Parenting Style Research Articles

Javanese and Batak Tribes: The Role of Moderation in Parenting Style on Self-Control in Adolscents

This research aims to determine the influence of parenting styles on self-control which is moderated by ethnicity in adolescents. The research design used is a correlational quantitative design. Sampling technique using method convenience sampling. The research used 2 scales, namely the Parental Style Inventory II (PSI-II) to measure parenting style and the Brief Self Control Scale to measure self-control. The data analysis technique in this research is using moderated regression analysis and simple regression tests. The research results show that ethnicity does not moderate the influence of parenting style on self-control (P Int_1 = 0.5323 > 0.05). Besides that, independent testing obtained significant results (parenting style influence self-control). However, when there is a covariate (another variable present), namely ethnicity and controlled simultaneously, it becomes insignificant (in the test using Hayes).

The Associations Between Parenting and Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Parenting styles are closely related to bullying behavior in children and adolescents. However, differences in study design and inconsistent results create uncertainty regarding the relationship between parenting and bullying. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between four parenting styles and bullying perpetration/victimization through a meta-analysis, identifying sources of study heterogeneity by examining moderating effects. This meta-analysis included 107 studies with 624 effect sizes and 162203 participants (49.28% female, Mage = 13.51, SDage = 2.56). Results indicated that positive parenting was negatively correlated with bullying perpetration and victimization, while negative/harsh parenting and uninvolved parenting were positively correlated with bullying perpetration and victimization. A positive correlation was also found between psychologically controlling parenting and bullying victimization (not perpetration). Significant moderating variables included the identity of the caregiver, country of origin, ethnic group, reporter of parenting, reporter of bullying, and measure of bullying. Specifically, the mother's psychological control was more related to bullying perpetration and victimization than the father's. Compared to other countries and ethnic groups, the relationships between psychologically controlling parenting or negative/harsh parenting and bullying were more positive in studies of Chinese and Asians. The relationship between negative/harsh parenting and bullying demonstrated a greater effect size in self-reported measures of parenting and bullying. Finally, a stronger correlation was found between negative/harsh parenting and bullying victimization when using the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire to measure bullying. The current study deepens the understanding of the relationship between different parenting styles and bullying, emphasizing that adopting appropriate parenting, particularly positive parenting behaviors, helps mitigate bullying issues and achieve positive developmental outcomes for children and adolescents.

Parenting Patterns for Pre-School Age Children at Al-Khairat Kindergarten

Introduction: Parenting patterns are classified into three, namely authoritarian parenting models, permissive parenting models and democratic parenting models. During interviews with several children's parents, parents said that their children were difficult to direct, they did not hear what was being said, their children often threw tantrums such as throwing, hitting them if their wishes were not met, there were also children who did not want to talk when gathered with the family, children only wanted to talk. when parents ask. Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the parenting patterns of parents and the emotional development of preschool age children at Al-Khairaat Parigi Kindergarten, Loji Village, Parigi Moutong Regency.. Method: This research method uses a quantitative design with a descriptive research design. The variables in this research are parenting patterns, with the types of data used namely primary data and secondary data, data analysis uses univariate analysis. The population in this study was 56 people and the sample was 36 people with a sampling technique, namely simple random sampling Result: The research results showed that democratic parenting was 23 respondents (63.9%), permissive parenting was 9 respondents (25.0%) and authoritarian parenting was 4 respondents (11.1%). Conclusion: Most respondents apply a democratic parenting style to preschool-aged children at Al-Khairaat Kindergarten, Loji Village, Parigi Moutong Regency. The advice from this research is that it is hoped that parents and schools will pay attention to which parenting style will be given to children so that they can develop optimal emotional development.

