Parents Of Individuals Research Articles

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Rett syndrome: An updated analysis using the Gastrointestinal Health Questionnaire.

We conducted a nationwide survey using a validated Gastrointestinal Health Questionnaire (GHQ) for Rett syndrome (RTT) to provide an updated and accurate baseline assessment of the prevalence of common gastrointestinal (GI) issues in RTT, based on parental reporting. Parents and caregivers of females with RTT or normally developing, unaffected, age-matched controls completed the GHQ survey. The prevalence of GI symptoms and personality and mood symptoms due to stomach or intestinal problems, as well as GI medication usage and surgical interventions, were assessed in females with RTT and unaffected controls. The relation between GI symptoms and medication usage, surgical status, age, and genetic mutation were analyzed. Parents of 118 females with RTT and 27 unaffected females completed the GHQ. GI symptoms were common in females with RTT, including constipation (81%), gas and bloating (70%), issues with eating, chewing and swallowing (73%), and irritability because of stomach or intestinal problems (53%). Females with RTT commonly used proton pump inhibitors (52%) and laxatives (64%). Medication usage was associated with significantly higher GHQ symptom scores. Parents of individuals with RTT reported a significantly higher prevalence of GI symptoms affecting their daughters in all symptom categories compared with unaffected females. GI problems are common in RTT and pose a significant medical burden to caregivers. The GHQ is a useful tool to assess GI issues in individuals with RTT. Improved recognition of these issues may allow for improved treatment and enhanced quality of life for girls and women affected by RTT.

Tacit knowledge in medical consultations for patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: An exploratory qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) cannot clearly express themselves. Therefore, tacit knowledge (TK) is crucial in caring for individuals with PIMD, while it possibly also plays a significant role in medical consultations. Method A qualitative inductive, thematic analysis was performed of 14 audio-taped consultations with intellectual disability physicians for patients with PIMD to explore how TK is represented and considered between parents and physicians. Results Parents conveyed their TK by sensing and perceptions of changes of their child's behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that parents of individuals with PIMD primarily shared TK concerning pain, sleeping issues, and epilepsy. Physicians recognised and incorporated parents’ TK, highlighting its significance in patient care. Conclusion This study underscores the important role of TK in consultations for patients with PIMD. Parents’ TK help to shape medical-decisions, urging physicians to validate parents’ TK while relating this TK to other types of medical knowledge.

Attachment Styles and Parenting Attitudes in Adults With "Pseudo-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder".

Background The number of individuals who experience the onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms after the age of 12 years has been growing, which does not meet the diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD. We designated this condition as "pseudo-ADHD" and investigated its psychological implications by comparing the parenting attitudes in childhood and attachment styles among individuals with "pseudo-ADHD," those with adult ADHD, and healthy controls. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years. Participants in the analysis included individuals with "pseudo-ADHD" (n = 46), adults with ADHD (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 758). The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used to evaluate parenting attitudes, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory for the Generalized Other (ECR-GO) was used to evaluate attachment styles. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the PBI and ECR-GO scores among the three groups. Results Regarding the PBI scores, a significant main effect of group was found for the paternal care scores (p = 0.002), and the "pseudo-ADHD" group did not differ significantly from the adult ADHD group or healthy control group (p = 0.378, p = 0.228, respectively). A significant main effect of the group was found for the maternal care scores (p < 0.001). The "pseudo-ADHD" group scored significantly lower than the adult ADHD group (p = 0.005), whereas there was no significant difference compared to the healthy control group (p = 1.000). A significant main effect of the group was also found for the paternal overprotection scores (p < 0.001). The "pseudo-ADHD" group scored significantly lower than the adult ADHD group (p = 0.002), whereas there was no significant difference compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.571). A significant main effect of group was found for the maternal overprotection scores (p < 0.001), and the "pseudo-ADHD" group did not differ significantly from either the adult ADHD group or the healthy control group (p = 0.060, p = 0.161, respectively). Regarding ECR-GO scores, a significant main effect of group was found for the fear of abandonment score (p < 0.001), and the "pseudo-ADHD" group scored significantly lower than the adult ADHD group (p < 0.001) and significantly higher than the healthy control group (p = 0.005). Conclusion This study suggested that the parenting attitudes of parents of individuals with "pseudo-ADHD" were not different from those of the healthy controls. For attachment styles, the fear of abandonment was higher in individuals with "pseudo-ADHD" than in healthy controls, but not as high as in patients with adult ADHD. This study highlights, for the first time, the importance of considering attachment styles in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with ADHD symptoms in adulthood.

