Parametric Design Methodology Research Articles

Parametric design methodology for yoke-magnetization in magnetic flux leakage detection systems

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely employed non-destructive testing (NDT) method, particularly for ferromagnetic materials. This paper proposes a systematic design procedure for the yoke-magnetization component in MFL systems utilizing permanent magnets. The dimensions of the yoke-magnetization are parameterized, and the design methodology is formulated in the form of analytical equations based on fundamental engineering principles and optimization techniques. The proposed design procedure outlines all the required parameters and metrics to establish a yoke-magnetization configuration tailored for a specified application, thereby facilitating scalability. The theoretical framework identifies the optimal operating point that maximizes leakage flux while minimizing the magnetic field amplitude. A genetic algorithm is employed to minimize the dimensions of the permanent magnets while maintaining a sufficient magnetic field strength for specimen magnetization. An experimental setup is constructed to validate the accuracy of the proposed design procedure. The experimental results exhibit consistency with finite element method (FEM) simulations conducted using a case study. Specifically, the findings reveal that the thickness of the magnetic bridge significantly impacts the leakage fluxes at defect sites within the specimen. When the thickness of the magnetic bridge is 10 mm, slightly smaller than the optimal thickness of approximately 11 mm, the leakage flux at the defect site leaks out towards the surrounding air insignificantly. In contrast, a thickness of 15 mm is observed to strongly improve the leakage flux at the defect site.

Low-velocity impact analysis and multi-objective optimization of hybrid carbon/basalt fibre reinforced composite laminate

Three-dimensional in-plane progressive damage model was developed for carbon/basalt fibre interlayer hybrid composites in this study, and cohesive element model was employed to simulate interlaminar damage. Numerical simulation of low-velocity progressive impact damage of hybrid composite laminate was carried out, and its accuracy was verified by physical impact test, with the maximum error of the maximum contact force, maximum displacement and energy absorption not exceeding 6.1% and the maximum error in damage area size within 4.8%. The effects of lay-up structure and angle on the impact properties of hybrid laminate were investigated through simulation. Finally, real number coding strategy was proposed for the parametric representation of the lay-up material and angle of each layer. Multi-objective optimization of hybrid laminate based on Kriging surrogate model and hybrid algorithm composed of elitist non-dominated sorting genetic (NSGA2) algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm (MPSO) algorithm was conducted. The optimal trade-off solution was selected from the Pareto solutions using technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The coefficient of variance between peak force and maximum displacement of the optimized laminate was 49.3%, 44.9% and 31.4% lower than those of the pure CFRP laminate, pure BFRP laminate, and hybrid laminate before optimization, respectively, indicating that the balance degree of impact displacement and force has been substantially improved. The progressive impact damage simulation and parametric optimization design methodology proposed in this study provide useful guidance for the design of hybrid composite laminate.

PARAMETRIC MODELING AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN GRAPHIC DESIGN

Purpose. The article focuses on exploring the possibilities and strategies of innovative integration of parametricism into the field of graphic design and analyzing the main problems and potential solutions in using parametric design in creating graphic objects. Methodology. According to the research topic, the methods employed include comparative study, theoretical analysis, and synthesis. Results. The article discusses the definitions and characteristics of parametric design, examines its applications for optimizing design thinking and creating personalized objects. Various levels of innovative implementations are presented, offering several strategies for integrating parametric modeling into graphic design, including visual element generation, layout optimization, design interactivity enhancement, and data visualization in personalized design. Additionally, integration challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies are discussed. Scientific novelty. The article analyzes various levels and effective strategies for applying parametric modeling in the field of graphic design, exploring current aspects of interaction that are innovative and emphasizing the importance of utilizing parametric design methodology, artificial intelligence, and computational design in the paradigm of contemporary graphic design. Practical significance. The materials presented in the article can be utilized for investigating the innovative application of digital design, parametric design, and artificial intelligence in the field of graphic design.

