Parental Concern Research Articles

Unpacking parental accommodation: Relationship to parent distress tolerance and cognitive styles

Accommodation, or changes to parent behaviors or routines to avoid or alleviate child distress related to psychopathology, is one maladaptive parent response that is common in anxiety disorders and associated with poor youth outcomes. Little is known about the processes in parents that contribute to accommodation. Thus, the current study examined how accommodation relates to parent distress tolerance and cognitive styles. The present study utilized data from 295 parents (289 female) of children ages 4–10 who were recruited for a randomized trial of an internet-based single-session intervention targeting parent accommodation (NCT04453865). Results indicate a positive relationship between parent rumination and worry and accommodation, highlighting the influence of parent cognitive processes on their tendency to accommodate. In addition, results suggest a positive relationship between reduced parent distress tolerance and greater accommodation, and this relationship may be influenced by other factors. Future research that uses multiple methods of assessment will add to effective interventions for parent accommodation that can be used to improve youth outcomes.

Pattern of skin diseases in children attending the dermatology clinic in Alert referral hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective study

Background: A Skin disease, which is estimated to affect between 21 and 87% of children, are the reason for up to a third of outpatient visits to pediatricians and dermatologists. It can possibly re-sult in considerable anxiety, parental worry, and embarrassment to the child and lead to loss of confidence, disruption of social relations, and feeling of stigmatization. This study aimed to assess the pattern of skin diseases in children attending at ALERT referral hospital.Methods: The study setting is ALERT referral hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A hospital-based, retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between July and August 2020. All children younger than 12 years, who were diagnosed for skin diseases from May 2018 to May 2020, were included. Four hundred twenty-three children were sampled using a random sampling method. SPSS Version 20 software was used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that 385(91%) of patients had one skin disease and the remaining 38(9%) had two or more skin diseases. Fungal infections were present in30.1% of the cases fol-lowed by eczema, which accounted for 27.4%. Among fungal infections, Tinea Capitis (106/116), 91.4% followed by Tinea Corporis and Tinea Pedis were the most common in ALERT dermatology clinic. Among eczema cases, family atopic dermatitis (82/106), 77% was the most common. The result showed seasonal variation in some diseases.Conclusion: Skin fungal infections were the most common followed by eczema, pigmentary dis-order, infestation, viral infection, urticaria, bacterial infection, and others. There was some sea-sonal variation in some diseases.

Smegma remains a diagnostic dilemma

A healthy, uncircumcised, two-year-old male presented with a six-month history of an asymptomatic, mobile, yellowish nodule near the base of the glans penis. An examination revealed a 1 × 0.5 cm, yellowish-white, soft, and mobile nodule between the glans and the foreskin of the penis (Fig. 1). No signs of infection or irritation were noted and the rest of the body was free of lesions. Ultrasound revealed soft tissue thickening, excluded a solid formation. The urine dipstick test was negative. Based on the clinical features, the diagnosis of a smegma cyst was reached. A smegma cyst is composed of epithelial debris, fat, and proteins and is covered by a well-formed, epithelial wall [1]. When there is no covering sac of lump, it is called the smegma pearl. Frequently located on the ventral surface of the glans, within the subpreputial space, the urethral meatus is not affected and the prepuce is partially retractable. It develops in uncircumcised patients. As phimosis resolves the inner foreskin, adhesions begin to undergo a gradual process of separation from the glans penis. Smegma may become entrapped during this process, forming smooth, palpable pearls [2]. It is neither damaging nor irritating. The differential diagnosis concerns either acquired or congenital penile cysts (e.g., trichilemmal cysts, preputial Epstein pearls, dermoid cysts, median raphe cysts, para meatal cysts, mucoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, pilosebaceous cysts, juvenile xanthogranuloma) [3]. Given the paucity of published reports, these collections are a diagnostic challenge for clinicians unfamiliar with this entity and a source of concern for parents. Smegma pearls are a benign entity. Bimanual retraction or gentle expression may be performed with a risk of paraphimosis, irritation, and recurrence [2,3]. Thus, these techniques must be discussed with the parents considering the spontaneous resolution. In the case of chronic evolution, smegma may evolve to preputial stones in adults and the elderly. No investigations or treatments are required. Only monitoring and parental reassurance are recommended.

