Personality Characteristics Of Parents Research Articles

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTERISTIK KEPRIBADIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP SIKAP SOSIAL SISWA DI MTs NURUL WATON DESA SUNGSANG 3 KECAMATAN BANYUASIN II KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

Some parents in Sungsang 3 Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency speak harshly to their children, because of the factor of living in the sea area, parents scold their children by saying impolite, lack of motivation of parents in doing spiritual activities, the lack of Parents' religious knowledge to children, some parents give authoritarian punishment to their children who make mistakes, the lack of moral education in the family for the child.
 This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted at MTs Nurul Waton, Sungsang 3 Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency. The population in this study were all students of MTs Nurul Waton Sungsang 3 Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency, totaling 180 students, while the sample used was 64 students obtained through the proportionate stratified random simpling technique (proportional stratified random sample). The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Product Moment correlation technique.
 From the results of the research that has been done, the data obtained are: 1) The characteristics of the personality of the parents in Sungsang 3 Village Banyuasin Ii District, Banyuasin Regency are included in the low category with an average score of 57.75 or 58, as many as 29 people or 45%. 2) The social attitudes of MTs Nurul Waton students are in the high category with an average score of 78.9 or 79, 24 people or 37%. 3) Based on the results of the significant correlation test, the results of the comparison of r table (0.3198)> r count (-0.267) with a significant level of 10%, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the Personality Characteristics of Parents and the Social Attitudes of Students at MTs Nurul Waton Sungsang 3 Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency.

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ, СКЛОННЫХ К БРОДЯЖНИЧЕСТВУ, О РОДИТЕЛЯХ

Statement of the problem. To solve the challenges of parent-child relationships among adolescents prone to vagrancy and their parents, it is necessary to know what ideas adolescents have about their parents. We believe that if we take into account the features of existing ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy, we can introduce changes into these structures. By correcting negative ideas about parents while working with the underaged, it is possible to harmonize child-parent relationships and thereby reduce the possibility of repeating deviant behavior. The purpose of the article is to describe features of the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy. The research methodology consists of the analysis and generalization of works of foreign and Russian researchers related to the study of ideas about parents and vagrancy as a social process closely related to the situation in a family. Research methods. Twenty teenagers who are getting treatment in a residential facility for minors (Krasnoyarsk) were involved in the study of the ideas about parents of adolescents prone to vagrancy. The sample includes: 10 adolescents who are not prone to vagrancy and 10 adolescents with a medium intensity of a vagrancy syndrome. The following tests were used as diagnostic tools: “Scale of Leaving and Vagrancy” (I.V. Makarov), “Adolescents about Their Parents” (ADOR) by I. Schaefer (modified by Z. Mateychik and P. Rzhichan), “Parent-Child Relationships” (S.V. Lippo, S.T. Posokhov). To describe personality characteristics of parents, we used the test “Five Statements” which is based on the test “Twenty Statements” by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland. To summarize and analyze empiric materials, mathematical methods of statistical data processing were used: descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test. Research results. The authors assumed and empirically proved that the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy differ from the ideas about parents among adolescents who are not prone to vagrancy. The research gives an opportunity to identify significant criteria in the ideas about a father among adolescents prone to vagrancy (hostility, directivity, proximity factor, demographic and socio-psychological characteristics: age, education, profession, hobby, bad habits, as well as frequency and satisfaction with relationships with a father, emotional coloring of these relationships) and the ideas about a mother (hostility, autonomy, inconsistency, criticism factor, demographic and socio-psychological characteristics: age, education, profession, hobby, bad habits, as well as frequency and satisfaction with relationships with a mother, emotional coloring of these relationships). Conclusions. The results of the research allow identifying features of the ideas about parents among adolescents prone to vagrancy which are of practical interest for intervention with adolescents prone to vagrancy and have disturbed child-parent relationships, as part of the system of social services and psychological assistance.

Understanding Bias in Surgery: Perceived Cultural Similarity Between Surgeons and Patient Families.

