Parental Status Research Articles

Parental separation penalties among university students in Italy

AbstractThis paper addresses the long-standing question of whether parental separation shapes offspring school performance drawing on retrospective data from a group of university students in Italy, a country that has historically had very low separation rates yet has experienced an important rise in family dissolution over the last two decades. Using survey data from 1st-year enrollees in undergraduate courses in Economics and Statistics at two points in time (2000 and 2017), we explore whether the association between parental separation and children’s school performance (i) is observed both at the level of middle school (MS) and high school (HS); (ii) varies according to the age at which students experienced separation, and (iii) varies by parental socio-economic status (SES). Our results suggest that students whose parents separated before MS completion score on average 2 points less on the end-of-middle-school exam relative to students whose parents did not separate or separated after MS completion. Similarly, students whose parents separated before HS completion score 1 point less on the end-of-high-school exam relative to their counterpart. As such, we document a parental separation penalty both at the level of MS and HS, yet lower by half when separation occurs later in students’ life course. Moreover, for HS grade parental separation is associated with more negative consequences when students experience it at very young ages (0–5), while for MS grade heterogeneity by age is less clear-cut. Such penalties are concentrated among children of low-educated mothers, particularly for HS, providing support to the “compensatory advantage” hypothesis predicting smaller penalties for children of high-SES parents. Overall, findings from this study corroborate existing evidence suggesting that the consequences of parental separation vary depending on a combination of social background and the “selectivity” of the educational outcome considered.

Early‐life disadvantage and parent‐to‐child financial transfers

AbstractObjectiveTo determine (1) how parental childhood disadvantage is associated with parent‐to‐child financial transfers for schooling and other unspecified purposes and (2) whether the association holds when parental socioeconomic status (years of education, family income, wealth) is considered.BackgroundCumulative inequality theory posits that early life disadvantage may not only adversely affect one's resource accumulation across the life course, but it may also shape one's ability to provide assistance to offspring.MethodData from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to estimate zero‐inflated negative binomial regression models to predict the amount of parent‐to‐child transfers (N = 2364 for school transfers, N = 3618 for other transfers), controlling for parents' and children's sociodemographic factors. Childhood disadvantage score (0 as reference, 1, 2, 3, 4+) was constructed using 13 items that reflect the economic, psychosocial, environmental, and health domains of early life. The associations of each domain with financial transfers were also estimated.ResultsParents with 4+ disadvantages gave about $2200 less for schooling. Economic and environmental disadvantage lessened levels of school transfers, while environmental disadvantage decreased the odds of being a non‐provider of other transfers. The disparity in transfer amounts generally narrowed when the mediating role of parental socioeconomic status was accounted for.ConclusionHigher education has become one of the major mechanisms through which class stratification, social inequality, and health disparities ensue. Educational outcomes among current cohorts of young adults could have been shaped by the preceding generation's childhood through intergenerational exchanges.

LGBTQ+ Families, Welfare, and Same-sex Marriage Legalisation in Taiwan: A Social Policy Perspective

This article examines whether and to what extent legalised same-sex marriage can assist lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) people to develop family life and protect them from defamilisation and familisation risks. It focuses on the provision of and gaps in welfare for LGBTQ+ people since Taiwan’s same-sex marriage legalisation in 2019. A content analysis of online community discussions since marriage equality shows that local LGBTQ+ community discussions were filled with concerns about the lack of familial status for cross-border couples, lack of legal parental status and rights for same-sex parents, and questions about heteronormative values and kinship ties. This article reveals how heteronormative assumptions embedded in the policy system and in the wider society adversely influence LGBTQ+ people’s welfare, and identifies supplementary and alternative measures. It highlights the importance of providing universal basic services free from heteronormative biases and prioritising the well-being and rights of all citizens.

Effects of parental socioeconomic status on offspring’s fetal neurodevelopment

Abstract Emerging evidence underscores the prenatal period's critical role in shaping later cognition and health, influenced by an intricate interplay of parental genetic and environmental factors. Birth weight is commonly used as a retrospective indicator of fetal development, but recent focus has shifted to more specific proxies of neurodevelopment, like cortical sulcal patterns, which are established in utero and remain stable after birth. This study aimed to elucidate the interrelated effects of parental socioeconomic status, brain volume, birth weight, and sulcal patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex. Utilizing structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), parental educational attainment, and related polygenic risk scores, the study analyzed 203 healthy right-handed participants aged 9 to 18. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex sulcal pattern is influenced by parental socioeconomic status and global brain volume, with socioeconomic status correlating with a polygenic risk score. These findings suggest that prenatal neurodevelopmental processes may mediate the intergenerational transmission of inequalities.

