, bedtime problems are more likely. Health care providers should be aware of developmental changes, such as increased language and assertions of independence, that seem to mostly affect bedtime when addressing sleep issues in toddlers. Support (if any) Johnson &amp; Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.

Knowledge of Infant Development and Parent Well-Being: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Toddlers.

Knowledge about child development is associated with parenting and children's outcomes. Parents with less accurate knowledge about developmental milestones may have unrealistic expectations for their child's behavior, which may affect parent well-being. Limited research has examined this topic relative to depression, but other aspects of parent well-being (e.g., parenting stress) are unexplored. Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing prospective cohort study of 300 families in central Ohio enrolled when children were a mean (SD) calendar age of 18.2 (0.7) months. Children of all gestational ages at birth are included, and 37% were born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation.) Primary caregivers (93% mothers) completed the 20-item Knowledge of Infant Development Index (KIDI) and questionnaires for child temperament and 3 aspects of parent well-being (depressive and anxious symptoms, parenting stress, and general health). Covariate-adjusted regression models assessed relationships between the KIDI score and each well-being outcome. We hypothesized that parents with less knowledge would have more symptoms of depression and anxiety, greater parenting stress, and poorer health. Whether associations were stronger for parents of children born preterm or who had high negative affect was explored. Knowledge of Infant Development Index scores were associated with sociodemographic characteristics, child temperament, and gestational age (more knowledge: higher socioeconomic position, less child negative affect, and full-term birth). KIDI scores did not predict any aspect of parent well-being, and there was no evidence that child temperament or preterm birth altered these findings. In this sample of parents of toddlers assessed in 2018/19, greater knowledge of infant development was not associated with parent well-being.

Parental phone use during mealtimes with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPositive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtimes. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use a mobile phone during mealtimes, and further to explore the associations between the use of a mobile phone during mealtimes and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively.MethodsCross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals.ResultsHerein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B = − 1.05 (95% CI -1.69; − 0.41)) and family food environment (B = − 0.77 (95% CI -1.51; − 0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B = 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B = 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)).ConclusionsMobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions.Trial registrationISRCTN92980420. Registered 13 September 2017. Retrospectively registered.

“The parent trap”: gender stereotypes and parenting roles in an Australian parenting website

ABSTRACT Objective Gender role stereotypes play an important role in all areas of human development, and parents play a vital role in the formation and development of these stereotypes in children. Parents’ attitudes and beliefs about gender roles may be influenced by the parenting information and messages they receive. We aimed to determine the extent to which gender stereotypes and traditional parenting roles were portrayed in an officially endorsed online resource for parents of infants and toddlers. Method A quantitative content analysis of an Australian government supported parenting website was conducted. We explored the ways in which child and adult gender roles are represented. Specifically, we examined the frequency of stereotypical pronoun use, stereotypical content and implicit and explicit presentation. Method The website contains little evidence of child gender stereotypical portrayals, with approximately 6% of content gender-stereotypical and 3% counter-stereotypical. However, traditional parenting roles were more commonly referenced. Conclusions The direct addressal of fathers in specific “for dad” pages and use of neutral parent references (mostly “you”) throughout the website suggests an underlying assumption that mothers were accessing the website and therefore, information was tailored to mothers. By implicitly encouraging traditional parenting roles, traditional gender roles may be reinforced. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Gender role stereotypes are pervasive and influence child development. (2) Parents commonly seek guidance and information about raising children online and the information and messages they find serve as a potential source of influence on parents’ attitudes, beliefs and gender role stereotypes. (3) Little is known about how information about gender is communicated to parents online. What this topic adds: (1) Information presented to parents in a government supported website contains little evidence of child gender stereotypical portrayals. (2) Traditional parenting roles were more commonly referenced on the website. (3) Sections specifically addressed to fathers suggests website information was implicitlytargeted to mothers.