We describe surgeon and parent perceptions of similarity toward each other and evaluate differences in the perceptions of similarity by race. Observational cohort analysis. Three outpatient sites. Following consultations for children undergoing evaluation for 1 of 3 surgical procedures (tonsillectomy, hernia repair, circumcision), surgeons and parents rated their perception of cultural similarity toward each other on a 6-point Likert scale. Surgeon evaluation of 9 parent characteristics was measured with 7-point Likert scales. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of greater surgeon-perceived similarity and to assess associations of perceived similarity with evaluation of parent characteristics. Most parents were women (n = 38, 84%), whereas surgeons were primarily men (n = 7, 54%). Of 45 parents, 23 (51%) were non-White, whereas only 4 of 13 clinicians (31%) were non-White. Mean perceived similarity score was 21.7 for parents (range, 10-24) and 18.2 for surgeons (range, 10-24). There was no difference in parent-perceived similarity based on race (White vs non-White parents, mean [SD] = 22.3 [3.4] vs 21.1 [3.0]; P = .26). Surgeons perceived greater similarity with White parents (odds ratio = 4.78; 95% CI, 1.02-22.54; P = .04) and parents with higher income (odds ratio = 11.84; 95% CI, 1.32-106.04; P = .03). Greater perceived similarity by the surgeons was associated with more positive assessments of parent personality characteristics. Surgeons perceived similarity more commonly with White parents, while parents' perception of similarity to surgeons was uniform regardless of parent race. Elucidating biases of surgeons may help to tailor interventions promoting culturally competent, equitable communication and decision making for elective surgery.

MMPI-2-RF Profiles in Child Custody Litigants.

Background and Purpose: A psychological assessment of parents in post-divorce child custody disputes highlighted parents’ motivation to appear as adaptive and responsible caregivers. The study hypothesized that personality self-report measures completed by child custody litigants (CCLs) during a parental skills assessment would show underreporting, rendering the measures worthless. The study also analyzed gender differences in a CCL sample, general CCL profiles, and the implicit structure of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in the CCL sample. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 400 CCLs undergoing personality evaluation as part of a parenting skills assessment. The mean age of the 204 mothers was 41.31 years (SD = 6.6), with an overall range of 24–59 years. Mothers had a mean educational level of 14.48 years (SD = 3.2). The 196 fathers were aged 20–59 years (M = 42.31; SD = 7.8), with an average of 14.48 years (SD = 3.9) of education. The MMPI-2-RF was administered. To test the hypotheses, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and two-step cluster analyses were run. Results: CCL subjects reported higher scores in underreporting (L-r and K-r) and lower scores in overreporting [F-r, Fp-r, Fs-r, and response bias scale (RBS)] validity scales and restructured clinical (RC) scales, with the exception of RC2 and RC8. RC6 (Ideas of Persecution) was the most elevated. Intercorrelations within the RC scales significantly differed between CCL and normative samples. Women appeared deeply motivated to display a faking-good defensive profile, together with lower levels of cynicism and antisocial behaviors, compared to CCL men. Two-step cluster analyses identified three female CCL profiles and two male CCL profiles. Approximately 44% of the MMPI-2-RF profiles were deemed possibly underreporting and, for this reason, considered worthless. Discussion: The present study adds useful insight about which instruments are effective for assessing the personality characteristics of parents undergoing a parental skills assessment in the context of a child custody dispute. The results show that almost half of the MMPI-2-RF protocols in the CCL sample were worthless due to their demonstration of an underreporting attitude. This highlights the necessity to interpret CCL profiles in light of normative data collected specifically in a forensic setting and the need for new and promising methods of mainstreaming and administering the MMPI-2-RF.

The Early Growth and Development Study: A Dual-Family Adoption Study from Birth Through Adolescence.

The Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS) is a prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents and adopted children (n = 561 adoptees). The original sample has been expanded to include siblings of the EGDS adoptees who were reared by the birth mother and assessed beginning at age 7 years (n = 217 biological children), and additional siblings in both the birth and adoptive family homes, recruited when the adoptees were 8-15 years old (n = 823). The overall study aims are to examine how family, peer and contextual processes affect child and adolescent adjustment, and to examine their interplay (mediation, moderation) with genetic influences. Adoptive and birth parents were originally recruited through adoption agencies located throughout the USA following the birth of a child. Assessments are ongoing and occurred in 9 month's intervals until the adoptees turned 3 years of age, and in 1 to 2 year intervals thereafter through age 15. Data collection includes the following primary constructs: child temperament, behavior problems, mental health, peer relations, executive functioning, school performance and health; birth and adoptive parent personality characteristics, mental health, health, context, substance use, parenting and marital relations; and the prenatal environment. Findings highlight the power of the adoption design to detect environmental influences on child development and provide evidence of complex interactions and correlations between genetic, prenatal environmental and postnatal environmental influences on a range of child outcomes. The study sample, procedures and an overview of findings are summarized and ongoing assessment activities are described.

Parent\u2013Adolescent Conflict across Adolescence: Trajectories of Informant Discrepancies and Associations with Personality Types

Parent–adolescent conflict can be intense, yet parents and adolescents do not always agree on the intensity of conflict. Conflict intensity tends to change during adolescence and is thought to be an indicator of how the parent–adolescent relationship transforms. However, parents and adolescents might differently perceive change in conflict intensity, resulting in changing discrepancies in conflict intensity throughout adolescence. Also, personality characteristics of parents and adolescents might affect the extent to which there are discrepancies in perceptions of conflict intensity. This multi-informant longitudinal study investigated a) the trajectories of parent–adolescent conflict intensity, b) the trajectories of informant discrepancies, and c) the prediction of these trajectories by parental and adolescent personality. Dutch adolescents (N = 497, 43.1% female, Mage = 13.03 at T1), their mothers, and their fathers reported on parent–adolescent conflict intensity and personality for six years. Latent Growth Curve Modeling and Latent Congruence Modeling revealed curvilinear changes in conflict intensity, as well as in discrepancies thereof. Two cycles of discrepancies emerged. First, in early-to-middle-adolescence discrepancies in perceptions of parents and adolescents increased, reflecting that adolescents’ perceived conflict intensity increased. Second, in middle-to-late-adolescence, father–adolescent discrepancies increased further, reflecting that fathers’ perceptions of conflict decreased. Resilient adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported lower levels of conflict intensity than Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers, but personality was not associated with the rate of change in conflict intensity. Finally, undercontrolling fathers and overcontrolling adolescents showed higher father–adolescent discrepancies. This study showed that parents and adolescents differentially perceive conflict intensity and that in the adolescent–father relationship, the extent of the differences depends on adolescent and father personality.

Personality and subjective psychiatric symptoms of parents of obese youth: a controlled study

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between parental personality characteristics and psychiatric symptoms with childhood obesity.METHODS: This cross-sectiona...

The Role of Social Workers in the Family Reactions to the Mentally Handicapped Child

Child is mentally retarded, no doubt, cause of family issues and problems, especially if there are other children with normal intelligence. Responses of parents of retarded children are not the same and often related to retardation of the child’s intelligence, economic status, social and family, parental personality characteristics, the nature and quality of junior doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other factors. It is natural that a couple of his childhood going to have a mental picture of the future is born. In this image, the child’s cultural stereotype of perfection the child was healthy in every respect and consistent with other children and be successful in society to assume responsibilities should be observed. Expectations and aspirations of the existence of a retarded child create intense conflict. For the purpose of these examples of social entrepreneurs in the province, after studying the relevant literature and theory, four hypotheses were tested designs with appropriate statistical indicators. Four hypotheses examined the relationship between social capitals, corruption and drive the success of the entrepreneurial model. Showing results confirm that social factors – cultural and planning of these factors can play a decisive role in the growing trend of entrepreneurship game. This paper examines the role of entrepreneurship in the social workers with disabilities in Isfahan province; the aim of this study is to inform the community factors that influence entrepreneurship is disabled. This is both a positive and active. For this purpose, a sample of entrepreneurs related to this issue.