Institutional Determinants of College Choice Decisions Among Business Students in Nepal

College choice remains a crucial concern for students and parents, particularly during admissions. The decision students make about their education has far-reaching consequences for their future. This topic has been explored extensively in the literature. However, few studies have focused on institutional factors of students’ college choice decisions in Nepal. Therefore, this study examines institutional determinants/factors which are more significant in college choice decisions. Based on a survey of 385 conveniently sampled undergraduate and postgraduate business students of Pokhara University, the factor analysis results demonstrate four institutional factors: university/college reputation, quality of educational facilities, cost and financial assistance, and employment opportunities as significant factors in college choice decisions. This research aids colleges in marketing themselves to prospective students and understanding what drives individuals to pursue higher education by revealing the most significant institutional factors. Moreover, the study's limitations are discussed and suggestions for further investigation are offered.

Impact of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy and the Role of Nutrition

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as infantile colic, constipation and colic occur in almost half of the infants. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common among children and may cause a significant symptom burden. The Rome criteria are symptom-based guidelines for the assessment of FGID among children and adults. The most common FGID for children aged 0–12 months was infant regurgitation, the most common FGID for those aged 13–48 months were functional constipation and cyclic vomiting, and, for those aged over four years, functional constipation, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome. This reported overall incidence of FGID may be used as a benchmark of normative data among the general population and comparative data for those with comorbid disease. The aim of this mini review article is to provide a critical and updated review on the management of FGIDs and their impact on the health of the infant and family to health care physicians. Guidelines and expert recommendations were reviewed. FGIDs are a frequent cause of parental concern, impairment in quality of life of infants and relatives, and impose a financial burden to families, health care, and insurance. Therefore, primary management of the FGIDs should be focused on improving the infants’ symptoms and quality of life of the family. If more than parental reassurance is needed, available evidence recommends nutritional advice as it is an effective strategy and most of the time devoid of adverse effects. The role of healthcare providers in reassuring parents and proposing the correct behavior and nutritional intervention by avoiding inappropriate use of medication, is essential in the management of FGIDs.

Retracted Article: Parental Concerns in Children with Febrile Convulsions

Retracted Article: Parental Concerns in Children with Febrile Convulsions

Paediatrician's guide to post-operative care for functionally univentricular CHD: a review.

Single ventricle CHD affects about 5 out of 100,000 newborns, resulting in complex anatomy often requiring multiple, staged palliative surgeries. Paediatricians are an essential part of the team that cares for children with single ventricle CHD. These patients often encounter their paediatrician first when a complication arises, so it is critical to ensure the paediatrician is knowledgeable of these issues to provide optimal care. We reviewed the subtypes of single ventricle heart disease and the various palliative surgeries these patients undergo. We then searched the literature to detail the general paediatrician's approach to single ventricle patients at different stages of surgical palliation. Single ventricle patients undergo staged palliation that drastically changes physiology after each intervention. Coordinated care between their paediatrician and cardiologist is requisite to provide excellent care. This review highlights what to expect when these patients are seen by their paediatrician for either well child visits or additional visits for parental or patient concern.

PENGARUH PERSEKITARAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN NILAI MORAL DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH

This study aims to identify the influence of the family environment and its effect on the formation of moral values among students. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to a) identify the influence of the family environment on the formation of adolescent moral values, b) identify the level of parental concern for adolescents and c) analyze the factors for adolescent engagement in immoral acts. The research method used in this study is using online interviews through social media application with 6 high school students in one of the schools in the district of Bachok, Kelantan. The results of the analysis showed that the influence of the family environment contributed to the moral values of adolescent such as parental quarrels, parental divorce and financial issues. These factors encouraged adolescent to engage in immoral acts such as being uncivilized, breaking school rules and engaging in negative behaviors. The implications of the study showed that the role and involvement of parents was very important in shaping children with noble personalities to produce a generation that has self-motivation and high moral values. It is hoped that this study can help relevant parties such as KPM, LPPKN, JKM and NGOs in efforts to address the problem of moral decay among adult students and so that future generations are free from serious moral decay.

Increased Incidence of Obesity in Children and Adolescents Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article.