Personal Growth Among Parents of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Psychopathology: The Role of Social Support and Attitudes Toward Service Use

ABSTRACT Introduction Greater psychopathology among individuals with intellectual disabilities, as well as distress among their parents, are negatively associated with personal growth among the latter. This study examines the role of parents’ social support and their attitudes toward service use as mediators of the relationship between psychopathology among adolescents/young adults with intellectual disabilities and growth among their parents. Methods Structured questionnaires which included measures of psychopathology of individuals with intellectual disabilities, parental distress, social support, attitudes toward service use and personal growth were completed by 195 parents of adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities or a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychopathology. Results Parent’s perception of the adolescent/young adult’s emotional state and social support were found to be associated with personal growth. Social support was found to mediate the relationships between the adolescent/young adult’s psychopathology and parental distress and personal growth. Parents’ attitudes toward use of services were not found to be related to growth. Conclusions Social support plays a pivotal role in the lives of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Professionals working with individuals with intellectual disabilities should seek to enhance social support for their parents.

Comprehensive management of a child with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease undergoing stem cell transplantation: a case report

An uncommon immunodeficiency disease known as X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) has been associated with severe immunological dysfunction and a high susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. This case report describes a four-year-old boy who had X-linked lymphoproliferative illness and died from multiple system organ failure (MSOF) after receiving treatment with a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (halo-HSCT). While providing care in such circumstances, rational-based care, prompt identification, primary nursing care, health education, and emotional assistance for parents of individuals with X-linked lymphoproliferative diseases are vital.

Examining stress and coping levels of patriarchal men with autistic children who receive special sports training in Türkiye

Our study aims to explore the factors affecting the stress levels and coping mechanisms of parents with children on the autism spectrum in patriarchal societies. The study group consisted of fathers (n = 183; x̅=44.6) of children diagnosed with autism between the ages of 18–55 living in Izmir province. As a data collection tool; ‘Personal Information Form’ prepared by the researcher to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of Turkish fathers; ‘Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SSAC)’, ‘Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ)’ was used. It is crucial for partners of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to support each other, a principle that holds true for fathers within patriarchal structures as well. Simply put, when parents of autistic individuals support each other, stress levels are reduced. Additionally, increased enrollment of the child in specialized education, especially those incorporating physical activities, serves as a stress-reducing factor. Another significant factor in reducing stress is the employment status of the mother. According to this finding, in patriarchal societies (such as ours), mothers are not obligated to stay at home and care for the child; they can pursue employment. Indeed, a noteworthy outcome of our study is the decrease in paternal stress when the mother is employed.

Barriers, motivators and strategies to increase participation in genetic research among Asian and Black families of autistic individuals.

Genetic research can help advance our knowledge of autism and positively impact the progress of care for individuals with autism. Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) and Black participants remain significantly underrepresented in genetic research in autism in the United States, including nationwide, multisite, genetic consortiums like Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK). Few studies have explored the unique motivators and barriers that influence participation in genetics research across underrepresented groups with autism and strategies to increase participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of AAPI and Black parents of individuals with autism about participating in genetic research, specifically motivators (e.g., desire to know more about the relationship between autism and genetics) and/or barriers (e.g., mistrust of research staff) that may impact their decision to participate in genetic research. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected surveys (n = 134) across the United States and conducted three focus groups with parents of individuals with autism (n = 16) who identified as AAPI and Black from two large metropolitan cities. No significant differences were observed in the survey data but findings from the focus groups elucidate shared motivators for participation (e.g., to help advance the autism field for future generations) and nuanced differences in barriers that influence Black and AAPI parents' decision to participate (e.g., different beliefs about the source of autism). Practical suggestions to improve outreach and study engagement in genetic research in autism were identified and discussed.