¿Cómo motivan los jueces la capacidad de los progenitores en las resoluciones judiciales?

An analysis of the Spanish judicial sentences (Arce, Fariña, & Seijo, 2005) in 2005 found that there was not legal reasoning in the decisions of courts and judges concerning litigant custody proceedings. A new law was promulgated on separation and divorce issues, Act 15/2005. Seven years after the promulgation of this law, an archival study of judicial reasoning was carried out to know its effects on sentencing. In this study, 468 custody litigant judicial sentences since 2005 were randomly selected –resulting in 71.5% custodies assigned to the mother and 22.5% to the father. A reliable and valid systematic content analysis identified the legal reasons for custody and their relation to parental gender. The study showed that all sentences were motivated. The most relevant reasons for custody assignation were the following: being primary caregiver, time availability, adverse events experienced by the child in his/her life with his or her parents, enhancing child's overall development and satisfaction of needs, extensive family support, better child's living conditions, and parental personality characteristics. Father custody assignment was associated with the three latter characteristics. Implications of results for forensic psychological evaluation of child custody are discussed.

The Early Growth and Development Study: a prospective adoption study from birth through middle childhood.

The Early Growth and Development Study is a prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children recruited in two cohorts (N = 561 triads). The primary study aims are to examine how family, peer, and contextual processes affect children's adjustment, and to examine their interplay (mediation, moderation) with genetic influences. Participants were recruited through adoption agencies located throughout the United States following the birth of a child. Assessments are ongoing, in 9-month intervals until the child reaches 3 years of age and in 1-year intervals thereafter through age 9. Data collection includes the following primary constructs: child temperament, social behavior, school performance, mental health, and health; birth and adoptive parent personality characteristics, mental health, competence, stress, health, context, substance use, parenting, and marital relations; and pregnancy use of drugs and maternal stress during pregnancy. DNA and salivary cortisol samples have also been collected. Analyses have indicated evidence for genotype-environment interactions during early childhood. Study procedures, sample representativeness (including tests of potential confounds in the adoption design), and an overview of findings to date are summarized, and future plans are described.

Predictors of Parental Communication and Cooperation Among Divorcing Spouses

The present study seeks to identify parental communication and cooperation as predictors of successful co-parenting in Israel during the divorce process. Self-report questionnaires assessing three types of predictors (parent personality characteristics, social and contextual factors and child characteristics) were completed by 123 divorcing mothers and 94 divorcing fathers. Two stepwise hierarchical regressions, one for parental communication and one for cooperation, showed that gender (female) and use of negotiation to resolve conflicts were the major predictors of both. These variables affected co-parenting both independently and in interaction with the personality characteristics of defense mechanism use and optimism. The differential contributions support the hypothesis of communication and cooperation as separate components of successful co-parenting, and the value of studying both. Clinically, these findings may be used to help improve co-parenting during divorce.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 부모에서 MMPI 특성

Objectives: The current study investigated the personality characteristics of parents of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), which is commonly used in clinical medicine. Methods: Participants were 117 parents of children with ADHD (96 boys and 21 girls) and 77 parents of comparison children (50 boys and 27 girls), who completed the Korean version of the MMPI. Results: The MMPI scores of the fathers of ADHD children were significantly higher on the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity-Femininity (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), and Psychasthenia (Pt) scales than the comparison group's were. In addition, the mothers of ADHD children had higher MMPI scores on the traits of Hypochondriasis (Hs), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), and Schizophrenia (Sc) than the comparisong roup had, but were not significantly higher. Conclusion: The fathers of ADHD children might be antisocial, irresolute, passive, paranoid, and anxious. In addition, mothers of ADHD children might have hypochondriacal, antisocial, and/or psychological confusional traits, but these were not be significantly high. These results suggest that the psychopathology of parents of ADHD children might correlate with their children's ADHD.

