Parental Access Research Articles

Analysis of Positive Discipline Implementation Strategy through Technology Utilization in Providing Feedback to Parents of Students

This research aims to analyze strategies for implementing positive discipline through the use of technology in providing feedback to students' parents. Positive discipline emphasizes the development of constructive behavior through a dialogue and empathy approach, not repressive punishment. However, one of the challenges in implementing this discipline is the lack of effective communication between schools and parents, which is often caused by limited time and access. In the digital era, technology offers innovative solutions to overcome this problem by facilitating the provision of fast and real-time feedback through school applications, digital platforms and instant messaging. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in schools that implement positive discipline. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation from teachers and parents. The research results show that technology can increase the effectiveness of communication between schools and parents, allowing parents to monitor student behavior developments more efficiently. Technology also provides easier access for parents to get involved in supporting children's positive behavior at home, which in turn strengthens positive discipline at school. However, this research also identified several challenges, including gaps in technology access among parents, data security and privacy issues, and the potential for reducing the quality of personal interactions between teachers and parents. Therefore, it is important to develop inclusive and safe communication strategies to ensure optimal parental involvement. This research contributes to the development of a technology-based positive discipline approach, which it is hoped will be implemented more widely in schools, particularly in the context of increasing parental involvement and the efficiency of feedback provided.

Acceptability of Adolescent Portal Access Policies to Parents and Adolescents: A Delphi Study

PurposeUnited States healthcare systems have enacted varied adolescent online patient portal policies. No prior work has established whether these policies are acceptable to adolescents and parents. MethodsMixed-method Delphi approach with 18 parents and 18 adolescents with and without chronic illness. We presented 19 policies related to (1) who can access different types of information through the portal; (2) timing of results release; and (3) portal messaging policies, such as whether individuals are charged for portal messages. Panelists voted on whether they “supported,” “could live with,” or “opposed” each policy. ResultsThirty-six panelists completed surveys with no attrition. For access-related policies, panelists opposed prohibiting parent or adolescent access, and they accepted policies that provided transparent access to sensitive and nonsensitive information for parents and adolescents. Panelists failed to reach consensus about whether adolescents should have the granular ability to determine which parts of the medical record their parents can see. For policies related to timing of release, panelists found either immediate or delayed access to results to be acceptable, although more panelists supported immediate access. For portal messaging policies, panelists supported the ability of parents and adolescents to send messages and opposed being charged for portal messages. Panelists found it acceptable for adolescents to see messages written by their parents, but failed to reach consensus on whether parents should see messages written by adolescents. DiscussionSome healthcare systems have implemented adolescent portal policies that panelists opposed or found concerning. Hospital leaders should consider these data as they re-evaluate institutional policies.

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Fitness Levels among University Students

This study examines the correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness levels among university students in Henan, China. The research considers various SES indicators, including parental education, household income, and access to healthcare, in relation to students' self-assessed physical fitness and activity levels across multiple domains, such as vigorous physical activity, organized sports, and recreational activities. Findings reveal that students from lower SES backgrounds often face barriers, such as limited access to safe recreational spaces and organized sports, which may hinder their ability to participate in physical activities, thereby impacting their fitness levels. In contrast, students from higher SES backgrounds have greater access to fitness resources, leading to more favorable physical fitness outcomes. The study underscores the need for policy interventions and school programs that prioritize equitable access to physical activity opportunities for students of all socioeconomic backgrounds.

A Qualitative Study of Implementation Outcomes of a Group-Based Intervention for Immigrant Parents

Abstract Background Inequities in service utilization between immigrant families and native populations have emerged within the Nordic welfare countries, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive parenting support. Despite the proven efficacy of parenting interventions, their implementation phases have not been adequately addressed in extant implementation research, particularly regarding structural racism and inequities. This study aims to contribute to the literature from an implementation perspective by describing a pilot of ‘Being a Parent in Finland,’ a culturally sensitive group-based intervention for migrant parents. Its specific focus is on investigating barriers to and facilitators of implementation outcomes from the perspectives of service providers. Methods The qualitative data consisted of thematic interviews (N = 6) with service providers (N = 9) compiled at distinct phases of the pilot from 2021 to 2023. In addition, data triangulation was utilized through document analysis of 125 pages of various documents regarding the pilot as a supplementary data collection method. Content analysis was conducted on the data using Atlas.ti 23. Results The findings stress the alignment of the target group, service placement, and preventive measures for enhancing parenting intervention’s acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Implicit objectives, such as perceiving the target group as ‘at-risk,’ can impede intervention success and exacerbate stigmatization of the target group. Culture- and context-specific adaptations, and community engagement foster parental trust and intervention accessibility. Conclusions The findings underscore the significance of congruent objectives, community engagement, and adaptive iterations in preventive parenting interventions. Advocating for these elements in implementation strategies is crucial for reducing stigmatization and enhancing equity and efficacy in services tailored to minority parents. Key messages • Acknowledging equity in both implementation research and strategies is paramount. • Implementing trust-building is crucial for culturally sensitive parenting interventions.