The recent coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has immensely impacted all classes of society, but the effects on children and adolescents are much more pronounced than on others. While obesity and its comorbidities in children and adolescents have always been a concern, the COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be one of the leading causes of health problems in children and adolescents worldwide, leading to various complications. Hence, understanding its long-term sequelae is of utmost importance. The role of physicians in family counseling, nutrition counseling, and diet education is vital in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The BMI (body mass index) measurements and retrospective cohort studies of various individuals are useful for the pertinent research. During the pandemic, social isolation, staying at home, increased screen time due to online classes, reduced outdoor activities, and more snacking are some of the contributing factors that have increased the prevalence of obesity and further morbidities associated with it. Multiple studies and guidelines are available for combating these issues; still, an increasing number of such cases have been encountered in routine outpatient department (OPD) practice. As opposed to specific infectious illnesses, obesity and its comorbidities are non-infectious, and a slow-growing silent risk; hence parents approach the pediatrician quite late in the disease process. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, every aspect of our life has entered a more virtual domain and is no longer confined to a mere physical sphere. This sudden shift to virtual online classes has significantly impacted children and adolescents by decreasing their physical activities and social interactions in schools. This has even led to increased use of social media and mobile phone games by children and adolescents, a grave concern for parents, pediatricians, and epidemiologists. A more detailed assessment and multidisciplinary approach might benefit in dealing with the management of this emerging issue. Gaining enhanced clarity by establishing more guidelines can help physicians as well as parents in the management of this critical issue.

Qualitative Focus Groups with Professionals of Special Education and Parents of Young Females with Intellectual Disability Exploring Experiences with Menstrual Hygiene Management and the Trigger for the Non-Therapeutic Hysterectomy in Mexico.

How primary carers, physicians, health education professionals, and others see or understand the subject of menstruation in women with intellectual disability (ID) is rooted in the socio-cultural context and in the socio-economic structures in which all of them live. The aim of this study was to explore how parents of young females with ID and special education professionals perceive and experience menstrual hygiene management, which coping strategies are applied; and what triggers the performance of a hysterectomy. A qualitative focus group study design was conducted with 69 parents and 11 special education professionals, in 14 schools and one Down syndrome clinic, in Mexico City. Data were analysed using the method of thematic analysis. The main concern of parents was how to cope with the underlying disease. They perceived menstrual bleeding positively. Their psychological distress had to do with the reproductive health of their daughters, with their wish to avoid pregnancy, and with their fear of death and leaving their daughters alone and helpless without them. None of them favoured hysterectomy. Medical indication of hysterectomy was identified as the trigger for its performance. There is an urgent need of policy development/review on best practices for hysterectomy in the females in question.

Première étude des qualités psychométriques de la version française du questionnaire d’inquiétudes parentales (QIPS-R15) dans le cadre d’une maladie chronique pédiatrique

IntroductionThe parental worry about the health's evolution of a child with a chronic disease is frequent and normal. However, when it becomes excessive and intense, it can lead to a generalized anxiety disorder. Validated and specific assessments related to parental worries are lacking in the literature. ObjectiveThis article presents a French adaptation and validation of a self-reported questionnaire assessing the parental worries about the child's health evolution: “le questionnaire d’inquiétudes parentales en santé” (QIPS-R15) [translating: the parental worry questionnaire in health]. Method. A sample of parents whose child suffers from a chronic disease (n=94) filled in three questionnaires: the parental worry questionnaire in health, the anxiety and depressive questionnaire and the intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire. ResultsThe exploratory factorial analysis with an oblique rotation “Oblimin direct” confirms the two-dimensional structures of the QIPS-R15. The two dimensions are: the worry intensity (7 items) and the context and the management of worries by the parent (3 items). Significant and positive correlations were observed between the three questionnaires. Finally, there are differences of means at QIPS-R15 based on the profile of generalized anxiety disorder. ConclusionResults from the QIPS-R15 suggested that this new instrument is a good assessment for detecting parents who present excessive worries with a generalized anxiety disorder profile.

Annular skin lesions in infancy.

Annular skin lesions have a unique morphology, and the dramatic appearance of these skin eruptions in infants can cause concern for parents and clinicians. Annular lesions appearing during infancy (defined here as birth to 1 year of age) lend to a broad differential, ranging from benign cutaneous disorders to severe systemic diseases. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic findings, and management options of possible etiologies for annular skin lesions in infants, including annular erythema of infancy, neonatal lupus erythematosus, dermatophyte infections, hemorrhagic edema of infancy, and urticaria multiforme.