The Assessment of Parental Acceptance- Rejection Perception in Adults Who Stutters

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate parental acceptance/rejection perception in adult who stutterers. Specifically, it highlights the significance of the attitudes of parents of individuals who stutter in terms of the lifelong effects of stuttering. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 40 individuals, 20 females and 20 males, who stutter, and 20 females and 20 males who not stutter. These participants were recruited from the Speech and Language Therapy Unit at Hacettepe University. Digital video recordings of individuals with stuttering were made to assess their stuttering, and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was administered to the participants with stuttering to evaluate how they perceived the severity of their stuttering. All participants were administered the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionare Adult Form (PARQ) to assess their perception of parental attitudes. Results: The parental acceptance-rejection perceptions of mothers of individuals who stutter are significantly different from those of individuals who do not stutter (t=5.584, p &amp;lt; .05). The parental acceptance-rejection perceptions of fathers of individuals who stutter significantly differ from those of individuals who do not stutter (t=5.533, p &amp;lt; .05). The total parental acceptance-rejection scores and sub-dimensions of scores perceived by participants from their parents did not differ by gender. Conclusion: It was concluded that there are negative effects of parental acceptance-rejection perception in individuals who stutter

Narrative Ability in Autism and First-Degree Relatives.

Narrative is an important communication skill for sharing personal experiences and connecting with others. Narrative skills are often impacted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have important consequences for social interactions and relationships. Subtle differences in narrative have also been reported among first-degree relatives of autistic individuals, suggesting that narrative may also be an etiologically important language-related skill that is influenced by genes associated with ASD. This study examined narrative ability and related visual attention during narration in ASD and first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD (siblings and parents) to understand how narrative and related attentional styles may be variably impacted across the spectrum of ASD genetic influence. Participants included 56 autistic individuals, 42 siblings of autistic individuals, 49 controls, 161 parents of autistic individuals, and 61 parent controls. Narratives were elicited using a wordless picture book presented on an eye tracker to record concurrent gaze. Findings revealed parallel patterns of narrative differences among ASD and sibling groups in the use of causal language to connect story elements and the use of cognitive and affective language. More subtle differences within the domain of causal language were evident in ASD parents. Parallel patterns in the ASD and sibling groups were also found for gaze during narration. Findings implicate causal language as a critical narrative skill that is impacted in ASD and may be reflective of ASD genetic influence in relatives. Gaze patterns during narration suggest similar attentional mechanisms associated with narrative among ASD families.

Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA).

The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA) among parents of children ASD. The translated version was administered to 91 parents (Male: 4, Female: 85, other: 2) of individuals diagnosed with ASD. Among these, 22 completed the questionnaire twice, providing data for the assessment of test-retest reliability (ICC). The B-QoLA score ranged from 41 to 122, with a mean (SD) of 74.3 ± 18.5 in Part A and ranged from 22 to 94, with a mean (SD) of 61.6 ± 16.4, in Part B. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.94 for Part A, 0.92 for Part B and 0.94 for total B-QoLA, indicating excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, which was 0.96 for the total scale, 0.94 for Part A, and 0.95 for Part B. Part A-X2 (df) = 297, (167), X2/2 = 1.7, CFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.84, GFI = 0.78, AGFI = 0.75, and RMSEA (95%CI) = 0.09 (0.07-0.11); Part B-X2 (df) = 297, (167), X2/2 = 1.7, CFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.84, GFI = 0.78, AGFI = 0.75, and RMSEA (95%CI) = 0.09 (0.07-0.11), thus indicating moderate fit of the model. The Brazilian version of the QoLA shows encouraging psychometric properties on each of the two subscales, showing strong internal consistency and good construct validity.