Socioeconomic and psychological variables as risk and protective factors for parental well‐being in families of children with intellectual disabilities

The first aim of the present study was to estimate the extent to which differences in well-being in parents of children with and without intellectual disability (ID) in Sweden can be accounted for by differences in the presence of the risk factors: (1) child disability; (2) socioeconomic disadvantage; (3) household composition; and (4) parental characteristics. The second aim was concerned with individual variation in well-being within the group of parents of children with ID. The aim was to estimate if protective factors such as parental personality characteristics (sense of coherence), perceived positive impact of the child and satisfaction with participation in different arenas of life explained variation in well-being in mothers and fathers of children with ID over and above that explained by the risk factors. Parents of children with ID (62 mothers and 49 fathers) and control children (183 mothers and 141 fathers) completed postal surveys on well-being, socioeconomic situation, health, sense of coherence, satisfaction with participation in different arenas of life and the child's impact on the family. The results showed that mothers of children with ID had lower levels of well-being than fathers and control parents, but the presence of a child with ID did not in itself predict poorer maternal well-being. Rather, differences in economic hardship and self-rated health were the strongest predictors for well-being. It was further found that 67.7% of the mothers of children with ID scored within the high well-being group. The predictive power of the model increased significantly for both fathers and mothers when protective factors were added to the model (42 and 78% explained variance compared with 25% with only risk factors). Well-being of parents with a child with ID is dependent upon the interplay of risk and protective factors and research needs to address these variables simultaneously.

Exploring Sociodemographic and Personality Characteristic Predictors of Parental Pain Perceptions

We studied the relationship between children's and parents' sociodemographic and personality characteristics and parents' perceptions of their children's pain. One-hundred-ten parents of children undergoing surgery completed measures of pain perception (e.g., Medication Attitude Questionnaire; MAQ) and parent and child personality characteristics (e.g., Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to experience Five-Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI). Factor analysis and logistic regression models were developed. In terms of pain medication perceptions (MAQ), descriptive analysis showed that more than 70% of parents feared side effects of analgesia, 43% thought analgesics were addictive, and 37% thought that the less often children receive analgesia, the better it worked. Factor analyses of the MAQ revealed a three factor solution explaining 52% of the variance in parental pain medication perceptions. Conceptually, these factors represented Appropriate Use Attitude of Analgesics, Concerns about Side Effects, and Avoidance of Analgesia. Stepwise regression models were used to identify predictors of parents' scores on each of the three factors. Results indicated that less educated parents and parents of more sociable and more reactive children were more likely to indicate that they would avoid giving analgesia (Avoidance factor; P < 0.001). Parents with higher conscientiousness scores (NEO-FFI) and those with more impulsive children were more likely to perceive that analgesia was appropriate to use for child pain (Appropriate Use Attitude factor; P < 0.001). We conclude that many parents have misconceptions of pain and analgesics, and that child and parent personality characteristics can be used to identify parents at risk of these misconceptions.

The Early Growth and Development Study: A Prospective Adoption Design

The Early Growth and Development Study is a prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children (N=359 triads) that was initiated in 2003. The primary study aims are to examine how family processes mediate or moderate the expression of genetic influences in order to aid in the identification of specific family processes that could serve as malleable targets for intervention. Participants in the study are recruited through adoption agencies located throughout the United States, following the birth of a child. Assessments occur at 6-month intervals until the child reaches 3 years of age. Data collection includes the following primary constructs: infant and toddler temperament, social behavior, and health; birth and adoptive parent personality characteristics, psychopathology, competence, stress, and substance use; adoptive parenting and marital relations; and prenatal exposure to drugs and maternal stress. Preliminary analyses suggest the representativeness of the sample and minimal confounding effects of current trends in adoption practices, including openness and selective placement. Future plans are described.