EDUCATION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FIRST 1000 DAYS OF LIFE IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUSKESMAS KARTINI, PEMATANG SIANTAR CITY

Community service activities carried out in the form of education on the importance of the First 1000 Days of Life in improving the health and nutritional status of children in the Working Area of ​​the Kartini Health Center, Pematang Siantar City. The partner in this activity is the Kartini Health Center with the target being pregnant women and mothers with toddlers who come to the Posyandu in the Working Area of ​​the Kartini Health Center in Pematang Siantar City. The choice of location for the activity was because the Kartini Health Center is one of the Health Centers in the city center of Pematang Siantar. Nutritional and health problems, especially in toddlers, can be prevented through educational activities provided through Posyandu activities. The solution in community service activities is to provide education on the First 1000 Days of Life for parents of toddlers, specifically mothers who come to visit the Posyandu. The purpose of this service activity is to increase the knowledge of parents of toddlers about the First 1000 Days of Life and changes in good nutritional behavior so that they can improve the health and nutritional status of children. The benefit of this activity is that parents, especially pregnant women and mothers of toddlers, know the importance of the First 1000 Days of Life to prevent nutritional problems in toddlers and improve children's health and nutritional status. The purpose of this service activity is to increase the knowledge of parents of toddlers about the First 1000 Days of Life and changes in good nutritional behavior so that they can improve the health and nutritional status of children. The benefit of this activity is that parents, especially pregnant women and mothers of toddlers, know the importance of the First 1000 Days of Life to prevent nutritional problems in toddlers and improve children's health and nutritional status. The purpose of this service activity is to increase the knowledge of parents of toddlers about the First 1000 Days of Life and changes in good nutritional behavior so that they can improve the health and nutritional status of children. The benefit of this activity is that parents, especially pregnant women and mothers of toddlers, know the importance of the First 1000 Days of Life to prevent nutritional problems in toddlers and improve children's health and nutritional status. The expected output of community service activities is in the form of articles published in community service journals and leaflets.

Fussy eating in toddlers: A content analysis of parents' online support seeking.

The development of healthy eating habits in childhood is essential to reducing later risk of obesity. However, many parents manage fussy eating in toddlerhood with ineffective feeding practices that limit children's dietary variety and reinforce obesogenic eating behaviours. Understanding parents' feeding concerns and support needs may assist in the development of feeding interventions designed to support parents' uptake of responsive feeding practices. A total of 130 original posts by parents of toddlers (12–36 months) were extracted from the online website Reddit's ‘r/Toddlers’ community discussion forum over a 12‐month period. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorise the fussy eating topics that parents were most concerned about and the types of support they were seeking from online peers. The most frequently raised fussy eating concerns were refusal to eat foods offered, inadequate intake (quantity and quality), problematic mealtime behaviours and changes in eating patterns. Parents were primarily seeking practical support (69.2%) to manage emergent fussy eating behaviours. This consisted of requests for practical feeding advice and strategies or meal ideas. Nearly half of parents sought emotional support (47.7%) to normalise their child's eating behaviour and seek reassurance from people with lived experience. Informational support about feeding was sought to a lesser extent (16.2%). Fussy eating poses a barrier to children's dietary variety and establishing healthy eating habits. These results suggest parents require greater knowledge and skills on ‘how to feed’ children and support to manage feeding expectations. Health professionals and child feeding interventions should focus on providing parents with practical feeding strategies to manage fussy eating. Supporting parents to adopt and maintain responsive feeding practices is vital to developing healthy eating habits during toddlerhood that will continue throughout adulthood.

Development and Qualitative Pretesting of Child Feeding and Obesity Prevention Messages for Parents of Infants and Toddlers

BackgroundConsistent, evidence-based child feeding guidance targeted to parents of children ages birth to 24 months (B-24) is needed for early childhood obesity prevention. ObjectiveThe aim was to develop and pretest a comprehensive set of child feeding and obesity prevention messages for parents of children ages B-24. DesignA qualitative, 2-phase protocol, grounded in social and behavior change, was used as a conceptual interview framework to pilot test early childhood feeding messages with parents. Participants/settingParticipants were parents (n = 23) of children ages B-24. MethodsA core set of 12 messages and supporting materials were developed for parents of children ages B-24 based on previous research findings, current research evidence, and feeding guidance. Parents were individually interviewed using a semistructured script along with additional questions to rank perceptions of message qualities. Main outcome measuresOverall comprehension, importance, believability, ease of implementation, and likelihood of use of messages were assessed. Statistical analysis performedData analysis included qualitative thematic analysis and descriptive statistics for Likert-scaled responses. ResultsParticipants were primarily female, non-Hispanic White, with a mean age of 33.3 ± 6.8 years and at least a bachelor’s degree. Overall, most messages were understood, believable, perceived as important, and feasible by parents. Messages related to starting solid foods, encouraging child control of intake and self-feeding, and food allergen guidance were perceived as more difficult and less likely to be implemented by parents. ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to evaluate actual implementation of messages by diverse parents and resulting outcomes including impact on child weight.