Helicopter Parenting among Late Adolescents

Background: In the contemporary context, helicopter parenting which is a common practice and in Southeast Asia region, it is a growing parenting approach. It has several components that affect adolescents and emerging adults physical, psychological and social well-being. The aim of the study is to measures the parenting style for the adolescent for which the Helicopter Parenting Scale (HPS) was used. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the state of helicopter parenting style of parents on late adolescents of Police Lines School and College, Rangpur, Bangladesh. Results: The mean age of the adolescent was 17.7±0.6 years. The mean of HP scores was 3.6±0.5. About three out of five participants had a perceived average level of HP (58.9%) and a few of them had a high level of HP (2.3%). A statistically significant association found within the level of HP and adolescent’s family type (p<0.05) and the perceived level of HP was average among the adolescents who came from the nuclear family (61.8%). The HP scores were high in the nuclear family (3.62±0.413) and parents’ living together (3.59±0.422). There were significant differences found in the HP scores with the adolescent’s family type and their parent’s relationship state (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study found that nuclear families were more likely to adopt helicopter parenting than other types of families, with their perceived level of this parenting style being assessed as averagely good. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 26-31

Authoritative Parenting Style and Social-Emotional Development of Pre-Primary Learners: A Case of Lurambi Sub-Kakamega County, Kenya

Parenting is crucial to a child's growth and development since so much of what they learn in their formative years hinges on the strength of their relationships with their parents. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of authoritative parenting styles on social emotional development of pre-primary learners. The study adopted Baumrind's theory on parenting styles and used descriptive survey research design. The target population was 6,848 pre-primary learners, 264 ECD teachers, and 6,526 parents in Lurambi Sub-County-Kenya. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques helped to obtain sample size of 400 pre-primary learners, 26 ECD teachers and 20 ECD parents from 19 pre-schools. The interview schedule, questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to generate data for the study. The regression analysis indicated that authoritative parenting style had a statistically significant effect in predicting social emotional development of pre-primary learners as indicated by R2 =.206 (20.6%); F(1,18), = 4.661, B= .541, t=2.159, p<0.045. The study concluded that most children had active conversation with their parents, the study also concluded that most children were given token by their parents before doing task, the study also most parents made demands from their children. The study recommends that parents should use authoritative parenting to enhance children’s social emotional development.

The influence of parenting styles and coping strategies on anxiety symptoms in adolescents: a comparative study of groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury behavior

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been increasing year by year, especially among adolescents, and it is highly correlated with the level of anxiety among teenagers, particularly within Chinese cultural contexts where parenting styles significantly influence adolescent behavior. Objective This study examines the role of culturally-influenced parenting styles and adolescent coping strategies in relation to anxiety and NSSI behavior, aiming to clarify these multivariate interactions for better understanding and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with NSSI-diagnosed adolescents from Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China, and healthy adolescents from urban schools. Data on background, parenting styles, coping strategies, and anxiety levels were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, MANOVA, and regression analysis. Results Adolescents with NSSI reported higher anxiety levels, more punishment and interference, and less emotional warmth from their fathers compared to the non-NSSI group (p < 0.001). The NSSI group also relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, while the non-NSSI group favored problem-oriented approaches (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed significant effects of NSSI behavior, parenting styles, and coping strategies on anxiety levels. Conclusion This study found that the anxiety levels of NSSI adolescents were significantly higher than those of non-NSSI adolescents in China, which was closely related to less emotional warmth from parents, more punishment and interference, and emotion-focused coping strategies. The results demonstrate that family environment and coping strategies play a critical role in NSSI behavior and anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of emphasizing emotional support and positive coping strategies in the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior.

Relation between parenting style and confident decision-making in a student population.

Parenting styles differ in their expression of care and (over)protection behaviors and are associated with markedly different outcomes in children. While research has examined the effects of parenting styles on global self-esteem and self-efficacy, little is known about how they might relate to decision-confidence (metacognitive bias) in a task. This study examined the possible relation between students' decision-confidence and the perceived parenting style of their primary caregiver. Participants (N = 246) played a trust game and rated their confidence in task choices. The perceived parenting style of their caregiver was determined using participants' responses to the Parental Bonding Instrument. Participants' decision-confidence was not significantly associated with their caregiver's parenting style. However, decision-confidence was positively related with self-efficacy to a small degree. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with overprotective caregivers were more likely to report poor self-efficacy and self-esteem; increased depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms; childhood adversity; and anxious and avoidant attachment; while participants with caring caregivers showed the opposite pattern. Our results are a step towards understanding the potential effects of parenting on adult children's decision-confidence and contribute to growing evidence that perceived parental behaviors have strong associations with young adults' mental health, self-worth, and relationship attachment.