Physical and psychosocial factors associated with fatigue in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

AbstractAimsThis study investigated fatigue in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), identifying both physical and psychosocial factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional web‐based survey of 125 parents of individuals with 22q11.2DS. Significant factors of fatigue were identified using bivariate analysis and forward stepwise binary logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 34% (42 of 125) of the participants reported fatigue. Bivariate analysis identified 37 variables linked with fatigue, of which 11 were significant in multivariable analysis: older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 1.53], P = 0.008), history of auditory hypersensitivity (OR = 36.4, 95% CI [4.08, 323.8], P = 0.001), delayed motor development (OR = 10.4, 95% CI [1.78, 61.0], P = 0.009), difficulty participating in events (OR = 33.5, 95% CI [1.1, 1068.2], P = 0.047), inability to join groups (OR = 47.9, 95% CI [4.8, 481.7], P = 0.001), concerns about marriage (OR = 17.0, 95% CI [2.6, 112.7], P = 0.003), inability to attend facilities (OR = 20.4, 95% CI [1.4, 308.0], P = 0.029), poor coordination when changing medical facilities (OR = &lt; 0.010, 95% CI [0, 0.014], P = 0.002), lack of understanding about the individual's condition (OR = 0.010, 95% CI [0, 0.502], P = 0.021), and requirement of visiting multiple departments within the hospital (OR = 46.6, 95% CI [1.9, 1124.6], P = 0.018).ConclusionsFatigue in 22q11.2DS is multifaceted, necessitating holistic fatigue management.

Experiences of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye: a phenomenological study

Individuals with intellectual disabilities and their parents, who encounter many barriers in daily life, may experience even more serious problems when faced with a devastating disaster such as an earthquake. For effective earthquake preparation, it is important to identify these problems before the earthquake. However, studies examining the earthquake experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their parents are quite limited. In this context, the aim of the current study was to explore the experiences of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities who were affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye. This study used the phenomenological qualitative research design. In this study, there were 16 parents, who have children with intellectual disabilities and participated in face-to-face interviews. Interview data were analyzed thematically. Two overarching themes were found: (1) low level of earthquake preparedness, and (2) inaccessible needs. The findings revealed that the majority of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities made few preparations for the earthquake, could not access many of their needs during and after the earthquake, and could not find a special unit for individuals with disabilities to explain their problems.

Experiences and needs of mothers concerning their involvement in the life and care of their adult sons with mild intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders who display challenging behaviour and live in residential facilities

Objectives Parental involvement is crucial for individuals with comorbid mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who display challenging behaviour and reside in residential facilities. However, extant literature predominantly concentrates on the perspectives of parents of individuals with MID and ASD who display challenging behaviour and reside in their family home. In the current study, we aimed to understand the experiences and needs of mothers of residential living sons concerning their involvement. Methods Five mothers of adult sons with MID and ASD who display challenging behaviour and live in a residential facility were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three overarching themes were identified in the data: Fighting for appropriate care and support; Searching for a level of involvement that suits me; What is important to me in terms of support for my son and myself. Conclusions Although mothers reported that they wanted to be less involved in caring for their sons, they struggled to scale back their involvement. Efforts should be made to reach both a suitable and sustainable level of involvement for individual mothers.

Modifiable protective factors for mental health resilience in the offspring of depressed parents: A high-risk longitudinal cohort spanning adolescence and adulthood.

