Parametric Design Systems Research Articles

A review of parametric clothing pattern CAD software methodology

PurposeThe main issue in the mass customization of apparel products is how to efficiently produce products of various sizes. A parametric pattern-making system is one of the notable ways to rectify this issue, but there is a lack of information on the parametric design itself and its application to the apparel industry. This study compares and analyzes three types of parametric clothing pattern CAD (P-CAD) software currently in use to identify the characteristics of each, and suggest a basic guideline for efficient and adaptable P-CAD software in the apparel industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study compared three different types of P-CAD software with different characteristics: SuperALPHA: PLUS(as known as YUKA), GRAFIS and Seamly2D. The authors analyzed the types and management methodologies of each software, according to the three essential components that refer to previous studies about parametric design systems: entities, constraints and parameters.FindingsThe results demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of methodology in terms of three essential components of each software. Based on the results, the authors proposed five strategies for P-CAD development that can be applied to the mass customization of clothing.Originality/valueThis study is meaningful in that it consolidates and organizes information about P-CAD software that has previously been scattered. The framework used in this study has an academic value suggesting guidelines to analyze P-CAD systems.

Разработка математической модели микромеханического датчика инерциальной информации

Creating an integrated system of orientation and navigation of small spacecraft based on precision sensors of inertial and external information is an urgent task for the space industry. The object of research is a micromechanical gyroscope (MMG) with a gimbal suspension of a sensitive element. The problem of increasing the accuracy of the MMG by building a new mathematical model of the sensor accurate enough to take into account the influence of technological errors of manufacturing and nonlinear nonstationary effects associated with finite oscillations of a sensitive element and slow change in system parameters. To build a digital model of the micromechanical inertial information sensor, parametric design systems have been applied enabling a full cycle of design documentation creation and calculations. The parametric calculations of the structural scheme were used to analyze the stress-strain state of mechanical elements under various external influences including extreme overloads. The obtained mathematical model was supplemented by analytical methods of nonlinear mechanics, which allow taking into account the influence of finite vibrations of structural elements on the dynamics and accuracy of measurements of angular motion of the gyroscope base. The results of bench experimental tests of sensors carried out to check the adequacy of the developed numerical mathematical model are discussed.

Основы твердотельного проектирования в САПР в обучении

The paper considers the problem of teaching 3D solid modeling in the parametric computer-aided design systems when training students and specialists who need proper occupational study. The author describes the importance of this design method for the production tasks and the problems related to the lack of algorithmization tools of such training. The author proposes using two interrelated techniques: solid geometry modeling and teaching this kind of design. To solve the development task of the first technique, the author proposes to supplement the solid modeling terminology in Russian and formalize the features of solid geometry decomposition. The paper introduces three ways of solid decomposition based on the criteria of the sketch form and specification tree. The author proposes a design technique algorithm consisting of two stages. Each stage is divided into four steps, and the features of some steps are described. Further, the author presents the technique of teaching solid modeling. This technique is based on the frequency of using solid primitives and the necessity to develop tasks for students depending on this frequency. The author identifies the main skill to be mastered by the students. The technique introduces the ways of solving problems faced by students and engineers during solid modeling. The author proposes the distribution of hours for training basic concepts of solid modeling. The paper presents the teaching technique implementation in the existing higher school educational programs and proposes its deployment to the related areas of design.

Un’azione del progetto nello State-building del Kosovo alcune esplorazioni grafiche

In its current configuration, Prishtina, like the whole Kosovo, represents an ecosystem which is hostile to the design practice, especially with regards to a critical architectural approach. The institutions, still facing the complex State-building processes, were not able to positively affect the current deficient regulatory framework, which contributes to the marginalization of the designer.In a context of sublegal customs and controversial systems of contracts awarding, far from the diffusion of parametric design systems, the challenge for the architects could be to conceive every accidental design occasion as a chance to contribute to a recoding, through new forms of knowledge production.Moving from the temporary intervention The Yellow Pavilion, designed by the young firm Architecture for Humans, this visual essay explores ways of graphic systematization of the design process data. The installation hosted in Prishtina in May 2019 is used here instrumentally for a speculative hypothesis to define a new tool to support the empowerment of local designers.

Wooden Structures within the Context of Parametric Design: Pavilions and Seatings in Urban Landscape

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was made to reach conclusions through analyses conducted by examining parametric wooden designed pavilion and seating element specimens applied in various regions of the world.

Wooden Structures within the Context of Parametric Design: Pavilions and Seatings in Urban Landscape

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was made to reach conclusions through analyses conducted by examining parametric wooden designed pavilion and seating element specimens applied in various regions of the world.Â

Wooden Structures within the Context of Parametric Design: Pavilions and Seatings in Urban Landscape

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was made to reach conclusions through analyses conducted by examining parametric wooden designed pavilion and seating element specimens applied in various regions of the world.

Comparative evaluation of parametric design systems for teaching design computation

Three parametric design systems were tested by the authors to assess their suitability for undergraduate teaching. We used criteria taken from the ‘cognitive dimensions’ literature and an exercise of typical geometric operations in ascending order of complexity. For each system the cognitive barriers associated with the sequence of operations were plotted to create a ‘learning curve’. Different parametric systems presented distinctly different learning curves. The test exercise had to be completed in its entirety to assess the potential challenges which students with different educational levels, skills and abilities might encounter, so a single expert user conducted the tests. This research is intended to develop methods, both design exercises and evaluative criteria that could be used in future empirical studies.