Unravelling motives and time use of additional leave in a flexible benefits plan: a mixed-methods case study in Belgium

Working-time reduction emerges as a promising measure for fostering a well-being economy, as it allows to reconsider time allocation between paid labour and other activities, potentially improving human and environmental well-being. This study investigates the motives for and planned time use of additional leave in the context of a flexible benefits plan, a specific form of working-time reduction that is increasingly popular among employees and employers. Despite its popularity, little is known about the rationale behind this choice and its potential to create socio-environmental benefits. Data were collected from a Belgian media company in 2022 using a mixed-methods approach, comprising a survey (N = 241) and semi-structured interviews (N = 13). The findings reveal that a mix of motives matters for choosing additional leave, including push, pull, personal and contextual factors, as well as the specifics of the flexible benefits plan. While the desire for more leisure emerges as a primary driver, difficulties in taking up the standard amount of leave present a key barrier. Employees plan to use their extra leave for diverse activities, mainly personal and social activities, household tasks, travel, and ad-hoc pursuits. However, preferences vary based on parental status, with couples having children primarily intending to use the leave for caregiving responsibilities. Notably, the primary activities for intended time use align with increased well-being and have relatively low environmental impacts, although positive effects may be partially offset for well-being (such as when paid work is replaced with unpaid care or household work) or for the environment (such as when spending the extra leave on environmentally intensive (travel) activities). These findings tentatively suggest that choosing additional leave in flexible benefits plans could contribute to a well-being economy.

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during pregnancy.

Approximately one-third of the global population uses complementary medicine, as yoga and meditation, not endorsed by evidence-based conventional medicine and, with more difficulties in case of pregnancy. Our study investigates the prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) usage in Novara (Italy) and its province through a survey to pregnant women at 36 gestational weeks. The sample consisted of 70 women, average age of 33 years, most Caucasian, highly educated, mostly employed, under private gynecological care, with a prevalence of CAM use of 24.3 % [95 % CI 14.83; 36.01]. Six women (35.3 %) did not inform their healthcare provider of using these medicines, 15 women (88.2 %) express willingness to use complementary medicine in their next pregnancy, while 2 (11.8 %) are uncertain. The study found a significant association between higher education and CAM usage among pregnant women. Other factors, including nationality, occupation, choice of private practice, parity, physical activity, diet, smoking, pregnancy complications, and vaccination status, did not show significant relationships with CAM usage. Our objective is to delineate the characteristics of CAM users, explore the methodologies and motivations of their usage, and ascertain any correlations with the rejection of conventional vaccination practices. The analyzed population consists of 70 women aged 32.9 years in mean, mostly Caucasian, with a high level of education. Most women are under private gynecological care (84.3 %), half of the participants are experiencing their first pregnancy. Physical activity levels vary, with 34.3 % reporting high activity levels. Regarding diet, 77.1 % consider their eating habits moderately healthy, with a notable portion of smokers women (24.3 %); 20.0 % have experienced pregnancy complications. 17 participants utilized non-conventional or alternative medicine, with a prevalence of 24.3 [95 % CI 14.83; 36.01]. Six women (35.3 %) did not inform their healthcare provider about using CAM. Seven women (46.7 %) claim significant beneficial effects in most cases, while 8 (53.3 %) state this occasionally. Based on their experiences, 15 women (88.2 %) express willingness to use complementary alternative medicine in their subsequent pregnancy, while 2 (11.8 %) are uncertain. Only one person (11.1 %) used this type of therapy as a substitute for conventional treatment, but they informed their attending physician. The study seeks to enhance our understanding of CAM utilization in pregnancy, informing more comprehensive and evidence-based healthcare practices for expectant mothers.