Primary Surgical Treatment of Cleft Palates in the Algerian Hospital Environment

It is widely acknowledged that cleft palate is one of the most common craniofacial malformations. It requires multidisciplinary care composed mainly of a speech therapist, a radiologist, a psychologist, and above all a pediatric surgeon. It should be noted that the closing of this cleft represents a challenge for the pediatrician who above all seeks to restore the anatomical relationships that are compatible with the velopharyngeal competence that is required for the proper functioning of phonation, swallowing, ventilation, and hearing. Otherwise, the child may develop velopalatine incompetence which can cause a phonatory problem that may remain poorly tolerated by the patient and those around him. This phonatory problem represents a major concern for parents. In addition, the classic surgical technique of _Veau – Wardill - Kilner palatoplasty_ consists of dissecting the nasal and oral mucous membranes of the palatal tablets which are sutured along the midline without intravelar myopathy. In the literature, the velar insufficiency rate of this technique is reported as between 15 and 26%. In addition, over the last twenty years, the techniques for reconstructing velopalatine clefts have remarkably progressed. As an example, it is worth citing the Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty (IVV) and the Furlow Z veloplasty which are the most anatomical technique as they both allow repositioning the velar muscles thus leading to an improvement in the lifting and receding movements of the veil, which significantly reduces the sequelae. The goal of the present work, which is based on a sample of 85 cases, is to make an epidemiological, therapeutic, and evolutionary analysis, and also to take stock of the surgical techniques practiced in our country for the primary treatment of cleft palates. It was found that the velar insufficiency rate was much higher after classical palatoplasty than after primary surgery with intravelar veloplasty or Furlow’s Z-plasty.

How Parents Promote English and Arabic Language Proficiency in Elementary School Children in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, English is taught starting from kindergarten at National Public and Private Schools. At International schools, English is the medium of instruction. This study aims to explore how parents promote children’s language development, their evaluation of their children’s proficiency level, which language the children use in communicating with family members and on WhatsApp. Surveys with parents revealed that English is stronger and preferred by children in International Schools and many children in Private Schools. More parents worry about their children’s proficiency level in English than Arabic and promote English more than Arabic. Watching English cartoons and movies, using English educational and entertainment apps/programs, playing English games, and enrolling the children in English courses during holidays are common home-based activities. To promote Arabic, some parents hire a tutor. Others encourage their children to read Arabic stories and watch Arabic cartoons. Results and recommendations are given in detail.

ROLE OF HONEY IN NOCTURNAL COUGH IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Acute respiratory infections (A.R.I.s) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in India, causing an estimated 4 million pneumonia and 1 million fatalities annually. Except during the neonatal period, A.R.I.s are the primary cause of illness and death in children under five, with an average of three to six episodes per year. The most prevalent, unpleasant, and early warning sign of A.R.I.s is cough. Cough caused by URTIs or cough without preceding infection causes parental worry in early childhood and is a primary cause of outpatient visits. Cough can impact one's quality of life, cause anxiety, and disrupt children's sleep; therefore, parents frequently seek a rapid remedy for their children. Since antiquity, honey and its numerous remedies have been used to treat coughs effectively. Honey is also essential to paediatric treatment in the Ayurveda medical system. Honey is said to cure various diseases and is recommended in multiple situations as the primary medicine as anupana, sahapana, and on occasion. To support the child's entire physical and cognitive development, Ayurveda encouraged the use of honey in the 'lehana' form, along with ghee (clarified butter oil), other herbal medicines, and Suvarna bhasma. When used to treat a night-time cough, honey gives significant symptomatic relief regarding cough severity, episode length, and insomnia. Honey's mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilator qualities provide comfort from nocturnal coughing, and multiple clinical research has shown that honey is more helpful in lowering cough frequency, intensity, and the impact of cough on sleep.

Penyuluhan Pentingnya Manajemen Beban Tas Yang Ergonomis Bagi Pertumbuhan Dan Kesehatan Siswa Sekolah di SMAN 72 Jakarta Utara

The odd semester of the academic year 2022 is an important moment for education in Indonesia. After almost three years, students and teachers carried out online learning and teaching processes, finally in the odd semester of academic year 2022, schools especially in province of DKI Jakarta will implement onsite teaching and learning processes. Students will wake up early, prepare and bring their books and bags to their school. One thing that is identical with education in Indonesia is the large number of textbooks that students will carry in their bags, even though the load from the bag will have a long-term negative effect on bone growth and have an bad impact on student’s body posture. This is a point of concern for parents and teachers at SMAN 72 North Jakarta, at the invitation of the school, the author then provided a workshop about the importance of using ergonomic bags for students in order to maintain students' physical and psychological health. The result of this community service activity is a measurement of the satisfaction of the participants, 97.44% of 156 participants were very satisfied and assessed that the workshop gave them benefits in providing new knowledge about ergonomic bags.

