Parental Type Research Articles

Exploring the Influence of Parental Personality Types on Children’s Academic Choices

The academic decisions that children make are frequently influenced by several different circumstances. One of the most important yet understudied aspects of this is the influence of the personality types of their parents. The objective of this report is to understand how parental personalities may impact a child's inclination towards science or art subjects. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Test was used for parents to indicate the relationship between parental personality type and the academic choices made by their children, particularly in the field of science and art. The results indicated that children from the INTJ, INFJ, and ENFJ parents’ personality types, are likely to choose science subjects, while children from ENTJ parents’ personality types choose art subjects. This sheds light on the association between parental personality types and children's academic choices; aiding educators and policymakers better tailor educational approaches to accommodate diverse student needs and aspirations.

A Psychometric Evaluation of the Parenting Anxious Kids Rating Scale (PAKRS-PR) in a Sample of Families with Clinically Anxious Children.

The Parenting Anxious Kids Rating Scale-Parent Report (PAKRS-PR) measures five types of anxiogenic parenting. The present study aimed to extend the previous psychometric evaluation of the PAKRS-PR to a treatment-seeking sample and examine sensitivity to change over 15 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. The sample included 383 parent-child dyads presenting to treatment at a specialty outpatient clinic. Cronbach's α was acceptable for the PAKRS-PR Total scale and several subscales, although the Accommodation/Beliefs and Warmth/Support subscales were in the unacceptable/questionable range. Convergent validity was found to be mixed with the closest relationship between anxiety severity and the Accommodation/Beliefs, Warmth/Support, and Conflict PAKRS-PR subscales. Additionally, the PAKRS-PR Total score and subscales changed significantly throughout treatment, but were not associated with treatment response or child- or clinician-rated treatment outcome measures. Overall, the current findings demonstrate some support for the psychometric properties of the PAKRS-PR; however, further refinement of the PAKRS-PR at the item-level is recommended to further strengthen the measure.

Source apportionment and driving factor identification for typical watersheds soil heavy metals of Tibetan Plateau based on receptor models and geodetector

The identification and quantification of soil heavy metal (HM) pollution sources and the identification of driving factors is a prerequisite of soil pollution control. In this paper, the Sabaochaqu Basin of the Tuotuo River, located in the Tibetan Plateau and the headwater of the Yangtze River, was selected as the study area. The soil pollution was evaluated using geochemical baseline, and the source apportionment of soil HMs was performed using absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR), edge analysis (UNMIX) and positive matrix decomposition (PMF). The driver of the source factor was identified with the geodetector method (GDM). The results of pollution evaluation showed that the HM pollution of soil in the study area was relatively light. By comparison, UNMIX model was considered to be the preferred model for soil HMs quantitative distribution in this study area, followed by PMF model. The UNMIX model results show that source 1 (U-S1) was dominated by As, with a contribution rate of 53.31%; source 2 (U-S2) was dominated by Cd and Zn, whose contribution rates are 50.35% and 46.60% respectively; source 3 (U-S3) was dominated by Pb, with a contribution rate of 45.58%; source 4 (U-S4) was dominated by Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni, with contribution rates of 60.58%, 60.07%, 51.58% and 56.45%, respectively. The GDM results showed that the main driving factors of U-S1 were distance from lake (explanatory power q = 0.328) and distance from wind channel (q = 0.168), which were defined as long-distance migration sources. The main driving factors of U-S2 were parent material type (q = 0.269) and distance from Tuotuo river (q = 0.213), which were defined as freeze-thaw sources. The main driving factors of U-S3 were distance from town (q = 0.255) and distance from county road (Yanya Line) (q = 0.221), which were defined as human activity sources. The main drivers of U-S4 were V (q = 0.346) and Sc (q = 0.323), which were defined as natural sources. The GDM results of the 3 models were generally consistent with the analytical results of similar types of sources, especially the results of PMF model and Unmix model can basically verify each other. The research results can provide important theoretical reference for the analysis of HM sources in the soil of high-cold and high-altitude regions.

Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Kegiatan Bermain Anak Usia Dini di Rumah

Many parents work outside the home fora long duration of time, making parents less involved in childcare, especially in their play activities. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze parents' participation in children's play activities at home. The targets of this study were five households with children (5-6 years old). In Kalongan village, East Ungaran, there are working and unemployed parents. This research was designed using a descriptive qualitative method. Interview, observation, office research, documentary research and triangulation were used as data collection techniques. The results showed that parents who participated in play activities at home during childhood were mostly the same, i.e. working and unemployed parents with advanced education and moderate economic status. Then the type of parents with a weak economic background is also decreasing. On the other hand, the participation of other people in children's activities depends on the size of the family.