Recruiting Practices in Informal CS Learning

Introduction: Computer science (CS) lacks representation from people who identify as one or more of the following identities: woman, Black, Indigenous, Hispanic, Latina/Latino/Latinx, or disabled. We refer to these groups as historically underrepresented groups (HUGs). Informal learning, like CS summer camps and hackathons, can increase interest in K-12 students but still struggles to broaden participation. Objectives: In this study, we examine one source of struggle for informal learning programs: recruiting practices. Methods: Toward the goal of understanding this struggle, we interviewed 14 informal K-12 CS learning programs across a diverse region in the Northwestern United States to understand what recruiting practices are being used. We used a cultural competency lens to examine the variation within recruiting practices and how some practices could lead to broader participation in computing. Results: We identified 18 different recruiting practices used by informal CS learning program organizers. Some programs had similar practices, but subtle differences in implementation that led them to fall at different points on the cultural competence continuum. More culturally competent implementations generally involve reflection on the needs of specific populations that programs were trying to recruit, on why previous recruiting implementations did not work, and on feedback from stakeholders to change their implementations. This is the first article to investigate how the implementation of the recruiting practice determines its cultural competency. Conclusion: Results from this study illuminate some of the problems informal CS programs face in broadening participation in computing and provide insights on how program organizers’ can overcome them. Our work highlights how students or parents access resources, the challenges program organizers encounter, and whether current recruiting practices effectively engage students from HUGs.

Portal Confidentiality Concerns and Health Information Sharing and Access

This survey study evaluated whether concerns about parental access to online health information through patient portals altered the amount of sensitive health information by young adults and the likelihood of opening a portal account.

Investigating Barriers to Healthcare Access for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Punjab, Pakistan

This research explores the Barriers to Healthcare Access for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Punjab, Pakistan. It investigates factors such as awareness channels, availability of healthcare facilities, and barriers to healthcare access. Utilizing quantitative methods, including structured surveys and statistical analyses, data from 100 participants were analyzed. Findings indicate diverse awareness channels, with disparities in awareness across different aspects of ASD. While healthcare facilities such as general practitioners and speech therapists are somehow available but, specialized services show notable gaps. Transportation problems, financial constraints, and cultural practices emerge as significant barriers to healthcare access. Statistical analyses reveal no significant differences in perceptions based on demographic variables. This study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges faced by families navigating the healthcare system for their children with ASD in South Punjab, Pakistan. It informs interventions & policy recommendations to ameliorate healthcare access and support services for this vulnerable population.

The effects of alcohol sale bans on children: The case of Russia

Alcohol control policies are implemented to reduce alcoholism and related harms around the globe. This work examines the effects of a policy that restricted when alcohol could be purchased on child outcomes in Russia. To identify causal impacts, I exploit variation in the timing and severity of the restriction, which was implemented in Russian states between 2005 and 2010. Utilizing household survey data and a difference-in-differences estimation approach, I find that the policy has improved children’s physical health, with younger children being more affected, and additionally has decreased a variety of risky behavior indicators. Potential mechanisms for these effects include alcohol consumption, parental employment, household income, family stability, and time use. This work demonstrates that policies controlling parental substance access can have important effects on child health.

Heterotic growth of hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana is enhanced by elevated atmospheric CO2.

With the global atmospheric CO2 concentration on the rise, developing crops that can thrive in elevated CO2 has become paramount. We investigated the potential of hybridization as a strategy for creating crops with improved growth in predicted elevated atmospheric CO2. We grew parent accessions and their F1 hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana in ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 and analyzed numerous growth traits to assess their productivity and underlying mechanisms. The heterotic increase in total dry mass, relative growth rate and leaf net assimilation rate was significantly greater in elevated CO2 than in ambient CO2. The CO2 response of net assimilation rate was positively correlated with the CO2 response of leaf nitrogen productivity and with that of leaf traits such as leaf size and thickness, suggesting that hybridization-induced changes in leaf traits greatly affected the improved performance in elevated CO2. Vegetative growth of hybrids seems to be enhanced in elevated CO2 due to improved photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency compared with parents. The results suggest that hybrid crops should be well-suited for future conditions, but hybrid weeds may also be more competitive.