Parenting Styles and Coping Strategies among Vietnamese Adolescents

Coping ability is one of the crucial factors helping adolescents face and overcome changes and difficulties during this developmental stage. The selection and use of coping strategies by adolescents are influenced by various factors from family, school, and social environment, including parenting styles. This study aims to examine the influence of parenting styles, as perceived by adolescents, on their coping strategies. Using a cross-sectional design, the study employed the Proactive Coping Inventory and Parenting Scale. Results showed that parental autonomy support, psychological control, and behavioral control have different effects on adolescents' coping strategies.

The Role of Affects and Emotional Styles in the Relationship Between Parents and Preschool Children

Background/Objectives: Parent–child relationships represent a key factor for the quality of developmental trajectories and impact on children’s social and emotional competence. Therefore, research has advanced the role of parenting by showing the significance of differentiating between distinctive aspects of a parent’s behaviors. This study aims to investigate the role of the feelings experienced in parent–child relationships (e.g., warmth and negative feelings), considering the moderating role of the parental styles toward children’s emotions (e.g., coaching and dismissing). Methods: A total of 136 mothers (M = 38.09 years, SD = 4.51 anni, 48.5% high school degree) with a preschool child (age range 3–5 years) in Central Italy have been involved in a survey during the pandemic period. Results: Multiple regression analyses show that warmth and negative feelings are associated with positive parenting; however, the moderation effect of the dismissing style on both warmth and negative feelings emerged. Conclusions: Despite the characteristics of the data collection period, the results suggest the importance of considering the emotion-related dimensions between parents and their children as they seem to influence parenting behaviors.

Pengaruh Parenting Style dan Teman Sebaya terhadap Nilai Karakter Remaja di Jorong Panta Kecamatan Matur

This research aims to determine the influence of parenting style and peers on the character values ​​of adolescents in Jorong Panta, Kenagarian Panta Pauh, Matur District, Agam Regency. This research uses a correlational design with a quantitative approach to analyze the relationship between two independent variables, its parenting style and peer influence, on the dependent variable, namely the formation of adolescent character. The research sample consisted of 55 teenagers aged 15 to 18 years, selected using sampling techniques. Data collection wast carried out through distributing questionnaires that measured three main dimensions: parenting style, peer influence, and adolescent character values. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to determine the magnitude of the influence of each variable on adolescent character. The results of the research show that both parental style preferences and interactions with peers have a significant influence on the character formation of teenagers in Jorong Panta.

Examining the impact of maternal and paternal parenting styles on maladaptive schemas in adults with depression: mediating role of self-efficacy

Examining the impact of maternal and paternal parenting styles on maladaptive schemas in adults with depression: mediating role of self-efficacy

Does early skin-to-skin contact have a long-term effect on the emotional and behavioral development of very preterm infants?

IntroductionPremature birth may impair a sensitive, responsive, enjoyable, and regulating parenting style, potentially leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional deficits in children. Additionally, the emotional bond between the parent and infant may be disturbed due to the restrictions and difficulties at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), further negatively impacting child development. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) directly after birth is strongly recommended also for preterm or low birth weight infants since there is high-certainty evidence that SSC has positive effects on neonatal and maternal health as well as on the quality of the parent–child relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of skin-to-skin contact immediately after childbirth on the development of emotional and behavioral problems in children born preterm entering school.MethodsThis study is part of a randomized controlled delivery room skin-to-skin study (Deisy Study). A total of 33 children (aged 6–8 years) were assessed at school start. The German version of the CBCL/6-18R was used to evaluate the presence of behavior problems.ResultsThe perceived parental stress 6 months after discharge was the variable that most contributed to the variance explanation. SSC immediately after childbirth was not significant in the prediction of emotional and behavioral problems at school start.LimitationsThe study was conducted in a small study group. Partners' variables were not included. Information regarding sociodemographic variables and bonding quality was collected 6 months (corrected age) after birth. The measurement of children's behavioral problems is not objective and corresponds to the parents' perception.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov, deisy study NCT01959737, deisy follow up NCT03366285.