Impacts of Extended Unemployment on Life Satisfaction of Young Adults Through Social Exclusion and Loneliness: Moderating Roles of Parental Socioeconomic Status

Impacts of Extended Unemployment on Life Satisfaction of Young Adults Through Social Exclusion and Loneliness: Moderating Roles of Parental Socioeconomic Status

Impact of Home Environment on Academic Achievement of Class 9th Students

The home environment plays a crucial role in a child's development, acting as a foundational social unit that provides emotional and social support. Research indicates that home factors, including parental education, socioeconomic status (SES), and language development opportunities, significantly influence children's academic achievement. A 1978 study by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) highlighted that home variables, alongside children's intelligence, contribute to academic differences. Further studies reveal the importance of parental involvement and nurturing behaviors, like providing learning materials and a supportive atmosphere. This positive home environment fosters intellectual, social, and emotional development, influencing children's psychological competence, problem-solving abilities, and overall academic performance.

Changes in 24-h Movement Behaviors During Relationship and Parenthood Transitions: A Compositional Data Analysis.

There is scarcity of studies using device-based measures to examine how relationship and parenthood transitions modify 24-h movement behaviors. This study examined how the composition of 24-h movement behaviors changes during these life transitions. Young adults (n = 170, mean age 25.6 years, SD 0.6) from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) wore wrist-worn accelerometers for 1 week and completed questionnaire at ages 26 and 31 years. Participants were categorized by relationship status into single (16%), those transitioning from single to partnered (31%), partnered (47%), and separated (7%), and by parenthood status into non-parents (73%), new parents (19%), and parents (8%). Changes in daily movement behaviors, including sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), were examined using compositional linear mixed models. In general, LPA and MVPA decreased relative to sleep and SED (p = 0.007). Differences emerged between LPA and MVPA in relationship and parenthood groups (p for group × time interaction 0.008 and 0.001). Those transitioning to partnership decreased MVPA by 17 min/day, while partnered and separated individuals showed no notable MVPA change but decreased LPA by 14 and 43 min/day. Single individuals and non-parents decreased LPA and MVPA in similar proportions. New parents decreased MVPA by 20 min/day, while parents increased it by 19 min/day. Becoming first-time parent and starting relationship was associated with decline of MVPA. Our results suggest the importance of considering these life transitions and providing guidance for maintaining physical activity despite changes in life situations.

Single Parental Status: Effects on Learners’ Emotional Behaviour in Public Primary Schools in Kanduyi Sub County, Kenya

The family is the stimulus behind the growth and development of an individual. Children emerge from different parental status, this include intact and single parental status. However in schools, learners from single parenthood display different emotional behaviour compared to those from intact parenthood. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of single parental status on learners’ emotional behaviour. The study was guided by family systems theory and adopted comparative research design. The study targeted a total of 458 participants, including 440 standard eight learners (212 boys and 228 girls), 9 class teachers, and 9 guidance and counseling teachers from 9 public primary schools in Kanduyi Sub County, Bungoma County. The standard eight learners were selected due to their unique experiences and maturation, as well as their physical, mental, and emotional development, which enabled them to express themselves in a manner that was comparable to that of their peers in other classes. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain participants according to their gender; simple random sampling was used to give equal chance to all learners to participate in the study. Purposive sampling was employed to select class teachers and Guidance and Counselling teachers as key informants on matters concerning learners. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The study utilised content validity while reliability of the instruments was established by cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.697. Simple linear regression was used to analyse data. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of single parenting on learners emotional behaviour F (1,198=4.731, p<0.05. The findings revealed that single parenting negatively affected learner emotional behaviour since the p-value<0.05 hence the null hypothesis rejected. The study recommended for effective guidance and counselling services for learners from single parental status to help them improve on their emotional behaviour such as low self-esteem, aggression and anxiety while in school.

The gendered effects of parenthood on career outcomes: Do family gaps explain gender differences along the science pipeline?

This study, based on data from 2225 faculty members at a Portuguese research-intensive university, investigates the combined impact of gender and parental status on academic rank and salary. Parenthood significantly influences women's concentration at lower tenure-track ranks, leading to wage gaps that disadvantage mothers. However, the impact of family status on women's career progression shows that while having young children initially hinders their transition to the tenure track, it does not significantly reduce their chances of earning tenure or reaching higher academic ranks. Lower wages for mothers result from slower academic grade advancement, not within-rank disparities, which poses barriers to progression. The study illuminates the interplay of gender and parenthood, shifting the focus from individual factors to gendered institutional processes shaping career trajectories, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the persistent gender gap in academia.