Parametric Generation of Small Ship Hulls with CAD Software

CAD software is a daily tool in ship design offices and shipyards, and every software uses NURBS or B-splines curves and surfaces as common foundations. The CAD tools of today are not static software products and most of them now include parametric design modules, which enable users to change the shape of an object based on its key geometric feature parameters with the use of sliders or equivalent controls. Although B-spline techniques are commonly applied to the representation of the ship hull curves and surfaces, the parametric deformation of the hull surfaces based on geometric parameters is less used. This paper presents a methodology to define the parametric definition of a ship hull with the use of a standard and non-specialized CAD software that is of common use in the ship design offices and universities: Rhinoceros. The presented parametric design methodology will use specific ship hull parameters or feature parameters with a clear geometric meaning, such as displacement, waterplane area, LCB, and LCF, together with the properties of the B-spline curves and the power of Grasshopper, the parametric design tool inside Rhinoceros, to create parametric ship hulls.

Parametric Urban optimization by balancing energy performance and environmental quality applied to Residential Buildings in four different climates in Morocco

As a developing country, Morocco has maintained the same definition for social housing in the past decades. A definition where housing affordability triumphs over efficiency in both the building and exploitation phases. This paper aims to put together a rational design approach to minimize energy demands in social housing residential complexes. Thus, the project aims to improve on the quality of the subsidized social houses in the country. The analysis focuses on 4 thermal zones of the national thermal map, by working on 4 cities which are Agadir, Driouch, Marrakech and Meknes. Our main objective is to explore the trade-offs of different urban distributions on the overall energy performance in a residential complex. Henceforth, this approach puts together a parametric design methodology which allows automating the process of thermal and lighting simulation, using Grasshopper. The approach resulted in a total number of 5 994 iterations for each of the chosen regions of analysis. The project therefore explored the impact of chosen discrete values of various factors (Building Typology, Orientation, distance between buildings, Window/Wall Ratio) on the overall energy consumption and the natural light performance, by evaluating annual energy consumption, Monthly Load Matching Index, LMI, and Spatial Daylight Autonomy, SDa.

Parametric Design of Hip Implant With Gradient Porous Structure.

Patients who has been implanted with hip implant usually undergo revision surgery. The reason is that high stiff implants would cause non-physiological distribution loadings, which is also known as stress shielding, and finally lead to bone loss and aseptic loosening. Titanium implants are widely used in human bone tissues; however, the subsequent elastic modulus mismatch problem has become increasingly serious, and can lead to stress-shielding effects. This study aimed to develop a parametric design methodology of porous titanium alloy hip implant with gradient elastic modulus, and mitigate the stress-shielding effect. Four independent adjustable dimensions of the porous structure were parametrically designed, and the Kriging algorithm was used to establish the mapping relationship between the four adjustable dimensions and the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and elastic modulus. Moreover, the equivalent stress on the surface of the femur was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal gradient elastic modulus of the implant was obtained. Finally, through the Kriging approximation model and optimization results of the finite element method, the dimensions of each segment of the porous structure that could effectively mitigate the stress-shielding effect were determined. Experimental results demonstrated that the parameterized design method of the porous implant with gradient elastic modulus proposed in this study increased the strain value on the femoral surface by 17.1% on average. Consequently, the stress-shielding effect of the femoral tissue induced by the titanium alloy implant was effectively mitigated.

Automated sizing of automotive steering ball joints in parametric CAD environment using expert knowledge and feature-based computer-assisted 3D modelling

Ball joints used in the steering systems of vehicles are exposed to fluctuating loads, which can cause fatal accidents in case of failure. The design of ball joints is an iterative and time-consuming process. Even though the automotive industry is preparing for the era of autonomous self-steering vehicles, parts such as ball joints were not designed using a fully automated parametric design methodology. Recently, parametric design of automotive ball joints based on variable design methodology using knowledge and feature-based computer-assisted-3D modelling methods was studied. However, these studies do not give details of the interactive sizing process within the part and assembly module to determine the final dimensions for avoidance of fatigue failure.This work provides methods and discusses details of the configurable sizing of a ball joint assembly under the boundaries of the developed “parametric design platform”. The platform closes the software gap for the automated reconfiguration and sizing of the ball joint assembly using a three-dimensional (3D) modelling technique. The platform can parametrically change part, material, feature, geometry, assembly and dimension features in a programmable environment. It can also reconfigure the ball joint assembly model considering various structured data conforming to technical standards and reasoning mechanisms with “engineering and geometrical relations” provided in this work, and data gathering along the life cycle of a product. Parameterised 3D solid models and a knowledge base of ball joints are stored in a database, and then an evaluation process within the platform that is capable of sizing ball joints for infinite fatigue-life has been established to verify sizing. It demonstrates the practicability and validity of the automated sizing of a steering ball joint within a configurable design environment and with minimum human expert knowledge and interaction.