Research on the Impact of Parenting Styles on Internet Addiction in Primary School Students

Abstract: With the rapid development of mobile phones and smartwatches, many primary school students have become increasingly dependent on the internet, to the extent that it affects their normal lives. Parental upbringing significantly influences children's behavior, as a warm family environment can reduce internet dependency, while an overly strict and highly controlling one can increase the amount of time primary school students spend on the internet. This study investigated the impact of parenting styles on Internet addiction in adolescents. The sample comprised 71 elementary school students, including 34 females and 37 males. A personal information form, "The Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R)," and "The 21-item Chinese version of the s-EMBU" were used in the data gathering process. Regression analysis, simple correlation, F-test, and t-test methods were applied in data analysis. According to the findings, internet addiction is favorably connected with perceived poor parenting styles and negatively correlated with perceived positive parenting styles. Furthermore, there are gender differences in the prevalence of internet addiction among teenagers, with male teens being more likely than female teens to experience problematic online addiction.

Lived Experiences of Parents of Children Having Type-I Diabetes Aged 6 to 12 Years

Type I diabetes is chronic illness which change the life styles of parents, children as well as the entire family. Parents faced many challenges such as care, management (insulin administration, diabetic diet, blood glucose monitoring) and treatment cost. Objective of the study is to explore lived experience of parents of children having type I diabetes. A qualitative phenomenological study design was adopted, and total eleven parents (8 mothers and 3 fathers) were selected as participants by using non probability purposive sampling procedure. Data was gathered by using in-depth interview. The huge information was reduced to smaller statements by grouping similar responses to get actual meaning which were coded, categorized and organized to sub themes and themes. Findings revealed that parents had experienced so many ups and downs emotional feelings during the journey of treatment. They experienced nature of type I diabetes like treatment need for the whole of life, hardship during diagnosis process, facing the diabetes complications, financial crisis and need for treatment in emergency situation. The study also revealed that parents felt permanent impact from their child’s previous health condition and disruption of family unit but they were hopeful about their children’s future consequences. They struggled for supporting and caring their children’s lives at all times in the best possible ways. They learnt to live with children having Type-I diabetes. Parents suggested to launch awareness programs to educate school teachers, staffs and health worker for early diagnosis.

Investigating cultural influences on Chinese Parents’ formation of Parenting Style

This study aims to explore the influence of cultural factors on the formation of parenting styles among Chinese parents. Parenting style is a crucial factor in child development, and there are significant variations in parenting practices across different cultural backgrounds. While numerous studies have indicated that parenting patterns are influenced by various factors, research specific to the parenting styles within the unique cultural context of China remains insufficient. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study analyzes the current status of four classic parenting models (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglecting) proposed by Diana Baumrind within Chinese families and the cultural influences behind them. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, data were collected from eight Chinese families to examine how cultural values, religious beliefs, social environments, and gender roles shape parenting styles. The study found that Confucianism in Chinese culture significantly impacts parenting styles, emphasizing collectivism, respect for authority, and the importance of education. Additionally, with the dissemination of Western culture, an increasing number of Chinese parents are beginning to value granting their children more autonomy and self-reflection space. However, regardless of the culture, cultural factors exert a profound and complex influence on parenting patterns.