Two 33-Year-Old Women: Minka Stoeva and Kim Jiyoung Across Space and Time

Abstract: Comparative analysis is conducted between the Bulgarian film “A 33-Year-Old Woman” (1982) and the Korean film “Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982” (2019), as well as the Korean novel (2016) on which it was based. The focus is on the parallels and the differences between the artistic realizations of the protagonists which share the same age, the same gender, the same parent status (mothers of daughters). I explore how images were constructed which claim common validity for certain social and historical conditions. The aim is to identify the common and the specific phenomena and processes depicted in two different and distant cul¬tures in two different historical periods in two completely different socio¬po¬litical systems (Bulgaria in 1981/1982 and South Korea in 2015/2016) through works of narrative art that have provoked exceptionally broad social response and debate. Intercultural issues are seen through the prism of feminist discourse in two dif¬ferent periods. The tumultuous public reactions to the three works of art prove their artistic relevance and their high historical value as documents of their own time. Keywords: comparative analysis, contemporary Korean literature, Bulgarian cine¬ma, Korean cine

Nursing Home Staff with Children: Unique Needs Among Single and Partnered Parents.

Nursing home (NH) staff job dissatisfaction and turnover are associated with lower care quality. However, little is known about the impact of being single on workplace experiences. Guided by the Job Demands-Control-Support Model, we compared job satisfaction, turnover intention, and psychological distress for single and partnered parents working in NHs. Employee and manager data from the 2011-12 wave of the Work Family Health Network study were combined (N=1,144) to define parents with complete data (N=586). Bivariate tests and multivariate regressions clustering observations within NHs were used. Most single parents (n=190, 32%) were nursing assistants (NAs) (n=142, 74.74%) or licensed practical nurses (LPNs) (n=29, 15.26%). Compared to partnered parents, single parents were similar on turnover intention and job satisfaction, but they were more likely to report distress (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.09, 2.94) observed only among NAs (OR=2.08, 95% CI 1.12, 3.85). Psychological distress was associated with greater turnover intent (β =0.02, p<.05) among NAs and LPNs, yet only among single parents (β =0.04, p<.01). Distress was more likely with higher family-to-work conflict (OR= 1.67, 95% CI 1.18, 2.36) and work-to-family conflict (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.20, 2.14) among licensed nurses, yet the distress-work-family conflict associations were only significant for partnered parent nurses. Supporting NH staff depends upon knowing their parental, relationship, and occupational status. Additional research is needed to understand and develop strategies to mitigate psychological distress and increase resources particularly among NA single parents employed in NHs.

Social-Economic Factors and Secondary School Dropout among Girls in Mariani Ward, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

This study investigated the high dropout rates among girls in secondary schools in Mariani Ward, a critical issue observed in many developing regions. The specific objectives of the study were to assess how household income, parental education, and family structure influence girls’ dropout rates. The study was grounded in the Relative Deprivation theory and utilized a descriptive survey design, involving a sample of 385 respondents selected from a larger population of 10,202 through cluster sampling method to ensure representation of various groups within the population. Within the target population, five clusters or sub-locations were identified based on their diverse characteristics. The sample included female dropouts as well as key informants such as head teachers, household heads, and local leaders. Data collection was achieved through questionnaires and interviews, and quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The study employed inferential statistical methods, including correlation analysis, chi-square tests, and binomial logistic regression, to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on dropout rates. The results revealed significant positive correlations between dropout rates and household income (0.684), parental education status (0.547), and family structure (0.761). Binomial logistic regression analysis further confirmed the substantial influence of these factors on dropout rates. In addition to these factors, the study also indicated the presence of other unidentified variables affecting dropout rates. This highlights the necessity for further research to explore these additional influences. Based on these findings, the study recommends implementing targeted interventions to address the identified socio-economic challenges. These recommendations include developing financial support programs for low-income families, enhancing parental education and involvement, and fostering supportive family environments. Such measures are essential for reducing dropout rates and promoting sustained educational participation among girls in Mariani Ward. The study provides actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders to effectively improve girls' access to education and support their academic persistence.