Architectural and Landscape Garden Planning Integrated with Artificial Intelligence Parametric Analysis

Parametric design, driven by digital technology, has sparked extensive research and debate in the domains of architecture and urban planning, offering a new approach to issue solving. Architecture and landscape architecture, like architecture and urban planning, are disciplines that are part of the artificial environment. Architectural landscape design has begun to be influenced by parametric design. This study presents a more technical parametric design technique of architectural landscape design that involves artificial intelligence parametric analysis and proposes an architectural landscape planning and design method that incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) parametric analysis. This is a new discipline of concurrent design that complements and expands architectural landscape design methodologies and is based on artificial intelligence methods. This study integrates artificial intelligence parametric design theory and methodology into architectural landscape design and presents a parametric method appropriate for landscape architecture design based on architectural landscape architecture characteristics.

Three-Dimensional Printing Fashion Product Design with Emotional Durability Based on Korean Aesthetics

Given the potentially significant environmental impacts of fashion design, various design approaches are required to extend product lifespan. Digital design methods may play an essential role in reducing the environmental impact of products and production processes. In addition, a design approach inspired by nature, where humans have long lived, is valid for sustainable design innovation. The purpose of this study is to examine the aesthetics of Koreans, who prefer nature, and to find a sustainable fashion design approach by using it as a knowledge database. In this study, a parametric design methodology that can reflect knowledge-based data in the process of producing 3D printing sustainable fashion products, considering the emotional durability of consumers, was used. The study results are as follows. From the aesthetic point of view of Korea, sustainable design characteristics represent unique Korean folk art, resilience to nature, and simplicity that resembles nature. The properties of the form represented to “forms resembling nature”, “changeable forms”, “organic forms”, and “minimal forms”. Materials were “nature inspired textures”, “rustic natural materials”, and “regional materials”. Colors were “the colors of nature” and “indigenous colors”. The parametric controls variables used for 3D printing the fashion products were size, assembly style, and sustainable material. These control parameters were used to create designs according to the individual taste of users. In the 3D printing fashion product design process, pieces were printed in different shapes and sizes by controlling the parameters to create designs according to users’ tastes and Korean aesthetics. It was determined that this process could extend the lifespan of products, and that it is possible to modify sustainable fashion products according to personal taste by adjusting numerical values and extracting visual images based on knowledge of art and culture.

SPACES TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INDICATORS

The research deals with studying the indicators of environmental quality of life and focusing on thermal comfort as one of the most important indicators that have a direct impact on the urban formation in urban spaces. By examining the role, it plays in achieving thermal comfort at peak summer times as one of the most difficult days of the year for vacuum users in terms of feeling comfortable and satisfied. Where four main elements were identified as being the most influential in the urban form of the space, (dimensions of space - materials - green spaces, trees and water elements - orientation). A model of urban space was chosen and tested within a measurement matrix linking the four climatic elements that control the results of the comfort index. The study relied on the measurement method on the use of digital modeling through one of the simulation programs, and ENVI-MET was chosen as one of the certifiedprograms in the research whose results were tested and made sure of its high accuracy. Parametric design methodology such as Rhinoceros and Grasshopper using the ENVI-MET plugin by preparing spatial modeling within these applications, outputting, and analyzing the results. The research also opens a new field of research to link the parametric design methodology with urban design approaches in its wide fields and explore new tools plugin within this software to take advantage of them. يتناول البحث دراسة مؤشرات جودة الحياة البيئية والترکيز على الراحة الحرارية کأحد اهم تلک المؤشرات والتي لها تأثير مباشر على التشکيل العمراني بالفراغات العمرانية. من خلال اختبار الدور الذى تلعبه في تحقيق الراحة الحرارية في أوقات الذروة الصيفية کأحد اصعب أيام السنه لمستخدمي الفراغ من حيث الشعور بالراحة والرضا. حيث تم تحديد اربع عناصر رئيسية باعتبارها الأکثر تأثيرا في التشکيل العمراني للفراغ وهى ( ابعاد الفراغ – مواد التشطيب – المسطحات الخضراء والأشجار والعناصر المائية – التوجيه) وتم اختيار نموذج لفراغ عمراني وتم اختباره داخل مصفوفة للقياس تربط بين العناصر المناخية الأربعة التي تتحکم في نتائج مؤشر الراحة الحرارية وبين عناصر التصميم العمراني للفراغ التي تم ذکرها، وقد اعتمد البحث في طريقة القياس على استخدام النمذجة الرقمية من خلال احد برامج المحاکاة وقد تم اختيار ENVI-MET باعتباره احد البرامج المعتمدة في الأبحاث والتي تم اختبار نتائجه والتأکد من دقتها العالية، وقد اهتم البحث باستخدام منهجية التصميم البارامتري مثل Rhinocerosو Grasshopperباستخدام ENVI-MET plugin عن طريق اعداد نمذجة فراغية داخل هذه التطبيقات وإخراج النتائج وتحليلها.کما يفتح البحث مجال بحثى جديد لربط منهجية التصميم البارامترى بمناهج التصميم العمراني بمجالاتها الواسعة واستکشاف أدوات جديدة plugin داخل هذه البرمجيات للاستفادة منها.