Parental views of live streaming technology on a tertiary neonatal unit in the UK: A quantitative survey

IntroductionThe use of live stream technology has been introduced on neonatal units to improve parent access to their babies. This study aimed to explore parents’ experiences of using webcam technology on a neonatal unit. MethodThis was a prospective, survey-based study. Parents were eligible to participate if they had been offered the use of a webcam while their baby was admitted to the neonatal unit. Results124 parents completed questionnaires. The majority of parents opted to use the webcams (97%). Most parents reported a decrease or no change in anxiety levels (76%). Thematic analysis highlighted perceived advantages to using webcams included reassurance, virtually present when unable to be physically present, bonding, expressing and including extended family. ConclusionWebcams enabled babies to be integrated into family, provided an opportunity to enhance parent-infant bonding and improved parent wellbeing. Education and support would help reduce some of the challenges parents experienced.

Differing patterns of employment for university students: the role of family background, educational choices and access to benefits

ABSTRACT Student employment is on the increase in many European countries. It takes many forms, from full-time employment to various types of flexible work, which involves short-term, non-standard and informal work. Despite its relevance and complexity, the connection between higher education and concurrent employment has been only partially explored in scholarly debate. This paper investigates the differing patterns of employment for university students, focusing on the role played by parental background, educational choices (i.e. field of study and residential status) and access to benefits. The analyses apply to the Italian higher education system and are based on data collected through a survey carried out among students enrolled at the University of Bologna, which has a highly developed student grant system and a large number of away from home students. Using multinomial logistic regression, the paper shows that students native of Bologna from lower socio-economic backgrounds and enrolled in the humanities and social sciences are more likely than their peers to be in employment. The findings on Right to Study are hence particularly important from a policy perspective, as they highlight the different roles that scholarships and tuition fee waivers play in employment choices whilst at university.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and genetic dissection of vegetative branching traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica).

Two major genetic loci, qTN5.1 and qAB9.1, were identified and finely mapped to the 255Kb region with one potential candidate gene for tiller number and the 521Kb region with eight candidate genes for axillary branch number, respectively. Vegetative branching including tillering and axillary branching are vital traits affecting both the plant architecture and the biomass in cereal crops. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of vegetative branching in foxtail millet is largely unknown. Here, a foxtail millet cultivar and its bushy wild relative Setaria viridis accession were used to construct segregating populations to identify candidate genes regulating tiller number and axillary branch number. Transcriptome analysis using vegetative branching bud samples of parental accessions was performed, and key differentially expressed genes and pathways regulating vegetative branching were pointed out. Bulk segregant analysis on their F2:3 segregating population was carried out, and a major QTL for tiller number (qTN5.1) and two major QTLs for axillary branch number (qAB2.1 and qAB9.1) were detected. Fine-mapping strategy was further performed on F2:4 segregate population, and Seita.5G356600 encoding β-glucosidase 11 was identified as the promising candidate gene for qTN5.1, and eight genes, especially Seita.9G125300 and Seita.9G125400 annotated as B-S glucosidase 44, were finally identified as candidate genes for regulating axillary branching. Findings in this study will help to elucidate the genetic basis of the vegetative branching formation of foxtail millet and lay a foundation for breeding foxtail millet varieties with ideal vegetative branching numbers.

Understanding the Perspectives of Paediatric Physicians on Physiotherapy in Paediatric Rehabilitation in Chennai, India: A Qualitative Approach.

Children with disabilities may exhibit a multitude of symptoms, and treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach for a satisfactory outcome. Lack of awareness among physicians, lack of referral, and lack of inter-sectoral coordination have hindered paediatric practice in Tamil Nadu, a state in India with a striking childhood disability rate that warrants a timely interdisciplinary approach. However, the perspectives of paediatricians on paediatric physiotherapy are unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of practicing paediatric physicians in Chennai on the role of physiotherapy in paediatrics. For an in-depth exploration, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted in person with 10 paediatricians. Audio from the sessions was recorded and transcribed, and data saturation was achieved through iterative analysis. A grounded theory analysis of the results yielded 5 domains under which the perspectives and expectations of the physicians were described, along with the barriers experienced by patients' parents as explained by their paediatrician. The responses highlighted deficits in awareness, structural support, accessibility and direct communication between physicians and physiotherapists. Paediatric physicians have different opinions, and some ignorance persists concerning paediatric physiotherapy. This study warrants a proper structure of the paediatric rehabilitation unit and regular interdisciplinary meetings and focus group discussions to increase access for parents and improve patient outcomes.