Key Determinants of Family-Centered Care for Children with Leukemia

This study examines the relationship between health status, parental knowledge, and parental attitudes with the application of family-centered care (FCC) for children with leukemia at Abdul Moelok Regional Hospital, Lampung Province. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, 92 respondents were selected from a population of 1,200 leukemia patients treated between 2021 and 2022. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire that measured parental knowledge, attitudes, and health status, with analysis conducted using the gamma correlation test. The results indicate significant relationships between health status, parental knowledge, and parental attitudes with the implementation of FCC. Factors such as age, education, income, caregiving duration, and disease length influenced the health status and FCC application. The study also reveals that caregivers face challenges in providing care, particularly due to financial burdens and physical strain, impacting their quality of life. Additionally, cultural factors affect how parents communicate the diagnosis to children, with some families delaying disclosure based on cultural norms.

Parenting styles as predictors to female students’ sexual promiscuity in tertiary institution in delta state

This study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and female students’ sexual promiscuity in tertiary institutions in Delta State. The study was led by two research questions and two hypotheses. The study used an ex-post facto research design with a correlational technique. The population comprised all female students of tertiary institutions in Delta Central Senatorial District with a total sample of 1,566 students. Questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. The questionnaire was validated by experts’ judgement and factor analysis, with a sound psychometric property indicating that the instrument is valid and reliable. The data obtained were analysed with the aid of regression statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and sexual promiscuity and that the relationship can be moderated by socio-economic status of parents. The study recommended amongst others that Parents should improve on their relationship with their adolescents and choose the right parenting style that will help the adolescents to abstain from risky sexual behaviour.

Heterogeneity in health and lifestyle among preschool children with migrant background in Sweden

Abstract Background Parental country of birth and socioeconomic status affect children’s health, lifestyle, and access to care. But inequality patterns may vary depending on the outcome and indicator being studied. While prior studies have focused on single health outcomes, this study assessed the relationship between parental migrant status and a range of health and lifestyle indicators among 3-year-old children. Methods Using an outcome-wide approach, we analyzed data from cross-sectional population-based surveys of 3-year-old (2014-2018) in Northern Sweden, which included 9,099 children aged 33-42 months. The surveys were administered to parents. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to examine the association between parents’ place of birth and outcome indicators. Additionally, we controlled for parents’ income and education using multiple regression models. Results Children with at least one migrant parent were perceived by their parents to have poorer health (OR:1.5, CI:1.01-2.36) and more socio-emotional problems (OR: 2.8, CI: 2.20-3.59) compared to those with two Swedish parents. While there were no significant differences in estimated BMI, lifestyle indicators showed that these children consumed more sweets (OR:4.5, CI: 3.02-6.58), less milk (OR: 1.3, CI: 1.09-1.55), fewer vegetables (OR:1.6; CI: 1.22-2.05) and brushed their teeth less frequently (OR: 2.8, CI: 2.17-3.53). However, they spent more time playing outdoors on weekdays (OR:1.6, CI:1.22-2.00) and weekends (OR: 1.5, CI: 1.18-1.94), but screen time remained consistent between weekdays and weekends. Conclusions Parental migrant status has varying impacts on children’s health and lifestyle, with some indicators showing worse outcomes for children with migrant parents compared to those with Swedish parents, while others do not. An outcome-wide approach is crucial for targeted actions to strengthen protective factors and mitigate risk factors, and ultimately reduce inequalities in early childhood. Key messages • The link between parental migrant status and children’s well-being is complex. Not all indicators show worse outcomes, inequality patterns vary based on the specific outcome and indicator measured. • An outcome-wide approach is crucial to identify action areas for targeted interventions to reinforce protective factors and mitigate risk factors, and ultimately reduce inequalities during childhood.

Female Reproductive System and Thyroid Dysfunction: Findings from a 12-Year Follow-Up in the Tehran Thyroid Study.