Abstraction versus Case Based: A Comparative Study of Two Approaches to Support Parametric Design

We describe an experimental study testing the reuse of design knowledge as a method to support learning and use of parametric design in architecture. The use of parametric design systems and programming environments offer architects new opportunities, providing a powerful means to create geometries and allowing dynamic design exploration, but it can also impose substantial challenges. The proposition tested in this study is that the reuse of design knowledge can improve architects' ability to use parametric modelling, and reduce the barriers to using programming in a design context. The paper explores and compares two approaches as a means of accessing and reusing existing design solutions: the reuse of abstract parametric ‘Design Patterns' [1]; and secondly the reuse of parametric solutions from specific design cases (Case-Based Design). This paper outlines the principles and methods of ‘abstract' versus ‘case-based’ approaches to reuse parametric solutions; and focuses on the results of their practical implementation through the statistical analysis of a comparative study involving 126 designers. In conclusion, it is proposed the outcomes from this study can be applied to inform the methodology for introducing parametric design in architecture and design disciplines.

Exchange of Parametric Bridge Models Using a Neutral Data Format

Parametric modeling is a well-established methodology in the field of mechanical engineering. It allows for the creation of flexible geometric models using parameters for dimensions and makes it possible to define numeric relationships between these parameters by means of mathematical formulas and define geometric-topological constraints between geometric entities. The result is a flexible geometric model that can be steered through the manipulation of its primary parameters. In contrast to explicit geometric models with fixed dimensions, a parametric model can capture the design intent and represent domain knowledge. The use of parametric modeling techniques is particularly beneficial for designing bridges. This is because the geometric design of bridges is mainly determined by external constraints resulting from the size and the layout of both the overlying and the undercrossing carriageway. This reduces the effort required for reworking when changes are made, while simultaneously providing a high degree of reusability for the model in other, similar projects, resulting in significantly increased efficiency in the bridge design process. Because of the strong fragmentation of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, the data exchange between the different participants in a construction project is of crucial importance. The use of neutral, open data formats has proved to be the most suitable approach to realize this data exchange. However, currently existing neutral data formats do not allow for an exchange of parametric geometry. To overcome these technical limitations, this paper introduces an extension to the IFC-Bridge format, thus providing a means of interchanging parametric bridge models. This article describes in detail the necessary entities introduced to define parameters and capture dimensional and geometric constraints. The suitability of the developed extensions is proved by presenting the successful transfer of parametric bridge models between two parametric design systems as well as from a design system to a structural analysis system.

ViSA: A Parametric Design Modeling Method to Enhance Visual Sensitivity Control and Analysis

The ability of parametric computer-aided design systems to generate models rapidly enables designers to explore the downstream impacts of changes to key design parameters. However, the typical modeling functions provided in the parametric systems can become insufficient when such exploration is needed for increasingly complex parametric design models. Main challenges for exploration that we observed are control and analysis of changes on the design model and in particular, when they are introduced continuously. The system interfaces and the human-visual perception system alleviate these challenges. In this study, we demonstrate ViSA, a Visual Sensitivity Analysis method that aims to make the effects of change within a parametric model controllable, measurable and apparent for designers. The approach aims to improve visually analyzing the sensitivity of a design model to planned parametric changes. The method proposes customizable control and visualization features in the model that are decoupled from each other at the design level, while providing interfaces between them through parametric associations. We present findings from our case studies in addition to the results of a user study demonstrating the applicability and limitations of the proposed method.

Parametricism: A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design

AbstractThough parametricism has its roots in the digital animation techniques of the mid‐1990s, it has only fully emerged in recent years with the development of advanced parametric design systems. Patrik Schumacher explains why parametricism has become the dominant, single style for avant‐garde practice today and why it is particularly suited to large‐scale urbanism as exemplified by a series of competition‐winning masterplans by Zaha Hadid Architects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Geometry-based semantic ID for persistent and interoperable reference in feature-based parametric modeling

In current feature-based parametric design systems, the reusability principle is not fully supported as it was expected. Unpredictability and ambiguity of models often happen during design modification within one system as well as among different systems. This reference deficiency significantly reduces the power of feature-based parametric modeling, where geometry re-evaluation generates unexpected shapes. In this paper, a sufficient condition of B-Rep variance based on geometry continuity in parametric complex Euclidean ( P p C 3) space is proposed. Shape and relation parameters are differentiated in P p C 3, thus parametric family can be defined. A semantic id scheme based on continuity of geometry is developed to solve the problem of naming persistency and to improve interoperability of CAD feature modeling. Hierarchical namespaces localize entity creation and identification. All geometric and topological entities are referred uniformly based on surface ids, and topology semantics is retained in id itself.

Parametric 3D modeling in building construction with examples from precast concrete

Buildings are complex products containing relatively large numbers of distinct parts that are collected in multiple assemblies for different design, analysis and production purposes. Modeling buildings in fully parametric 3D computer-aided design (CAD) systems offers numerous benefits in terms of productivity, the ability to rapidly generate design alternatives at different levels and elimination of errors that result from the disparity between different drawings in current practice. However, full realization of these benefits requires specialized functionality, including top-down modeling, objects with functional behavior, the ability to embed contextual design intent, automation of layout and detailing and appropriate management of similar objects. An effective system must provide such functionality while maintaining adequate response times. The requirements, features and performance have been examined as part of specification of a new 3D parametric CAD platform for the North American Precast Concrete Software Consortium (PCSC). They are described and discussed after a review of solid and parametric modeling, with examples from the domain of precast concrete construction.