Knowledge and perception of secondary students on food labels and safe nutrition in Kwara state, Nigeria

ood labels and safe nutrition are important concepts in national food security. The knowledge and perception of these concepts is critical to building a sustainable food system and reducing prevailing hunger and malnutrition among students who depend largely on road side fast and junk foods. This study assessed the knowledge and perception of secondary students on food labels and safe nutrition in Kwara state. The study adopted a cross sectional primary data collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire subjected to expert opinion for validity and test-retest for the reliability (r = 0.86) of the instrument. A multi stage random sampling technique was used to select 1080 secondary students. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as logit and multinomial logistic regression model with significance level at P<0.05 where relevant. The study found that parent education, school curriculum and access to basic amenities are important factors influencing theknowledge of food labels and safe nutrition among secondary school students. Hence, we recommend that effort should be geared toward the incorporation of issues on food safety and label in secondary school curriculum.

Perceptions of mental health providers of the barriers and facilitators of using and engaging youth in digital mental-health-enabled measurement based care.

Increased rates of mental health disorders and substance use among youth and young adults have increased globally, furthering the strain on an already burdened mental health system. Digital solutions have been proposed as a potential option for the provision of timely mental health services for youth, with little research exploring mental health professional views about using such innovative tools. In Alberta, Canada, we are evaluating the implementation and integration of a digital mental health (dMH) platform into existing service pathways. Within this paper we seek to explore mental health professionals' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators that may influence their utilization of digital MH-enabled measurement-based care (MBC) with the youth who access their services. A qualitative, descriptive methodology was used to inductively generate themes from focus groups conducted with mental health professionals from specialized mental health services and primary care networks in Alberta. As mental health professionals considered the barriers and facilitators of using dMH with youth, they referenced individual and family barriers and facilitators to consider. Providers highlighted perceived barriers, including: first, cultural stigma, family apprehension about mental health care, and parental access to dMH and MBC as deterrents to providers adopting digital platforms in routine care; second, perceptions of increased responsibility and liability for youth in crisis; third, perception that some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in youth are not amenable to dMH; fourth, professionals contemplated youth readiness to engage with dMH-enabled MBC. Participants also highlighted pertinent facilitators to dMH use, noting: first, the suitability of dMH for youth with mild mental health concerns; second, youth motivated to report their changes in mental health symptoms; and lastly, youth proficiency and preference for dMH options. By identifying professionals' perceptions of barriers and facilitators for youth users, we may better understand how to address misconceptions about who is eligible and appropriate for dMH through training and education.

A butterfly egg-killing hypersensitive response in Brassica nigra is controlled by a single locus, PEK, containing a cluster of TIR-NBS-LRR receptor genes.

Knowledge of plant recognition of insects is largely limited to a few resistance (R) genes against sap-sucking insects. Hypersensitive response (HR) characterizes monogenic plant traits relying on R genes in several pathosystems. HR-like cell death can be triggered by eggs of cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.), pests of cabbage crops (Brassica spp.), reducing egg survival and representing an effective plant resistance trait before feeding damage occurs. Here, we performed genetic mapping of HR-like cell death induced by Pieris brassicae eggs in the black mustard Brassica nigra (B. nigra). We show that HR-like cell death segregates as a Mendelian trait and identified a single dominant locus on chromosome B3, named PEK (Pieris egg- killing). Eleven genes are located in an approximately 50 kb region, including a cluster of genes encoding intracellular TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) receptor proteins. The PEK locus is highly polymorphic between the parental accessions of our mapping populations and among B. nigra reference genomes. Our study is the first one to identify a single locus potentially involved in HR-like cell death induced by insect eggs in B. nigra. Further fine-mapping, comparative genomicsand validation of the PEK locus will shed light on the role of these TNL receptors in egg-killing HR.