Background: The impact of thyroid dysfunction (TD) on the female reproductive system has been extensively documented. While there is evidence suggesting that alteration in female reproductive status may affect thyroid function, conflicting results have prevented definitive conclusions. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parity, spontaneous abortion (mentioned as abortion throughout this study), and menopause status with the prevalence and incidence of TD. Methods: From the Tehran thyroid study population, 2711 participants were included in the cross-sectional analysis to explore associations between female reproductive status and TD. Overall, 2191 participants with euthyroid were included in the survival study and followed up in 3-year intervals. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted in cross-sectional analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine associations between the incidence of TD with parity, abortion, and menopause status, adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity. Results: At the baseline, multiple parities (≥4) were significantly associated with overt hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.26) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (OR = 1.11 [CI 1.03-1.21]). Furthermore, multiple abortions were associated with overt hyperthyroidism (OR = 2.09 [CI 1.02-4.26]). Over the course of the study, multiple parities were significantly associated with the incident subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism. Conversely, a history of abortion was associated with a reduced risk of incident overt hypothyroidism. We found no significant association between menopause status and the prevalence or incidence of either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the female reproductive system may be associated with thyroid function. Parity and abortion are associated with the occurrence of TD. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the cellular and molecular alterations in signaling cascades during pregnancy is necessary to fully elucidate these associations.

Intergenerational Transmission of Overweight and Obesity among Preschool Children in Sweden

Abstract Background Child overweight including obesity (OWOB) has quadrupled globally, since 1975. It affects a third of European children and even higher rates persist among expectant parents. Parental pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and health behaviours are known to influence offspring health. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the link between parental and children’s OWOB, alongside parental socio-economic and other factors. Methods This is a population-based repeated cross-sectional study utilized data from the Salut Programme in Västerbotten, Sweden, and Swedish national registers, including 5,937 of 3-year-olds and their parents. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of child BMI with prenatal BMI and other factors. Further, the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) arising from the interplay between parent’s OWOB status in relation to their children’s OWOB was calculated. Results OWOB prevalence rates for 3-year-olds, expectant mothers, and their partners were 15.1%, 29.1%, and 53.5%, respectively. Both parent’s OWOB significantly affected children’s BMI (with strongest association for mothers). The Relative Excess Risk due to interaction (RERI) was positive for children’s OWOB if both parents were obese, showing an additive interaction effect of individual parental obesity status. The odds for a child to be OWOB was 2.88 (1.83-4.43) if both parents were obese compared to if none of them were obese. Conclusions OWOB among preschool children remain an important public health concern in Sweden. Based on the study findings, Sweden’s regional and national public health initiatives should prioritize targeting parental overweight and obesity as a key strategy to reduce the burden of OWOB among children. Furthermore, the resemblance of these results with comparable studies across the world, emphasizing the importance of initiating interventions with parents before pregnancy or even earlier. Key messages • Parental combined obesity status significantly increase the odds of childhood overweight and obesity. • The importance of initiating interventions with parents before pregnancy for better health outcomes related to child BMI.

Adolescents witnessing family violence and its association with socio-economic factors

Abstract Background About 200 000 children in Sweden live in families where violence among adults occurs. About 10% of children have witnessed violence family violence Family violence is often more prevalent in low social status families. The present study describes adolescents that have witnessed threats of violence, abusive words or physical/sexual violence in their families, as well as the association between these types of violence and socio-economic factors. Methods Data from a school-based survey, in the County of Sörmland (2023), including 15-18-years-old students in 2023 were used. Witnessing family violence was measured by the following item “Have you experienced that an adult in your family has... 1) threatened to use violence against someone else in your family? 2) used abusive words, oppression, or been dominant or controlling against someone else in your family? 3) used physical violence against someone else in your family, such as hitting, pushing, kicking, or sexual violence”. Parental work status, the child’s living conditions and economic stress were used as socio-economic factors. Data were analysed by descriptive methods and logistic regressions. Results This study included 3 407 adolescents among which 19% had witnessed any type of family violence. The most prevalent type was witnessing abusive words, (17%), followed by physical/sexual violence (10%) and threats to use violence (9%). Witnessing any type of family violence was associated with all socio-economic variables in univariate analyses, the strongest association was found for having economic stress (OR = 3.30; 95% CI 2.72-4.01), in comparison to not having economic stress. Further adjustments for gender, grade, ethnicity, parental work status and living with both parents attenuated the association, OR = 2.50 (95% CI 2.03-2.07). Conclusions Two of ten adolescents have witnessed any type of family violence. These adolescents often belonged to families with low socioeconomic status making them vulnerable. Key messages • In this school-based study, 19 % of adolescents had witnessed any type family violence. Having witnessed abusive words was the most prevalent type of family violence. • There is as strong association between witnessing family violence hand having economic stress among adolescents. These adolescents need to be noticed in their particularly vulnerable situation.