Parasitic Disease Of Poultry Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ СПЕКТРА ПАТОГЕНОВ ПАРАЗИТАРНОЙ, БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ И ВИРУСНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПТИЦЕВОДСТВЕ. ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ

Practical experience in diagnosing infectious and parasitic diseases of poultry is presented using the example of an industrial flock of laying hens kept on the territory of a poultry farm. An assessment is made of the spectrum of pathogens of parasitic, bacterial and viral etiology circulating in a particular poultry farm. Clinical, pathological, parasitological and serological studies were carried out on samples of material taken from the poultry population. The immune status of the chicken population was monitored in relation to pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases and the effectiveness of specific prevention against infectious and parasitic diseases in poultry was analyzed.

A case study of histomoniasis in fattening turkeys identified in histopathological investigations

Histomoniasis is a parasitic disease of poultry with worldwide prevalence, having significant negative impacts on infected turkey health and welfare. A total of 53,000 male fattening turkeys (British United Turkeys, BUT6) of 140-day-old were admitted to the slaughterhouse in central Ukraine. No clinical signs were reported in the turkeys during the production cycle. Slaughtering of the turkeys revealed enlargement of the livers, most of which had a greenish color with alterations in the hepatic tissues (fibrosis). No other gross lesions were noted in other organs of the slaughtered birds. Fresh liver tissues were submitted to the laboratory to measure the concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc to detect possible intoxication and/or differential diagnosis. The concentrations of measured heavy metals in the affected liver tissues were within the recommended normal ranges. Histological examination revealed microscopically proliferative changes in liver sections in different turkeys. Suspected tissue sections were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff and found positive for Histomonas meleagridis trophozoites. Overall, macroscopical or microscopical examinations of turkey livers are essential to confirm infection with histomonads, even if the clinical signs are unapparent. As outbreaks of histomoniasis in turkey focks are increasing approaches to prevent and treat histomoniasis are urgently needed.

Infectious and parasitic diseases of poultry in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In Ethiopia, poultry production is an important source of domestic food and nutrition security while providing income for nearly 80% of Ethiopians. However, several infectious and parasitic diseases hamper poultry production. To date, evidence on the nationwide burden of specific diseases has not been collated to inform targeting of poultry health interventions. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize and analyze the literature on poultry diseases since 2000. A detailed systematic review protocol was designed according to Cochrane collaboration, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. The review revealed that 14 infectious and parasitic diseases of poultry were reported in 110 published studies from 2000 to 2017, and 81.82% (90/110) of the studies covered 6 diseases: Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian coccidiosis, helminth infestation, ecto-parasite infestation, and Salmonella infection. The pooled prevalence estimates of ND and IBD were 44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27 to 63) and 41% (95% CI: 23 to 60), respectively. Among the parasitic diseases, avian coccidiosis, helminth infestation, and ecto-parasite infestation had estimated pooled prevalences of 37% (95% CI: 30 to 44), 62% (95% CI: 45 to 78), and 50% (95% CI: 33 to 68), respectively. The pooled prevalence estimate of Salmonella infection was found to be 51% (95% CI: 32 to 70). Most of the studies were conducted in central Ethiopia, in the State of Oromia, and focused on extensive farming systems. While the number of studies was low, the overall trend of disease reporting in the literature is increasing (Y = 0.99X-3.34). In conclusion, the high-pooled prevalence estimates of diseases and the scarcity of reported data for all of Ethiopia indicate an important data gap on infectious-disease distribution in the country. While the high-pooled prevalence points towards the need for intervention to control poultry diseases, there is also a need to ensure all diseases that result in production losses and public health risks are studied appropriately in all Ethiopian production systems.

Comparative efficacy of various feed additives on the resistance of broilers to experimentally-induced caecal coccidiosis

Summary Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of poultry that results in an increased morbidity and mortality. The resistance against coccidial drugs has urged the researchers to explore alternatives for disease control. Here, the effects of a prebiotic (Mannan-oligosaccharides), a probiotic mixture, neem ( Azadirachta indica) fruit powder and a commercial coccidiostat (diclazuril) were compared after coccidial infection in broiler chickens. A total of 250 day-old chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, which were fed on basal diet (control group), basal diet + 0.5% diclazuril (diclazuril group), basal diet + 0.1% probiotic (probiotic group), basal diet + 0.1% Mannan-oligosaccharides (prebiotic group) and basal diet + 0.3% neem fruit powder (neem group). on d 14 of the study, each bird was challenged with 10 4 viable sporulated E. tenella oocysts. The performance of broilers, oocyst per g (OPG) of faeces and caecal lesion score were determined.

DNA Vaccination in Chickens.

Robust and sustainable development of poultry industry requires prevention of deadly infectious diseases. Vigorous vaccination of the birds is a routine practice; however, the live and inactivated vaccines that are used have inherent disadvantages. New-generation vaccines such as DNA vaccines offer several advantages over conventional vaccines. DNA vaccines, which encode an antigen of interest or multiple antigens in the target host, are stable, easy to produce and administer, do not require cold chain maintenance, and are not affected by the maternal antibodies. In addition, DNA vaccines can also be administered in ovo, and thus, mass vaccination and early induction of immune response can effectively be achieved. In this chapter, we focus on the development of DNA vaccines against important infectious viral as well as parasitic diseases of poultry.

Cytotoxic effects of crude soluble antigen of Eimeria tenella on cultured cells

Coccidiosis is a common intestinal parasitic disease of poultry caused by species of the genus Eimeria. It causes severe economic losses and welfare issues. In this study we investigated the possible cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the crude soluble antigen (CSA) of Eimeria tenella oocysts on cultured African green monkey cell line (Vero) cells. CSA was prepared from E. tenella oocysts and incubated with cultured cells for two hours. Cytotoxic and genotoxic damages were then quantified using a trypan blue exclusion assay and the comet assay, respectively. The results indicated that exposure to CSA of E. tenella oocysts induces a significant degree of cytotoxicity with tentative evidence of genotoxicity in cultured Vero cells.

The History of Avian Medicine in the United States IV. Some Milestones in American Research on Poultry Parasites

Most of the major contributions of Americans to knowledge of poultry parasites have been made in the last 100 years. Factors responsible for this tardiness differed somewhat according to the disease. The first parasitic diseases to receive attention were usually those with distinctive characteristics as well as serious consequences, such as "gapes" and lousiness. Since helminths could usually be readily observed, whereas protozoa could be observed only by persons skilled in microscopy, disorders attributable to the former usually received attention earlier than did protozoan diseases. The control of ectoparasites, before the use of modern insecticides, became vastly simplified as mechanical incubators and brooders replaced the hen, and as the birds were provided with better housing. The major contributions of Americans to our understanding of parasitic diseases of poultry are detailed for five disorders attributable to helminths, and two attributable to protozoa. The latter are histomoniasis of turkeys and coccidiosis of chickens. No attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of contemporary research.

Official Report of the National Poultry Conference held at Reading in July 1899

THE conference of which this is a report was the first of its kind held in this country, and its success should lead to other similar meetings. The report shows that most of the papers were of a scientific character, and its publication should extend the knowledge of the principles which lead to successful poultry-farming. Among the subjects dealt with are: the science and practice of farm poultry keeping, the parasitic diseases of poultry, and the assistance afforded by science in the production of eggs and poultry. There will be hope for British agriculture when the spirit which pervades these papers guides the operations of all who are concerned with rural industries.

The parasitic diseases of poultry. London : Gurney & Jackson, 1896.

The parasitic diseases of poultry. London : Gurney & Jackson, 1896.

The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry

The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry