Parental Desire Research Articles

The history of rescue in Poland and genderperspective: new approaches and questions

This essay does not claim to be a gender and quantitative analysis of rescue. Its modest aim is todiscuss complexities and diffi culties of studying the subject of rescue of Jews in wartime Polandfrom a gender perspective. The initial analysis put forward here is intended to investigate to whatextent gender mattered in the treatment of the non-Jewish Polish rescuers by members of theirlocal communities during and after the war. The essay demonstrates how the use of the categoryof gender in the study of rescue of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland can facilitate an in-depth analysisof the nature of rescue of adult and young Jewish fugitives in everyday settings. Gender as a toolof analysis can also throw new light on dangers and betrayal of rescuers within the local socialenvironment. This essay also argues that gender should be explored in relation not only to objectivefactors such as the age, socio-economic background and religiosity of rescuers, but also in relationto more subjective factors such as internal dynamics in marriages and individual family practices,the individual system of beliefs, and parental and sexual desires of married, widowed and singlemale and female rescuers.

The experience of transfeminine adolescents and their parents regarding fertility preservation via testicular sperm extraction (TESE): a qualitative study.

How do transfeminine adolescents and their parents experience fertility preservation via testicular sperm extraction (TESE)? Participants experienced the TESE process positively when provided with appropriate guidance to navigate the decisional dilemma between preserving future biological parenthood and the pressure to start puberty suppression early. Sperm banking through ejaculation is not feasible for all transfeminine adolescents due to genital dysphoria and early puberty; for this group, TESE is the only alternative. However, during early puberty, they must postpone or pause puberty suppression until spermatogenesis is fully developed. All consecutive TESE patients in our centre and their parents were invited to participate. Between December 2022 and May 2023, we included 6 adolescents and 10 parents. We used a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews to study the experience of the transfeminine adolescents and their parents. Transfeminine adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria in early puberty (Tanner stage ≥2) who underwent TESE before the start of puberty suppression or gender-affirming hormones participated in this study. The interviews were recorded, manually transcribed and analysed using reflective thematic analysis focusing on understanding the participants' experiences of puberty and fertility preservation and the various factors and social processes influencing their decision to undergo TESE. Transfeminine adolescents decide to undergo invasive fertility preservation because of a possible, future desire for parenthood. Parents stressed the importance of preventing future decisional regret. They both saw masturbation to obtain a semen sample as unreachable. Even though TESE is a surgical procedure with possible complications and pain afterwards, this alternative seemed less dysphoric to them.Adolescents had to postpone the start of puberty suppression, waiting for spermatogenesis to complete. Given the unpredictable development of puberty, they felt a lot of stress and anxiety during this period and were primarily concerned about the lowering of their voice. Because of this puberty-related stress, they were constantly balancing their motivations for fertility preservation against the early start of puberty suppression to prevent unwanted irreversible pubertal body changes. To support this decisional dilemma, adolescents and their parents need adequate communication with each other and their healthcare providers to reflect on their stress for pubertal change. Furthermore, close, continuous surveillance of their current mental state by their parents, together with their psychologist and pubertal development by their physicians, is needed. Despite the challenging decision and postponement of puberty suppression, they retrospectively experienced it positively without any regret. All adolescents successfully underwent TESE, with viable spermatozoa obtained and without complications. This may result in a more positive reflective experience regarding fertility preservation. Furthermore, the perspectives of adolescents with the intention of TESE but who already started with puberty suppression before the preservation were not included. This study helps healthcare providers improve their counselling and guidance of transfeminine adolescents who consider postponing puberty suppression for fertility preservation via TESE. The adolescents and their parents know more clearly what to expect during fertility preservation. Specific peer-support programs may facilitate the decision process for upcoming adolescents. No external funding was used for this study. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest. Not applicable.

Perspectives on conducting "sex-normalising" intersex surgeries conducted in infancy: A systematic review.

Children with intersex variations continue to be subject to elective, irreversible, "sex-normalising" surgical interventions, despite multiple human rights and legislative bodies calling for their prohibition. Our systematic review aims to understand how medical literature reports rationales for "sex-normalising" surgical interventions conducted in childhood, and how they are contextualised within the medical and social controversy surrounding such interventions. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for English language, peer-reviewed articles reporting primary data on elective, genital, "sex-normalising" surgical interventions conducted on individuals <10 years, published 01/07/2006-30/06/2023 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023460871). Data on outcomes reported, rationale for the conduct and timing of interventions and acknowledgement of controversy were extracted. Narrative synthesis described rationales and controversy. Risk of bias was assessed using Johanna Briggs Institute Tools. 11,042 records were retrieved, with 71 articles included for analysis. One of the most common outcomes collected in included literature were cosmetic outcomes, primarily reported by surgeons or parents. 62.0% of studies reported no rationale for intervention timing, 39.4% reported no rationale for conduct and 52.1% acknowledged no controversy in intervention conduct. Rationales included parental desire for intervention, anatomical/functional/cosmetic reasons, and a perceived goal of aligning with sex assigned by surgical teams or parents. Controversies addressed included concerns about the quality of interventions, the ethics of intervention conduct and gendered and social considerations. "Sex-normalising" interventions are conducted based largely on rationales that were not adequately supported by evidence, a desire from parents and surgeons to match genital cosmesis typically ascribed to male and female bodies, and a parental desire for intervention conduct. Legislating and medical regulatory bodies should advocate for ending the conduct of irreversible, elective, "sex-normalising" interventions conducted without the full, free and informed consent of the person concerned, to promote and protect the highest attainable standard of health for people with intersex variations.

Роль родителей и педагогов в формировании профессиональной ориентации учащихся на педагогические профессии

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The research is aimed at studying the role of parents and teachers in the formation of students&amp;rsquo; career guidance for teaching professions. An empirical study was conducted with students of psychological and pedagogical classes (n = 45), their parents (n = 55) and teachers (n = 37). As a result, it was revealed: students as a whole are not focused on obtaining the teaching profession, they got into the profile class because of the desire of parents and the predominance of humanitarian subjects; parents, despite their interest, are directive in the professional choice of children; teachers demonstrate a greater focus on communication, which does not fully contribute to the formation of students&amp;rsquo; orientation towards the teaching profession. The formative experiment is aimed at developing students&amp;rsquo; awareness in choosing a profession and developing constructive support for children by teachers and parents through a correctional and developmental program. At the end of the study, students&amp;rsquo; interest in the teaching profession increased, parents&amp;rsquo; indicators of scales related to hyperprotection decreased, teachers&amp;rsquo; focus on the subject came out on top.&lt;/p&gt;

PENERAPAN SISTEM KREDIT SEMESTER MERDEKA BELAJAR DI SMA NEGERI 1 GRESIK

The purpose of writing this thesis is to determine the implementation of the Semester Credit System (SKS) at SMAN 1 Gresik. Curriculum changes from timeto time SMA Negeri 1 Gresik has become a reference school for other schools. Since the launch of Mover Schools by implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka (KUMER), it has become a challenge for school principals. As a school driving community pressure, it is inevitable to implement SKS. This is driven by the desire of the student's parents to graduate within 2 academic years. This research uses data collection techniques, triangulation method, data sources (triangulation data), researchers (triangulation investigator), as well as perspectives and theories). The results of the research showed that there were no technical guidelines for SKS in Mover Schools, so the school formed a school development team, carried out curriculum inovation and conveyed aspirations during the PMO (Project Management Office) assisting Mover Schools. SMAN 1 Gresik was the first to implement the SKS program with an independent curriculum.

P-147 Number of autologous mature oocytes as a predictor of live birth rate in women aged over 40 who do not accept egg donation

Abstract Study question Is the number of mature oocytes (M2) retrieved a reliable predictor of success for women aged over 40 with autologous oocytes? Summary answer 79.5% of live births were achieved in patients with ≥3M2 retrieved, 14.3% in women with 2M2, and 6.5% in women with 1M2. What is known already The delayed desire for parenthood has become a social phenomenon, particularly among women over 35. Reproductive outcomes in women over 40, using their own oocytes, are usually poor due to a decrease in follicle and oocyte quantity and quality, along with an increased prevalence of oocyte chromosomal abnormalities. While using donated oocytes is often recommended, it remains an unacceptable option for many couples. Furthermore, in Argentina the legislation on Assisted Reproduction Technologies endorses assisted reproductive treatments employing womeńs own oocytes up to the age of forty-four. Study design, size, duration This retrospective observational study, was performed between January 2004 and December 2022 in 5757 patients aged 40 and above undergoing autologous oocyte retrieval and fresh embryo transfer because they do not accept PGTa. Statistical analysis was performed using the InStat GraphPad statistical package. One-way ANOVA and two-tailed Student’s t-test were performed as required. Participants/materials, setting, methods Group1(G1): 40 years (N = 1600); Group 2(G2): 41years (N = 1300); Group 3(G3): 42 years (N = 1087); Group 4(G4): 43 years (N = 735); Group 5(G5): 44 years (N = 496); Group 6(G6): 45 years (N = 302); Group 7(G7): 46 years (N = 140); Group 8(G8): 47 years (N = 61); Group 9(G9): 48 years (N = 23); Group 10(G10): 49 years (N = 13). Primary outcome was relationship between number of M2 and live birth rate. Secondary outcomes were live birth rate, cancellation rate, miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate. Main results and the role of chance Number of M2 retrieved: G1=3.9±3.4 [1-16]; G2=3.6±2.7 [1-14]; G3= 3.5±2.3 [1-12]; G4= 3.4±2.8 [1-14], G5=2.5±1.5 [1-7]; G6=2.3±2.2 [1-12]; G7=1.8±1.5 [1-8]; G8=1.5±0.9 [1-3]; G9=1.3±0.6 [1-3]; G10=1.0±0 [1-1]. Cancelation rate (%): G1=18.2 (292/1600); G2=20.9(272/1300), G3=22.3(243/1087); Gr4= 29.9(220/735); G5=28.0(139/496); G6=38.1 (115/302); G7= 42.8(60/140); G8= 44.3 (27/61); G9=47.8 (11/23); G10= 61.5 (8/13). Clinical pregnancy/transfer rate(%): G1=24.2 (316/1308); G2=21.7 (223/1028); G3=18.0(152/844); G4=18.0 (93/515); G5=9.2 (33/357); G6=11.2 (21/187); G7=3.7 (3/80); G8=0 (0/34); G9=8.3 (1/12); G10=0 (0/5). Live birth rate (%): G1= 11.8 (147/1250); G2= 10.0 (99/993); G3= 6.8 (57/831); G4= 6.6 (34/515); G5= 3.2 (11/348); G6= 2.1 (4/187); G7= 1.2 (1/80); G8= 0 (0/34); G9=0 (0/12); G10=0 (0/5). Miscarriage rate (%) 40 to 46 years: G1= 43.0 (111/258); G2= 47.3 (89/188); G3= 59.0 (82/139); G4= 63.4 (59/93); G5= 66.7 (22/33); G6= 80.9 (17/21); G7=66.7 (2/3) and 100 (1/1) for 48 years (G9). Cancellation rates increased with age. The number of M2 retrieved was significantly associated with clinical pregnancy, live birth and miscarriage rates. The average number of mature oocytes retrieved in cases resulting in live births was consistently higher across all age groups: G1=5.8±2.7 [1-16]***; G2= 4.8±3.5 [1-14]***; G3= 4.0±2.1 [1-9]***; G4= 5.7±2.7 [3-13]***; G5= 4.2±1.4 [2-7]***; G7= 6.0±1.4 [5-8]***; G8= 7.0±0 [7,7]*** (***= p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Limitations, reasons for caution This extensive retrospective study’s conclusions should be cautiously applied, limited to a specific group of elderly women unwilling to consider egg donation. 106 clinical pregnancies were not included because we did not have information on live births. Wider implications of the findings Identifying parameters associated with higher live birth rates in this population may aid in providing realistic expectations for achieving pregnancy with autologous oocytes. This information could guide medical advice and potentially suggest alternative options, such as egg donation or adoption. Trial registration number NOT APPLICABLE

The taboo of sexuality and the desire for parenthood of people with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities in France

How do the support staff and the families of the residents with intellectual disabilities of care facilities in France perceive the latter’s sexual life and desire for parenthood and how is this taken into account in their interactions? Life-history interviews conducted with seven family caregivers and four focus groups using Photolanguage® conducted with the support staff were analyzed using a thematic and a psychodynamic analysis. Both institutional rules and families’ concerns impact the sexual expression of the residents. Their sexual and intimate lives are primarily perceived as an ‘additional problem’. Fearing the reactions of the families, support staff tend to keep residents in the dark about reproductive and sexual health issues These findings reveal an urgent need to change the paradigm in these institutions: a vision of residents as fully-fledged adults who can make choices and who have the right to clear information in their sexual and intimate life.

Recognizing the Need for Customized Social Stories: A Parent's Perspective in the Pakistani Context

This study explores the importance of customized social stories in the context of Pakistan to improve the social skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Data was collected from 62 parents of diagnosed children with ASD across various cities using a quantitative descriptive approach and survey method. The research instrument demonstrated a reliability score of Cronbach's Alpha 949, and field experts verified its validity. Findings reveal a solid parental desire to develop culturally relevant social stories to aid in teaching and supporting their children. Parents emphasized the effectiveness of these stories in enhancing their children's social skills and daily functioning. The use of social stories intervention for improving social skills among children with autism spectrum disorder is minimal, according to research that reviewed recent literature on the topic. It is because the social stories currently available are mainly in a western context, which does not accurately reflect Pakistan's social context, necessitating the development of customized social stories specifically tailored to the needs of Pakistan's current autistic population for different difficult social situations. This study will offer a piloted mechanism to assess the written and visual content of a given customized social story in the Pakistani context and a tentative framework for creating and assessing customized social stories to ensure their appropriateness for Pakistan's environment and culture. The study concludes that there is a significant need to create and disseminate customized social stories within the Pakistani context, providing valuable resources for parents to train better and support their children with ASD at home and in various social situations.

Effects of Mebyakaonan Marriage Law in the Perspective of Balinese Customary Law: Study on Balinese Community, Rantau Jaya Village, Ilir District, Putra Rumbia, Central Lampung Regency

Marriage is the outward and inner bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife to continue their lineage. Marriage in Balinese customs is called pawiwahan. Pawiwahan is a sacred thing in the process of human life from the status of brahmacari to the time of grhasta. Mebyakaon marriage is marriage under the hand. The problem in this study is why mebyakaon marriage is taken by the parties to form a marriage and the legal consequences of mebyakaon marriage on their marital status in the community and the status of children born from this marriage in Rantau Jaya Ilir Village, Putra Rumbia District, Central Lampung Regency. This research is normative-empirical legal research with a descriptive research type. The problem approach used sociological juridical approach with data sources is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with literature studies and field studies are interviews with informants and respondents who carry out marriage mebyakaon. Data analysis is qualitative analysis. The results of research and discussion show that the reason for the marriage is caused by several factors, namely economic factors, educational factors, mutual demen, parental desire factors, and the factor of men who are still legally married to other women. The marital status of mebyakaon is not the same as traditional Balinese marriage in general, what distinguishes it from mebyakaon marriage is that it lies in a traditional procession that has not been carried out completely. Based on the decisions and decrees of Parisadha Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI), the validity of marriage is determined on condition that Tri Upasaksi. The legal position of mebyakaon marriage does not have a strong binding force so that this marriage may not have the same legal status as traditional Balinese married couples in general. Similarly, the legal consequences of marriage will be different. Couples who perform mebyakaon marriage may not enter the temple and participate in the massacre in the village because mebyakaon marriage is valid according to the parties only but, according to Balinese customary law this marriage is invalid and children born from mebyakaon marriage are extramarital children (anak astra) and marital property in mebyakaon marriage There is no legal certainty and there is no mixing of property between husband and wife.