Parental access to ‘Sexual Conviction Record Check’ sex offender registry in Hong Kong

BackgroundSex offender registry systems aim to prevent child sexual abuse (CSA) by restricting the interaction between convicted offenders and children. Although Hong Kong enacted the Sexual Conviction Record Check (SCRC) policy in 2011, debates regarding legal access to the sex offender registry remain unresolved. ObjectiveThis study examines parental beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge of the SCRC policy. It explores if parents' motivation to learn more about SCRC can mediate the relationships between parental support for the SCRC and policy advocacy actions. MethodIn Hong Kong, a social service agency employed a digital randomization method to invite 507 consented parents of elementary schoolers to participate in a phone survey. Human Subjects Protection Board approved using the survey data to analyze the variables related to SCRC and policy advocacy. ResultsThe results demonstrate that parents' beliefs in CSA prevention, attitudes toward home-based sex education, and SCRC knowledge are associated with parental advocacy for SCRC access. Furthermore, parental motivation mediates the relationships between advocacy efforts and (1) beliefs in CSA prevention, (2) home-based sex education, and (3) support of SCRC. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of establishing a community-professional-government partnership platform to mobilize parents and promote public awareness regarding SCRC access regulations.

Factors Affecting Home Language Literacy Development in Japanese-English Bicultural Children in Japan

Simultaneous bilingual and bicultural children who are schooled in the dominant societal language can acquire literacy in their home language through home literacy practices and weekend school. Twenty-eight Japanese-English bilingual–bicultural children (ages 9 to 14) attending English weekend schools in Japan were assessed using the standardized Test of Written Language (TOWL, 4th ed.). Their overall age-adjusted writing scores showed that most were on a par with same-age US peers. The parents’ responses to parental questionnaires revealed that the children’s regular attendance and enjoyment of weekend school, coupled with parental home support and access to plenty of appropriate English reading materials, helped to establish their English literacy. Nevertheless, the children attained different writing scores. Although many performed within the Average range, some scored either in the Above Average or higher range or the Below Average or lower range. Further analysis of these three groups of children revealed a strong relationship between reading practices and writing scores. Better writers tend to read frequently in English; they enjoy reading independently and voluntarily. These findings underscore the importance of recreational reading as an accessible and affordable means for developing home language literacy in bilingual and bicultural children in Japan.

Mapping of prehaustorial resistance against wheat leaf rust in einkorn (Triticum monococcum), a progenitor of wheat

Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is one of the most significant fungal diseases of wheat, causing substantial yield losses worldwide. Infestation is currently being reduced by fungicide treatments and mostly vertical resistance. However, these measures often break down when the fungal virulence pattern changes, resulting in a breakdown of vertical resistances. In contrast, the prehaustorial resistance (phr) that occurs in the einkorn–wheat leaf rust interaction is race-independent, characterized by an early defense response of plants during the prehaustorial phase of infestation. Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) is closely related to Triticum urartu as a progenitor of wheat and generally shows a high level of resistance against leaf rust of wheat. Hence, einkorn can serve as a valuable source to improve the level of resistance to the pathogen in future wheat lines. In particular, einkorn accession PI272560 is known to exhibit a hypersensitive prehaustorial effector triggered immune reaction, preventing the infection of P. triticina. Remarkably, this effector-triggered immune reaction turned out to be atypical as it is non-race-specific (horizontal). To genetically dissect the prehaustorial resistance (phr) in PI272560, a biparental F2 population of 182 plants was established after crossing PI272560 with the susceptible T. boeoticum accession 36554. Three genetic maps comprising 2,465 DArT-seq markers were constructed, and a major QTL was detected on chromosome 5A. To locate underlying candidate genes, marker sequences flanking the respective QTL were aligned to the T. urartu reference genome and transcriptome data available from the parental accessions were used. Within the QTL interval of approximately 16.13 million base pairs, the expression of genes under inoculated and non-inoculated conditions was analyzed via a massive analysis of cDNA (MACE). Remarkably, a single gene located 3.4 Mbp from the peak marker within the major QTL was upregulated (20- to 95-fold) after the inoculation in the resistant accession in comparison to the susceptible T. boeoticum accession. This gene belongs to a berberine bridge enzyme-like protein that is suspected to interact on the plant surface with glycoside hydrolases (GH) secreted by the fungus and to induce a hypersensitive defense reaction in the plant after fungal infections.

The Biopolitics of Parental Access: Cross-Readings of Transnational Adoption and Surrogacy in Denmark and Norway

Abstract This article introduces the notion of the “biopolitics of parental access” as an analytical lens to examine how different forms of reproductive governance support and enable parental access. Through a cross-reading of political and administrative documents relating to the regulation of, respectively, transnational adoption in Denmark and transnational surrogacy in Norway, we examine the logics and techniques that inform the reproductive governance of parental access. Drawing attention to the racialized entanglement of pro- and anti-natalism, the analysis shows how access to parenthood for Danish and Norwegian citizens is continued and secured through the annihilation of the parenthood of surrogate mothers and families losing children to adoption. While the concrete logics and techniques of reproductive governance differ in the two cases, the result—access to parenthood—is similar.