Several protective factors have been identified for mental health (MH) resilience in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. However, it is unclear if these effects persist into adulthood. Depressed parents and their offspring (N=188) from the Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression study were assessed four times (mean offspring ages 12.39, 13.77, 14.82, and 23.41). Mental health resilience was examined using residual scores (better-than-expected mood-, behaviour-, or anxiety-related MH at mean age 23 given risk exposure), and categorically as sustained good MH across adolescence and young adulthood. Only 9.2% of young adults demonstrated sustained good MH. Parents of resilient individuals showed lower comorbidity (anxiety, antisocial behaviour and harmful drinking) and higher depression remission. Considering adolescent protective factors, weak evidence was observed of associations of mood-resilience with adolescent peer-relationship quality (β=-0.20, 95%CI:-0.36, -0.04); friendship quality (β=-0.14, 95%CI:-0.31, 0.02); risk adjustment (β=-0.16, 95%CI:-0.34, 0.03) and dysfunctional attitudes (β=0.18, 95%CI:0.01, 0.35). There was weak evidence of behavioural-resilience association with parent positive expressed emotion (β=-0.15, 95%CI:-0.31, 0.02) and offspring exercise (β=-0.37, 95%CI:-0.77, 0.03). No adolescent protective factors showed an association with anxiety-resilience. For sustained good MH, there was weak evidence of an association with inhibitory control (OR=0.39, 95%CI:0.14, 1.07). Strong evidence was observed for associations between young adult-reported peer relationship quality and mood-resilience (β=-0.35, 95%CI:-0.53, -0.17), behavioural-resilience (β=-0.33, 95%CI:-0.51, -0.14) and anxiety-resilience (β=-0.34, 95%CI:-0.53, -0.14), while weak evidence was observed of an association of social activities with anxiety-resilience (β=-0.51, 95%CI:-0.97, -0.06). We found limited evidence for the long-lasting effects of adolescent protective factors on adult MH resilience. Social factors remained protective into young adulthood, while family factors did not. Early preventative intervention might not be sufficient to maintain good long-term MH, and young people will likely require more prolonged support.

Correlations of Physical and Psychological Health in Parents of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive, and/or sensory behaviors or interests. The prevalence of ASD is now 1 in 36 individuals. Parents of individuals with ASD face challenges that can affect their physical and psychological well-being. With the long-term goal to tailor an exercise program, the purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) establish the baseline physical and mental health of parents of individuals with ASD and (2) estimate the relationship of physiologic variables with psychological variables of health for parents of individuals with ASD. This descriptive, cross-sectional study (N = 44) explored physical health measures and the correlation between physical and psychological health, using measures of anxiety, stress, parenting depression, and positive thinking for parents who care for individuals with ASD. The common characteristics that these parents shared was high body fat and low physical activity. Body fat was negatively correlated to total step count (r = -0.428, P < .05), grip strength (r = -0.319, P < .5), and total distance walked in the week (r = -0.661, P < .01), and positively correlated to 5-times sit to stand (r = 0.337, P < .05). Low activity correlated to increased parenting stress of advocating for child's needs (r = -0.310, P = .043). Understanding relationships between physical and psychological health informs effective interventions and support systems for parents. Parents need supports to be able to prioritize exercise. Future studies should include a larger sample to verify these effects.

Autism Sports Education: Transforming Lives of Families

It is very important to integrate individuals with autism into social life in order to minimize the effects of autism, which is a developmental problem that lasts for a long time and needs to be lived together and is increasing numerically every day. In this context, 14 parents of individuals with autism participated in the research conducted to determine the effect of the Sports Education Project for People with Autism (SEPA), which was carried out in cooperation with Gazi University, on the daily lives of autistic individuals and their families. In the research, the phenomenology design, which is among the qualitative research methods, was utilized. Using homogeneous sampling technique, focus group interviews were conducted with 14 parents who had been attending the SEPA for 4 months without interruption. In general, the participants found the impact of SEPA on their daily lives to be positive; in terms of parents, they stated that it allowed them to share problems with other parents and increase solidarity, thus allowing them to socialize, contributed positively to family interactions and made them feel happier. In terms of their children, they stated that they contributed positively to their physical and social development and that this situation facilitated their children's daily lives. The findings obtained support that projects such as the Children with Autism Education Project will contribute positively to the life processes of individuals with autism and their families. It is recommended that studies in this direction be expanded.