Localising international schools in multilingual Switzerland: from parental strategies to institutional dual-language programmes

ABSTRACT This article aims to complexify the linguistic dimension of international schooling in light of the increasing diversification of the field but also as a result of the ‘banalisation’ of English and the growing ‘added’ value of multilingual competence in the knowledge economy. Drawing on data from focus groups with mobile families and institutional documents from an international school in Switzerland, we claim that the value of English-medium education to facilitate worldwide mobility is simultaneously conceived by parents as an obstacle for their children’s acquisition of certain linguistic capitals in the locality. This engenders constant family (re-)evaluations of school choice and the development of strategies for children to acquire locally-available linguistic competences. The Swiss context activates the multilingual imagination of global middle-class families who demand that the school help their children maximise their chances of local linguistic capitalisation. In our case study, the current educational shift responds to parental desires for elite multilingualism with French and materialises in an optional dual-language programme to attract an increasing number of Swiss and established transnational families in a competitive eduscape.

For an implication of the family in the clinic of “phonological disorders”

For an implication of the family in the clinic of “phonological disorders”

Parental Acceptance and Attitudes Towards Various Behavior Management techniques for Children During Dental Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the parental perceptions and attitudes towards different behavior management techniques commonly employed by dentists. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 134 parents accompanying their children (aged 5-10 years) for dental treatment. Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out using SPSS v21. RESULTS: Among the 134 parents, 41.7% were males and 58.3% were females. The mean age of the children included in the study was 6.67 (SD+ 0.92) of which 44.02% were males and 55.9% were females. In addressing non-cooperation during dental procedures 30.1% of the parents would opt to defer the treatment and 24.4% expressed a preference for the dentist to perform the procedure forcefully. A majority of 86.5% expressed the desire to accompany their child during the dental treatment.The most acceptable technique by the parents was Tell-Show-Do and live modeling followed by positive reinforcement while treatment under general anesthesia was the least acceptable. CONCLUSION: Parents prefer using less aggressive techniques like Tell-Show-Do, modeling and positive reinforcement for the management of their children and the majority want to accompany the child during the treatment. The parents' least accepted technique is treatment under general anesthesia. A thorough understanding of parental desires promotes a healthy dentist-parent relationship. KEYWORDS: Behavior therapy, Parental consent, Dentist-patient relationship, Pediatric Dentistry, Behavior management techniques

Quality Management of Islamic Homeschooling Services at Ahsani Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) Bandung City

This research aims to analyze the quality management of Islamic Homeschooling services at PKBM Ahsani, Bandung City. This type of research was descriptive qualitative. Data collection was conducted through interviews with PKBM leaders, teachers, and staff, direct observation of the learning process, and study of documents related to policies and curriculum. Qualitative data analysis through thematic analysis was conducted. This research found that first, PKBM Ahsani Bandung which provided Islamic Homeschooling services, needed to pay attention to the learning outcomes implemented, and paid attention to the quality of human resources, especially in terms of character and high creative ability. Service quality management was mandatory for PKBM considering the high desire of parents to obtain a good educational environment for their children. Second, The Blended Learning Learning Model was the choice of PKBM Ahsani in providing Islamic Homeschooling services because it was considered effective for the implementation of Islamic Homeschooling student equality education programs. Islamic Homeschooling could develop their own curriculum and had flexibility in Islamic Homeschooling time management so that the vision of Islamic Homeschooling could be achieved.

Predictors of expectant fathers' parental leave-taking intentions before birth: masculinity, fatherhood beliefs, and social support.