Latest Status of Egogram in University Students using Tokyo University Egogram (TEG)

The Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) has been recognized as a valuable psychological tool for transactional analysis (TA). TEG has been revised from version 2 to version 3, and the authors have investigated its use in research involving university students. The key findings were as follows: a high prevalence of AC-dominant (dependent) types, a high occurrence of CP-low (gentle) types, dominant child (C) types were more common than parent (P) types, and few cases of A-dominant types were observed, regardless of whether students were in the science and technology departments. The occurrence rate of composite types was low, while that of single ego factors was high. First-year students tended to exhibit low CP and high AC, indicating a need for lifestyle guidance.

Steatotic Liver Disease in Pediatric Obesity and Increased Risk for Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.

To assess 1) the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in pediatric obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes, 2) the joint effect of MASLD and intermediate hyperglycemia on type 2 diabetes risk, and 3) the effect of obesity treatment on type 2 diabetes risk. A cohort study using the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (Barnobesitas Registret i Sverige [BORIS]) (1999-2020) linked with national registers was conducted. We included 10,346 children with overweight or obesity and 59,336 matched control individuals. MASLD was defined by transaminases and diagnosis code, separately. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained from national registers. In the obesity cohort, median age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis was 16.9 (quartile 1 [Q1], quartile 3 [Q3]: 14.7, 21.4) years, median follow-up was 8.1 (Q1, Q3: 5.1, 11.7) years. Cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes at age 30 was 22.7% (obesity and MASLD), 9.9% (obesity alone), and 0.7% (control individuals). MASLD was associated with risk for type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.71 [95% CI 2.14-3.43]), independently of age, sex, degree of obesity, intermediate hyperglycemia, and parental type 2 diabetes. Joint effect of MASLD and intermediate hyperglycemia increased type 2 diabetes risk (HR 9.04 [6.38-12.79]). Optimal response in obesity treatment reduced the risk (HR 0.23 [0.09-0.57]). MASLD, defined by transaminases or diagnosis code, in pediatric obesity is associated with increased risk for youth-onset type 2 diabetes. MASLD interacts synergistically with intermediate hyperglycemia to dramatically increase the risk. Optimal response in obesity treatment reduces type 2 diabetes risk, despite MASLD.

ANALISIS PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR

The process of life begins with the family, and the process is different in every family. In general, a child's personality is a reflection of the family. Having a good personality requires a long process, and requires good cooperation between members. A good personality usually starts from good habits from an early age that start from parental parenting, and along with the passage of time, good habits will become a character and become part of a child's personality. The growth of a child's character is determined by the assistance of parents through the parenting style that is given every day in their lives. The better the parenting style, the better the social growth of a child. The purpose of this study is to see how the parenting style of children and how the parenting pattern affects the social behavior of children. This research method is a quantitative type of survey. The results were found through questionnaire data on the type of parenting and children's social behavior. The type of parental parenting that is dominant in children is permissive parenting, which tends to give freedom to children.

How carbon sources drive cellulose synthesis in two Komagataeibacter xylinus strains

Bacterial cellulose synthesis from defined media and waste products has attracted increasing interest in the circular economy context for sustainable productions. In this study, a glucose dehydrogenase-deficient Δgdh K2G30 strain of Komagataeibacter xylinus was obtained from the parental wild type through homologous recombination. Both strains were grown in defined substrates and cheese whey as an agri-food waste to assess the effect of gene silencing on bacterial cellulose synthesis and carbon source metabolism. Wild type K2G30 boasted higher bacterial cellulose yields when grown in ethanol-based medium and cheese whey, although showing an overall higher d-gluconic acid synthesis. Conversely, the mutant Δgdh strain preferred d-fructose, d-mannitol, and glycerol to boost bacterial cellulose production, while displaying higher substrate consumption rates and a lower d-gluconic acid synthesis. This study provides an in-depth investigation of two K. xylinus strains, unravelling their suitability for scale-up BC production.