The Influences of Childhood Trauma and Parenting Styles on The Bipolar Disorder of Teenagers

After Covid-19, more and more students were reported to commit suicide, which shows that the mental health problems have become normal phenomenons in the adolescents. It has attracted more and more attentions of parents and teachers. Among all the mental health problems, bipolar disorder has been a common and serious problem in the teenagers. Bipolar disorder is a chronic and complex disorder which is partly diagnosed in the adolescence and early adulthood. The leading causes of bipolar disorder mainly focused on genetics and environment. This paper aims to explore the influences of two aspects, childhood trauma and parenting styles on the bipolar disorder of adolescents. In this paper, some retrospective literature was reviewed again. The results show that the incidents of childhood trauma are frequent and severe in bipolar disorder. In the five subscales, emotional abuse, emotional neglect are the main two subscales which have much influence on the morbidity of bipolar disorder. Besides, compared with the control group, the different parenting styles may have different influence on children. severe punishment, emotional care and understanding,over control and protection of fathers, and the severe punishment, emotional care and understanding, preference of subjects and denial and rejection chosen by mothers may be the influential factors of the teenagers with bipolar disorder. Therefore, childhood trauma should be avoided or decreased as much as possible. Besides, parents are supposed to create a more caring and tolerable environment full of love for their children.

Parenting Styles, Savings Attitudes, and Propensity to Save Among Children in Singapore

This study investigates the association between parenting styles, savings attitudes, and the propensity to save among 62 children aged 10 to 15 years who had participated in a matched savings program in Singapore and 25 children who served as a comparison group. Results revealed that savings attitudes and parenting styles were positively associated with the propensity to save. Specifically, older age, perceiving saving as a good thing to do, reliance on parental guidance for saving, and authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with a higher propensity to save. In contrast, perceiving saving as a struggle and permissive parenting was inversely associated with the propensity to save. Increased authoritative and authoritarian parenting scores predicted children’s propensity to save. Implications of involving children as active agents in saving and parental involvement in matched savings programs are discussed.

The Impact of Parenting Styles on Adolescents' Mental Health

The family is the primary environment where adolescents transition from being individuals to becoming members of society. During adolescence, the family atmosphere and parenting styles directly affect adolescents' physical and mental development. The family, akin to a small social unit, is the first environment for communication and the initial classroom for socialization. Within the family, various factors, such as parents' occupations, educational backgrounds, economic status, and family structure, play a significant role in shaping parenting styles. Therefore, parents should choose parenting methods based on adolescents' age and characteristics to foster a harmonious atmosphere that promotes adolescents' mental health development.

Relationships between perceived parenting styles and the self-regulated music practice of Chinese music majors

Parents influence their children’s music learning and practice. This study examines relationships between perceived parenting styles and the self-regulated music practice of Chinese university students majoring in music. A survey was administered to Chinese music majors ( N = 880) studying in mainland China. It examined relationships between the parenting styles participants perceived themselves to have experienced, authoritative and authoritarian, and the six dimensions of self-regulated music practice: motivation, method, behavior, social factors, physical environment, and time. The results suggest that both authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles are positively associated with most dimensions of self-regulated music practice, with authoritative parenting showing a more beneficial effect on learners’ self-regulated music practice. All paths from perceived parenting styles and self-regulated music practice were found to be structurally invariant across gender. The findings contribute to a better understanding of parental influence on the self-regulated practice of Chinese music majors. The limitations of the study and possible future research directions are discussed at the end of the article.

The impact of COVID-19 risk perception on college students’ subjective well-being as moderated by parenting style

Questionnaires completed by 589 college students were used to investigate the impact of the risk perception of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students’ subjective well-being. The goal was to explore the relationship between college students’ risk perception and subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to analyze the mediating role of emotional regulation and the moderating effect of parenting style. The results showed the following: First, significant negative correlations were found between risk perception and subjective well-being, as well as between the risk perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional regulation. Emotional regulation was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being. Second, emotional regulation played a mediating role between risk perception and subjective well-being. Third, a positive parenting style played a positive moderating role between risk perception and subjective well-being. We thus concluded that COVID-19 risk perception directly reduces subjective well-being and indirectly affects subjective well-being through emotional regulation. A positive parenting style reduces the negative impact of the risk perception of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective well-being. This study provides guidance on how to improve college students’ well-being during major public health events.