Despite continuing progress, men remain underrepresented in childcare, domestic labor, and other care work. Because parental leave is discussed as a gateway to increasing men's childcare engagement, we aimed to gain insights into predictors of men's parental leave-taking intentions during the transition to parenthood. Using outcomes on a continuum from behavioral preferences to more behavior-oriented measures, we examine how masculinity and fatherhood beliefs as well as social support become relevant during men's formation of their leave-taking intentions. Planned analyses of data collected from 143 expectant fathers in Belgium and Germany revealed that the support men perceive from their partners for taking leave predicts their parental leave-taking desire, intention, and planned length of leave. Moreover, men's conception of a prototypical man, especially in terms of agency, was linked to their desire to take leave. Against expectations, father role attitudes and workplace support did not emerge as relevant predictors of men's intended leave-taking. Results of exploratory analyses suggest that care engagement of peers, expected backlash, and self-efficacy beliefs additionally play a role in men's intended leave-taking. We discuss parental leave as a negotiation process within couples and review the role of men's normative environment for their intended leave-taking.

Experiences and perceptions of multidisciplinary paediatric teams of blended tube feeding in children.

Background: Blended tube feeding (BTF) is the administration of pureed whole foods via gastric feeding tubes. There is some evidence to suggest that BTF may have clinical and psychosocial benefits when compared to commercial formula, but further investigation of how BTF is understood and recommended by health professionals is needed. This study aims to investigate awareness and knowledge of BTF among multi-disciplinary paediatric staff in Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among paediatric staff in Children's Health Ireland (CHI). The 16-item anonymous online survey gathered information on awareness of BTF, willingness to recommend BTF, confidence in BTF knowledge, and self-assessed competence in managing BTF. Results: Of the 207 responses, doctors (n68), nurses (n66), and dietitians (n32) provided 80.3% of responses. Two-thirds (n136, 66%) of the total group were aware of BTF. Of these, 68.1% had cared for a child on BTF and 70% (n = 63/90) were willing to recommend BTF. Three in five (n = 39/63, 61.9%) stated they were somewhat confident in their BTF knowledge and one in five (n = 12/56, 21.4%) were not yet competent in managing children on BTF. The most common reasons for recommending BTF were parental desire (n17, 39.5%) and commercial formula intolerance (n15, 34.9%). The most common barrier to recommending BTF was family logistics (n18, 41.9%). The most valuable sources of information on BTF for two-thirds (68.3%) of participants were other healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients/caregivers. Conclusion: Healthcare settings should provide evidence-based training to HCPs on BTF to optimise the treatment and safety of children under their care.

Should non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) be used for fetal sex determination? Perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals.

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can not only accurately detect early in pregnancy the presence of chromosomal abnormalities but also fetal sex. However, whether fetal sex should be reported after performing NIPT is ethically contentious. In Belgium, NIPT is practically fully reimbursed and offered to all pregnant women as a first-tier screening. In practice, fetal sex is reported upon request of the expectant parents; however, this is not stipulated in guidelines. As more countries are offering NIPT and looking to implement it in public healthcare, challenges and insights of healthcare professionals working in Belgium can be of value for others. We assessed healthcare professionals' experiences with and perspectives on sex determination and reporting following NIPT in Belgium by conducting a semi-structured interview study. We interviewed 30 professionals involved in prenatal screening. While overall healthcare professionals did not consider reporting fetal sex to be an issue if the expectant parents want to know, some consider the reporting of a non-medical trait like fetal sex problematic when it is reimbursed or if it could lead to sex-selective termination of pregnancy. Moreover, the strong desire of expectant parents to know fetal sex risks compromising informed decision-making about NIPT. In this way, fetal sex may distract from the primary aim of NIPT as a test for medical conditions. Improving pre-test counseling both in terms of quality and availability may help overcome some of these issues.