P08-01 Demographic, social, and environmental factors predicting Danish children's greenspace use

BackgroundEvidence suggest that greenspace use can be associated with children's physical, mental, social health, and well-being (Tillmann et al., 2018; Mygind et al., 2019; Mygind et al., 2021). Greenspace can facilitate a wide range of low-cost activities and the availability of greenspace is frequently linked to increased levels of recreational physical activity. Accordingly, contemporary children's declining greenspace use prompts a need to understand the factors that affect frequency of use.MethodsAiming to determine to what extent demographic, environmental and social factors predict greenspace use for school-aged (6-15-year-old) children in Denmark, a national online survey was distributed to parents of 10.000 0-15-year-old children. From a total of 4772 responses a sub-sample of 3171 responses from parents of school-aged children was included in the analysis for this study. The aim was addressed by answering the following research questions: 1) How often do Danish children use greenspaces? 2) What demographic differences in greenspace use are present? 3) How do social and environmental factors predict greenspace use?ResultsResponses from the 3171 parents showed that 49.5% of the children used greenspace almost every day during the summer season. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the number of types of greenspaces within walking or cycling distance from home was a strong predictor for daily use. Social factors (parental concern and encouragement) also predicted use, but less so. Geography and child age were the only demographic predictors for using greenspace almost every day.ConclusionsFindings from the present study suggest that providing opportunity for choosing between various types of greenspaces within walking or cycling distance might be an effective way to stimulate children's use of greenspace. Also, increased parental awareness of their role in children's outdoor spatial behaviours might further greenspace use among children.

Homeschooling and Child Safety: Are Kids Safer at Home

ABSTRACT Safety remains a key concern for parents and education policy makers. Homeschooling opponents argue that child abusers use homeschooling to isolate and harm their children while public school teachers and administrators, as mandatory reporters, reduce child maltreatment. Supporters of homeschooling argue that public schools expose children to bullying from their peers and that some school employees also mistreat children. In the 1980s and 1990s, most states adopted legislation clarifying a legal path for homeschooling. I conduct two-way fixed effects and event study analyses of the effect of homeschool rules on measures of child safety. Although most estimates are not statistically significant, some specifications find a statistically significant increase in child homicide rates in the years following homeschool legislation. Better understanding how a variety of educational options affect children’s safety continues to be a pressing aspect of education policy.

Virtual Learning and Parental Stress Experience in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Tabas City

Introduction: One of the problems and challenges of families in the COVID-19 pandemic was the education of children. This study aims to discover and analyze the tensions and concerns of families in this regard.
 Method: This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tabas. Semi-structured interviews with 17 parents were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by thematic analysis.
 Results: Data analysis showed that parents have experienced multiple concerns and tensions regarding their children's education in the pandemic. The issue of education quality on one hand and sociocultural challenges related to virtual space on the other hand was the most important concern of parents. The four themes of the study included socialization challenges, education problem, media panic, and economic and environmental problems.
 Discussion: It is suggested that policy makers pay more attention to the problems of families in the field of virtual learning. Attention should be given to vulnerable groups and families, so that the issue of educational deprivation does not threaten the children of these families. On the other hand, sociocultural issues related to media and poor media literacy of parents are a major challenge in this field. It is necessary for sociocultural custodians as well as researchers and social theorists to provide theoretical discussions and solutions using psychology and social work in this field.

An experimental investigation of association between children’s lying and behavior problems

Children’s lying is a major concern for parents and teachers alike, not only because lying is an antisocial behavior but also because children’s lying correlates with other behavior problems, such as aggression and delinquency. Despite considerable correlational evidence demonstrating the relation between children’s lying and behavior problems, experimental evidence is scarce. This study uses a novel task to experimentally examine the relation between lying for personal reward and behavior problem symptoms among 9- to 11-year-old typically developed children (N = 275, 139 boys). Results revealed a positive correlation between children’s lying for personal reward and their behavior problem symptoms, and this correlation increases with age. Overall, this study provides experimental evidence suggesting children’s lying for personal reward is associated with behavior problems.