Studi Deskriptif Gambaran Pola Asuh Pada Pelaku Pedophilia

Sexual violence is a phenomenon that often occurs in the world and in Indonesia. Data showed that victims of sexual crimes are dominated by the 13-17 age group, while perpetrators are dominated by the 25-44 age group. In this case, adults who commit sexual crimes against children are called pedophiles. This study aims to determine the type of parenting that is most highly applied to pedophilia perpetrators. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. The research was conducted on inmates of correctional institutions with child protection cases. The results showed that the subjects in this study received permissive and authoritarian parenting types in the high category, while democratic parenting was in the low category. It can be concluded that permissive and authoritarian parenting are the types of parenting most often applied to pedophilia offenders.

Positive or Negative and General or Differentiated Effect? Correlation between Parental Involvement and Student Achievement

Parents can have a significant impact on student progress, but it is unclear whether generally influential forms of parental involvement can be identified or if they have a differential impact. Our research focuses on the impact of different forms of parental involvement (at-home and in-school involvement) on primary and high school students’ academic performance, and we also examine the differences between low- and high-status families. Our quantitative research analyzed data from all students that were in Grade 6 and Grade 10 in Hungary in 2019, and we conducted analysis using the Hungarian National Competency Assessment database (n = 183.366). We examined how parental involvement affects children’s mathematics and reading achievements. The results of our research were as follows: (1) Parental involvement type impacts student achievement. Home-based PI has a negative effect, while teacher–parent conferences and discussing school events have a positive effect. (2) The link between parental involvement and student achievement is weaker for higher-status families compared to lower-status families. Based on our results, the generalizability of the positive impact of parental involvement can be questioned because not all forms of it have a favorable effect on student achievement.

Associations of family socioeconomic indicators and physical activity of primary school-aged children: a systematic review

BackgroundFamily socioeconomic indicators (education, occupation, and household income) are key determinants influencing children’s physical activity (PA). This study aims to systematically review the current research about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and PA among primary school-aged children and to quantify the distribution of reported associations by childs’ and parents’ sex and according to analysis and assessment methods.MethodsA systematic literature research in multiple scientific databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and ERIC) was performed for literature published between 1st January 2010 and 31st March 2022. Only studies reporting statistical associations between an SES indicator of at least one parent (education, occupation, income, or an SES index) and different types and intensities of PA in primary school-aged children (6 to 12 years) were included in the analysis. The distributions of the reported associations were evaluated across and differentiated by sub-group analysis of assessment methods (objectively measured vs. self-reported PA) and analysis methods (univariate vs. multivariate models).ResultsOverall, 93 studies reported in 77 publications were included in this review. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe and used self-reports (questionnaires) to assess PA. Most studies used only a single SES indicator (commonly maternal education), and only two studies calculated an SES index. The majority of the studies focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and organized physical activity (OPA). Results showed predominantly positive associations between SES indicators and OPA. In contrast, results regarding different intensities of daily PA (TPA, LPA, MPA, MVPA, VPA, LTPA) were heterogeneous, with overwhelmingly no associations.ConclusionOverall, the results expand the knowledge about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and children’s PA and disprove the hypothesis of a clear positive association. However, large multicenter studies are lacking using a real SES index as a predictor and analyzing gender-specific multivariate models.

Parental vaccine hesitancy and influenza vaccine type preferences during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

BackgroundSeasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) greatly reduces disease burden among school-aged children, yet parental vaccine hesitancy remains a persistent challenge. Two types of SIV are available for children in Hong Kong and other locations: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), administered through intramuscular injection, and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), administered via nasal spray. We aimed to understand how vaccine hesitancy shaped parental preference for LAIV versus IIV, particularly amidst important public health events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the massive rollout of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.MethodsWe employed a concurrent mixed-methods design. The quantitative part involves longitudinal surveys spanning three years, from pre-pandemic to post-pandemic periods, tracking parental vaccine hesitancy and preference for SIV types. The qualitative part involves 48 in-depth interviews, providing insights into parental preference for SIV types, underlying reasons, and related values.ResultsOur quantitative analyses show an overall increase in parental vaccine hesitancy and preference for LAIV over IIV after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and especially after the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Further logistic regression modelling based on the cohort data shows that higher vaccine hesitancy, coupled with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign rollout, predicts a greater preference for LAIV over IIV. The qualitative analysis complements these results, highlighting that LAIV’s non-invasive nature aligns with parental values of prioritizing natural immunity and concerns about overmedication, leading to a more acceptable attitude towards LAIV.ConclusionsLeveraging the higher acceptability of LAIV compared to IIV among parents with high vaccine hesitancy could promote childhood vaccination uptake.