Balancing career goals and parenthood desires: results from a survey of undergraduate pre-health students at a hispanic-serving institution in Texas

Objective To examine family planning and fertility experiences and views, as well as desired parenthood timing and career plans, of diverse undergraduate pre-health students. Participants 266 pre-health undergraduate students attending a Hispanic-Serving Institution in South Texas. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey with a purposive sample of undergraduate students and analyzed data descriptively. Results Most students desired children in the future but were concerned about planning the timing of parenthood against their career training. The results highlight the need to improve both family planning and fertility knowledge, based on a high unmet need for contraceptives, low perceived knowledge about fertility/infertility treatment, and a desire to learn more about planning the timing of their career training alongside parenthood. Conclusions This study highlights potential gaps in reproductive health information and services among diverse, health-focused students needed to inform choices about the timing of their families and career training.

Вхождение в мир технологически: раннее знакомство

Technology is changing the world and becoming the world itself. The technical work as a world becomes a scheme that accommodates people and things in a seamless manner as they work together in an unforced manner. In generic terms, the relation of works and worlds, and the corresponding experience of a technical world is established with reference to Ludwig Wittgenstein. The practical and metaphorical example is the incubator for premature babies, which creates a safe atmosphere for the life of the newborn. The incubator represents a technically created world that becomes a protective «shell». The early adoption of digital technologies by children is also partly due to the desire of parents for safety and quiet. The success of early introduction to mobile devices relies greatly on new technological devices with touchscreens and visual interfaces. In the digital world, small children have much more power, agency, autonomy, the ability to change the environment, and at the same time have fun. Modern children enter the digital world at almost the same time as the physical world. They cannot distinguish digital and the physical worlds according to a criterion of reality. The convenient world of technology built by adults becomes a shell or even a trap for children that is perceived by them as a natural and necessary part of the world. Children perception becomes magical: they are affected by magic seduction of the touchscreen, which recomposes a reality that is interrupted, suspended, and returns it as modified, technicized.

Peculiarities of educational work in the territorial community regarding the provision of speech therapy services

The proposed article highlights the peculiarities of educational work in the territorial community regarding the provision of speech therapy services. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the historical development, peculiarities and formation of the provision of speech therapy services and speech therapy as a science as a whole are studied. It was determined that the speech therapist can carry out corrective, diagnostic, preventive and educational work, but a special emphasis in this process is determined on the importance of the speech therapist's work in the territorial community regarding educational activities, cooperation with parents and raising the level of their pedagogical culture. In order to study the awareness of residents of territorial communities (adults who have children), a survey was conducted regarding the provision of speech therapy services. The obtained results of the study proved that many parents have a certain understanding of the peculiarities of the child's speech development. Most of the answers indicate that parents understand when the child should begin to express the first phrases and communicate. A general trend is the desire of parents to be educated and informed about the speech development of their children. It is important to support this motivation of parents and ensure their access to reliable and trustworthy information resources. Informed parents can be more successful in addressing the issues of their children's speech development and contribute to their success in this area. Prevention of speech disorders in children is important to ensure their successful development, so parents should have such information. Improving a child's speech is an extremely important process and plays a key role in communication, expression of thoughts, development of thinking and social skills. The study emphasized the importance of informational work with parents aimed at spreading knowledge about the role of a speech therapist and the availability of speech therapy services for children in the community.

Support for families with a mentally ill parent : Which forms of help do mentally ill parents utilize and which would they like to have?

In Germany different offers of social support are available for families that are provided by different sectors, e.g., the youth welfare and the healthcare systems. Documentation of the utilized help, child-related factors that are associated with the utilization and the parental desires for support. Survey of 160 parents undergoing (partial) inpatient treatment in psychiatric hospitals via an oral interview using standardized and semi-standardized instruments. The results show that nonprofessional help by family and friends as well as support offers provided by the healthcare system are used most frequently. Families that perceived their children as more burdened receive more help than families with children judged as being less burdened. There are regional differences especially in the utilization of high-threshold help by the healthcare system. Support offers seem to reach families with mental illnesses, especially those that are particularly burdened; however, there are regional differences regarding the utilization of support as well as the wishes for specific support offers.