45852 Parenting stress predicts fast food intake in an urban community sample of overweight parents of toddlers

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The findings suggest that targeting parenting stress in combination with psychoeducation on nutrition and physical activity may have positive effects in improving healthy food choices such as reduction of fast food intake, which may in turn impact the health of toddlers and their families. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parent stress is associated with a myriad of unhealthy behaviors including overeating, decreased physical activity, which contribute to increased weight. Several programs have aimed to increase education of nutrition, but few have focused on parent stress to improve healthy food intake. The present study assessed parent stress and fast food intake. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Parents who have obesity and had a toddler in the age group of 2-5 years were enrolled for a preventive intervention study to assess the effect of a parent-based intervention to improve family health choices and reduce childhood obesity risk. The sample included 105 participants, mean age 34.80 (6.27) years old, mean body mass index (BMI) 35.51 kg/m2, 39.0% Non-Hispanic White, 20.0% Non-Hispanic Black, 22.9% multiracial, 12.4% Hispanic, and 5.7% other. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess overall general stress and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) to assess parent-specific stress. Chaos in the home and fast food intake were also assessed using self-report surveys. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary results are based on available data as of October 2020, data collection and recruitment are still in progress. There was a significant correlation between fast food intake with PSS (r=.18, p=.04), chaos (r=.24, p=.02), and PSI (r=.25, p=.01). Using a hierarchical regression model, we entered home chaos in the first block which explained a significant amount of the variability (R2= .06, p=.04). PSS was entered in the second block, which was not significant (R2 change=.01, p=.50), and in the final block PSI was entered and was significant (R2 change=.13, p &lt;.01). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The data indicate that parenting stress uniquely predicts fast food intake above and beyond what could be explained by home chaos and general perceived stress. Future analyses will assess a parent-based intervention targeting stress reduction to improve weight and health for the parent and their toddlers in order to reduce childhood obesity risk.

PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN BALITA GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN NUTRISI TINGGI BERBAHAN BAKU TEMPE DAN KEMBANG KOL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KABERE

Nutritional problems in Indonesia are getting more complex as the epidemiology transition occurs. According to reports of posyandu weighing activities at Kabere Puskesmas in 2020 there were 28 malnourished toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in body weight of malnourished toddlers by providing high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower in the working area of Kabere Public Health Center, Enrekang Regency. This type of research is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population is malnutrition under five in the working area of Puskesmas Kabere, The samples of this research were children under five who were malnourished, 14 under five who were given treatment and 14 children who were not given treatment for under-nutrition who were in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center by calculating zcore, Data analysis was performed using the independent sample t-test with the help of the SPSS version 20 program. The location of this research was conducted in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center. The research was conducted in July-August 2020.The results showed that the provision of high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower could significantly increase body weight in malnourished children under five. So it is recommended that parents of toddlers provide adequate nutritional intake for under-nutrition children so that their nutritional status can continue to improve.

Developmental Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Iranian Pre-Schoolers

PurposeEarly identification and intervention is recommended for developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Various screening tools are available, but most were developed in affluent English speaking countries. Design and methodsIn order to identify possible early signs of ASD within Iranian society, parents of 623 children in an age range from 3 to 7 years of age at risk of ASD, were interviewed about the signs that alerted their concerns. Also two screening instruments were developed and tested with the parents using items derived from the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS2). One focused on autistic behaviors and the second on developmental indicators. ResultsUsing both tools, 93% of the children who were identified as likely to have ASD based on a full GARS assessment were identified using the two screening tools. Practice implicationsThese assessments might be used in initial screening for ASD by early year's personnel or public health professionals with Iranian parents of toddlers who have concerns about their child's development.