Unmasking Orphan Students' Deep Psychological Defeat

General Background: Psychological defeat significantly impacts individuals' emotional well-being, particularly in vulnerable populations such as orphan students. Existing research often overlooks the nuanced experiences of orphans in secondary education. Specific Background: Orphanhood, encompassing the loss of one or both parents, creates unique psychological challenges that can affect students' emotional and academic performance. This study addresses the gap in understanding how these challenges manifest among orphan students in secondary schools. Knowledge Gap: Despite acknowledging the emotional difficulties faced by orphans, limited research has specifically explored psychological defeat among this group, particularly concerning the impact of parental loss and gender differences. Aims: This research aims to identify and measure the degree of psychological defeat among orphan students in secondary schools in Basra Governorate. The study also seeks to determine if psychological defeat varies by the type of parental loss and gender. Results: The study found that orphan students experience a high level of psychological defeat, with no significant gender differences observed. However, significant variations in psychological defeat were identified based on the type of parental loss (father, mother, or both). Novelty: This research introduces a newly developed scale for measuring psychological defeat tailored to the context of orphan students, filling a critical gap in existing literature. Implications: The findings underscore the need for targeted psychological support and interventions for orphan students, considering the type of parental loss. Recommendations include developing tailored counseling programs and support mechanisms to address the specific needs of these students and mitigate their psychological defeat. Highlights: High psychological defeat in orphan students, regardless of gender. Variations by parental loss type, significant differences found. New scale developed for measuring psychological defeat in orphans. Keywords: Psychological defeat, orphan students, secondary education, parental loss, emotional well-being

The multifaceted nature of early vocabulary development: Connecting children's characteristics with parental input types

The multifaceted nature of early vocabulary development: Connecting children's characteristics with parental input types

Maternal psychopathology is differentially associated with adolescent offspring neural response to reward given offspring ADHD risk

Reinforcement sensitivity is a hypothesized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) intermediate phenotype but its role in transgenerational transmission of ADHD-linked psychopathology risk is largely unknown. We examined, in a carefully phenotyped, N = 123 sample of adolescents (Mage = 15.27 years, SD = 0.984; 61.78% boys), whether (1) parental psychopathology is differentially associated with fMRI-indexed neural response to reward receipt and (2) both maternal and paternal psychopathology are associated with neural response to reward; across adolescents at-risk for and not at-risk for ADHD. Indices of parental psychopathology were differentially associated with adolescent offspring neural response to reward such that across measures, parental psychopathology was negatively or not associated with offspring superior frontal gyrus (SFG) response to reward receipt in adolescents at-risk for ADHD, but parental psychopathology was positively associated with offspring SFG response in adolescents not at-risk. Further, across measures, greater maternal psychopathology was associated with blunted adolescent SFG response to reward in adolescents at-risk for ADHD whereas greater maternal externalizing problems were linked to enhanced adolescent SFG response in adolescents not at-risk. Across measures, paternal psychopathology was not associated with adolescent response to reward, in either group. ADHD risk confers differential reward-related susceptibility to the effects of parental psychopathology. Results also show this association is nonspecific in terms of parental psychopathology type but is specific to maternal psychopathology.

Associations between paternal autism traits and parenting from the Japan environment and children’s study

There are few studies on the parenting of fathers with autism traits. To investigate this issue, we examined the type of parenting performed by fathers with autism traits using data from a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Paternal parenting was evaluated by mothers or caregivers when the child was 2 years old. Father’s autism traits were measured using the Japanese version of the self-administered Autism Spectrum Quotient. Logistic regression analysis was performed to statistically analyze the data. Fathers with autism traits were significantly less likely to prepare meals for their child and helping them eat (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.23), to helping the child change clothes (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.31). However, there were no associations between some parenting behaviors and autism traits (not changing diapers, not bathing with the child, and not playing with the child). Father’s communication skill difficulties by autism traits associated with a lower tendency to perform all types of parenting. Interestingly, there were association between difficulties with social skills or attention-switching and more performing change diapers. These results indicate it is important to respect the child-rearing that fathers with autistic tendencies are able to do, while supporting them in child-rearing that they are significantly less able to do than fathers without autistic tendencies.