The moderating effect of extraversion on the relation between self-reported and observed parenting

The present study examined multiple measures of parenting (i.e., nurturance reported by parents themselves, child-centered behavior rated by trained observers, and child-reported parenting and family atmosphere) and their association with parents' personality trait of extraversion ( E). The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development and it concerned 106 families with school-aged children (8–13 years of age). Data on parenting were collected from parents (54 mothers and 52 fathers) and children (48 girls and 58 boys) through questionnaires; in addition, behavioral observations were conducted to measure parent–child interaction. The results showed that, among parents who judged themselves to be highly nurturant, mothers were observed to be highly child-centered, if they were extraverted, whereas fathers were observed to be highly child-centered, if they were introverted. When the children's views about parenting and family atmosphere were examined, parents' introversion was related to a more favorable family environment. The results suggest that the data collection method and the information about parental personality characteristics should be considered in seeking to determine the quality of parenting.

Parent and Child Similarities in Divorcing and Non-Divorcing Families

It is frequently assumed that the model of their parents' marriage exerts a significant influence on the next generation, but little has been done to examine the part played by personality characteristics of parents and children. This longitudinal study examines the relative contribution of parental divorce, parents' marital (dyadic) satisfaction, conflict resolution style and selected personality qualities on children's personality qualities and self-image as adolescents and adults, and their dyadic satisfaction and conflict resolution style as adults. The samples were 67 adolescents from divorcing and intact families and their parents. Parents and children were interviewed when the children were aged 13-16, and the divorcing families were at the point of divorce. The children were followed up over 10 years until aged 23-26. At Year 1 the parents completed the anxiety, depression, sensitivity and submissiveness scales of the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (NSQ), the Spanier Dyadic Satisfaction Scale, and a conflict resolution scale, and made an appraisal of their children's socio-emotional maturity. Adolescents also completed the NSQ and a measure of self-image (Offer Self-Image Questionnaire: OSIQ). Ten years later the children again completed the NSQ and the OSIQ, and those who were currently in a dyadic relationship completed the Spanier and the conflict resolution scales. There were no differences on any measures between the children from divorced and intact homes. Husbands and wives were in reasonable agreement about their dyadic satisfaction and conflict resolution style, but no relationship was found between these and the corresponding self-reports of their adult children. Over the ten years of the study, mother and father depression predicted child depression, mothers' sensitivity predicted childrens' (and especially daughters') sensitivity, and fathers' lack of sensitivity predicted sons' submissiveness. The parents' appraisal of their adolescents' socio-emotional maturity at Year 1 predicted their children's self-image at Years 1 and 10, and their conflict resolution at Year 10; while self-image at Year 10 predicted contemporary Spanier scores. The findings are discussed in the light of current debates on the contribution of personality qualities to divorce and its sequelae for children.

Parental Dissatisfaction with Sons in Substance Abusing Families: Relationship to Child and Parent Dysfunction

Considerable attention has focused on the role of family dysfunction in the development of adolescent substance abuse, particularly in families where a parent has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. This study examined parental reports of dissatisfaction with 41 boys (ages 10-12) of fathers with a history of substance abuse (SA+) and 68 boys of fathers without such a history (SA-). Higher dissatisfaction ratings by both mothers and fathers were found in the SASA+ group in contrast to the SA- group. Both child externalizing behavior problems and parental personality characteristics were correlated with dissatisfaction. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that father's negative affectivity, followed by externalizing symptoms in the boys, were most predictive of dissatisfaction in both mothers and fathers. The implications of these results for an understanding of the adverse family context of substance abuse are discussed.

Toward a causal typology of child neglect

This article represents part of the authors' ongoing review of research concerning the whole range of child maltreatment, including physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. The typology presented in this article includes the following categories: physical neglect; developmental neglect; and emotional neglect, which is divided into a general type and nonorganic failure-to-thrive. Within this typology, the authors examine the research literature to discover relationships between each type of neglect and etiological factors, including: Stressors; cultural patterns or beliefs; lack of skills or supports; problems in family roles or relationships; and personality characteristics of parents and adult caretakers.

Personality Characteristics of Parents of Male Narcotic Dependant Patients: A Preliminary Investigation of the Narcotic Family

Personality Characteristics of Parents of Male Narcotic Dependant Patients: A Preliminary Investigation of the Narcotic Family