Enhancing intersex healthcare: A qualitative study of parental perspectives on the role of genetics

AbstractIntersex individuals, encompassing people with diverse sex characteristics that do not fit binary frameworks of sex, have long faced a history of medical secrecy, discrimination, and societal stigma, contributing to their limited social visibility. In recent years, increased awareness of intersex issues and a robust advocacy movement have drawn significant attention to the experiences of intersex individuals and their families. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the experiences and needs of parents of intersex individuals within genetic healthcare systems, bridging a critical gap, and advocating for more comprehensive and supportive healthcare practices. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of intersex individuals, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to inductively generate four major themes. Themes highlighted the need for improved accessibility of intersex healthcare, the importance of multidisciplinary healthcare teams, and the significance of clinical diagnosis provided by genetics professionals. Furthermore, the study highlighted the necessity of a thoughtful approach to information provision and the impact of genetic investigations on family dynamics. Genetics professionals can play a pivotal role in raising awareness about intersex variations, improving diagnostic processes, collaborating within healthcare teams, and providing specialized support to address psychosocial concerns. The study underscores the importance of treating families as a collective entity and addressing the impact of genetic investigations on the family unit. By addressing the challenges and implementing the recommendations outlined, healthcare institutions can create a more compassionate, inclusive, and effective healthcare environment for the intersex community.

Identifying the Correlates of Individual, Peer and Systemic Advocacy Among Parents of Children with Disabilities Who are Interested in Civic Engagement

AbstractParent advocacy is often critical for families of individuals with disabilities. Prior research has suggested that parent advocacy occurs across three levels: individual, peer, and systemic. Yet, little empirical research has identified the correlates of advocacy for each level. For this study, we examined the survey responses of 246 parents of individuals with disabilities who were interested in participating in a legislative advocacy program. Analyses included hierarchical regressions to identify the correlates of individual, peer, and systemic advocacy. Parents of children with autism were significantly more likely to engage in individual advocacy. Parents who identified as Black (versus other racial groups) advocated significantly more on a systemic level. Further, malleable factors such as empowerment and motivation correlated positively with advocacy. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Need for Exploring Meta-emotion Philosophy to Comprehend Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder

The impact parenting has on the development of personality is quite known. The influence of emotions on a dysregulation level has been researched and found to influence the same. Earlier research points out that the dismissing meta-emotion philosophies parents hold have impacted the development of various psychological ailments. Evidence also indicates how the parents’ emotion-coaching philosophies efficiently aid an individual’s development. This article reviews the need to explore and understand the meta-emotion philosophy of parents of individuals diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality disorder to better comprehend the emotional functionality of the parents and the individuals with the diagnosis.

Parental Stress Related to Caring for a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Benefit of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Parental Stress: A Systematic Review

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to exhibit more severe challenging behaviors than typically developing children and those with intellectual or other disabilities. This study aimed to review the stress levels of parents of individuals with ASD, and the use of mindfulness to decrease parental stress. The following variables of Autism, Stress, Parenting, Family, and Mindfulness were searched in PubMed and APA PsycNet databases. The studies between 2000 and 2023 with at least two of the mentioned keywords were included for further review. This review highlights the significance of further research on the severity of autism symptoms and how they are related to the level of parental stress, and it thoroughly examines the findings of pertinent studies on parental stress and autism. Furthermore, it aims to draw attention to the application of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing parental stress. Parents of children with ASD were found to have higher stress levels than those of typically developing children. Mindfulness-based interventions were found to be helpful in decreasing parents’ stress levels. Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder is very challenging, which causes parents to experience higher stress levels than those of typically developing children.