The Impact of Using Collaborative Learning Platforms on Increasing Student Creativity

One of the student-centred learning (SCL) methods is collaborative learning. In collaborative learning, students are required to actively participate in learning together or in groups. And collaborative learning is also based on the needs of students to improve the quality of learning. This research is conducted to find out how the use of collaborative learning platforms can help students become more creative in collaborative activities. By understanding the different types of collaborative learning platforms, teachers and parents are able to incorporate the role of technology in students' learning process. In conducting this research, researchers used quantitative methods in the implementation of the research. The data obtained by researchers was obtained through distributing questionnaires presented by researchers through a goggle from application. The distribution of this questionnaire was carried out by researchers online, which then the results of the acquisition of the distribution of this questionnaire will be processed using an SPSS application. From this research, the researcher can conclude that the impact of using a collaborative learning platform on increasing student creativity shows positive results. With the use of collaborative learning platform, it can visualise abstract and complex concepts, opening opportunities for students to develop their imagination and creativity through rich visual exposure. Based on the results of this study, it shows that collaborative learning platform can enhance students' creativity as it allows students to interact more actively and interactively during the learning process. In addition, rich visual exposure enables better understanding and enhances students' creativity and imagination.

Typologising the corporatisation of parent roles in the ‘modern’ governance of Multi-Academy Trusts (MATs) in subordinated communities

ABSTRACT This article develops and explores a typology illuminating the types of parent roles in the governance of Multi-Academy Trusts in the corporatised field of school governance and leadership. Policy has positioned parents as objects of managerialist and corporatised practice. This article draws on data generated through observations and interviews with corporate actors and parents from three multi-academy trusts. Such a typology seeks to describe and illuminate how policy and practice entanglements have constructed parent role types as supporters, providers, monitors, local civic knowledge experts, mediators and partners. Thinking with Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital, I explore how these types support the governance of trusts in the delivery of public accountabilities and management of risk. I make two contributions. Firstly, I provide a typology that can be used to describe and illuminate parent role types constructed in a corporatised field. Secondly, by exploring the typology through the corporatised practices of accountability and risk management, parents are revealed as enablers and products of corporate activity, with role types positioned hierarchically in the field, in dominated positions. This study challenges the homogenisation of the consumer parent relationship with governance as these types are constructed as products and enablers in corporate activity.

Who cares? Elucidating parental care evolution in extant birds.

Extant birds stand out among vertebrates in the diversity of parental care types they present, spanning absence of care to uniparental care by either sex, biparental care, or even cooperative care. Despite years of research, key questions remain regarding parental care evolution in birds. Firstly, the parental care type in the most recent ancestor of extant birds is a matter of controversy, with proposed ancestral states including no care, uniparental male or female care, and biparental care. Another unsolved question is the direction, order, and frequency of transitions between parental care types. We address these key questions using a database of 5,438 bird species (~50% of extant diversity) and modern phylogenetic comparative methods controlling simultaneously for model and phylogenetic uncertainty as well as potential confounding effects of state-dependent diversification. Our results indicate that the most likely ancestral state for extant birds is male-only care, with a posterior probability of 0.8. Transition rates across parental care types were generally low and heterogeneous; loss of parental care virtually never occurs and transitions away from female-only or cooperative care most often lead to biparental care. Given the low transition rates, future research should analyze the factors favoring the maintenance of care types.

The Relationship Between the Type of Parent's Work Towards the Occurrence of Speech Delay at the Grahahusada Gresik Hospital

ABSTRACT The child's ability to communicate begins with the social reactions that the child shows by responding to the presence of others. This study aims to determine which parental role variables are associated with the incidence of speech delay in children with special needs at Grahahusada Gresik Hospital. Analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The population in the study was all children with special needs who were examined at the children's poly with complaints of delays in work. The variables studied in the study are; individual characteristics of children, Child Age Group, Caregivers and incidence of speech delay. Techniques in sampling with total sampling techniques and analyzed using the Chi Square test. It is known that the children in the study were dominated by male gender 71.8% with the age group of toddlers 83.3% and most of the children were cared for by their own biological mothers as much as 62.8%. known the results of the Chi Square test p-Value variable gender of children 0.073, age category of children 0.004, and Caregivers 0.108. Child age category is associated with the incidence of speech delay in children with special needs at Grahahusada Gresik Hospital. Keywords: Speech Delay, Children with Special Needs, Parents