Curved-crease origami face shields for infection control.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE). Face shields are an important component of PPE for front-line workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing protection of the face from splashes and sprays of virus-containing fluids. Existing face shield designs and manufacturing procedures may not allow for production and distribution of face shields in sufficient volume to meet global demand, particularly in Low and Middle-Income countries. This paper presents a simple, fast, and cost-effective curved-crease origami technique for transforming flat sheets of flexible plastic material into face shields for infection control. It is further shown that the design could be produced using a variety of manufacturing methods, ranging from manual techniques to high-volume die-cutting and creasing. This demonstrates the potential for the design to be applied in a variety of contexts depending on available materials, manufacturing capabilities and labour. An easily implemented and flexible physical-digital parametric design methodology for rapidly exploring and refining variations on the design is presented, potentially allowing others to adapt the design to accommodate a wide range of ergonomic and protection requirements.

CAD-Based Automated Design of FEA-Ready Cutting Tools

The resources of modern Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software provide engineers with powerful mechanisms that can be used to investigate numerous machining processes with satisfying results. Nevertheless, the success of a simulation, especially in three dimensions, relies heavily on the accuracy of the cutting tool models that are implemented in the analyses. With this in mind, the present paper presents an application developed via Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programming that enables the automated design of accurate cutting tool models that can be used in 3D turning simulations. The presented application was developed with the aid of the programming resources of a commercially available CAD system. Moreover, the parametric design methodology was employed in order to design the tools according to the appropriate standards. Concluding, a sample tool model was tested by performing a number of machining simulations based on typical cutting parameters. The yielded results were then compared to experimental values of the generated machining force components for validation. The findings of the study prove the functionality of the tool models since a high level of agreement occurred between the acquired numerical results and the experimental ones.

Security Implications of Intentional Capacitive Crosstalk

With advances in shrinking process technology sizes, the parasitic effects of closely routed adjacent wires, crosstalk , still present problems in practice since they directly influence performance and functionality. Even though there is a solid understanding of parasitic effects in hardware designs, the security implications of such undesired effects have been scarcely investigated. In this paper, we leverage the physical routing effects of capacitive crosstalk to demonstrate a new parametric hardware Trojan design methodology. We show that such Trojans can be implemented by only rerouting already existing resources. Thus, our approach possesses a zero-gate area overhead which is both stealthy and challenging to detect with standard visual inspection techniques. In two case studies, we demonstrate its devastating consequences: (1) we realize an implementation attack on a third-party cryptographic AES IP core and (2) we realize a privilege escalation on a general-purpose processor capable of running any modern operating system. In these case studies, we take special care to ensure that the Trojans do not violate design rule checks, which further highlights that the capacitive crosstalk Trojans can be building blocks for malicious circuitry design. We then investigate how state-of-the-art visual inspection techniques can be enhanced to cope with parametric hardware Trojans. In particular, we develop an automated layout-level mitigation approach which exploits the characteristic wire length of capacitive crosstalk Trojans. Finally, we highlight further implementation strategies for capacitive crosstalk Trojans and pinpoint future research directions.

Parametric design methodology for maximizing energy capture of a bottom-hinged flap-type WEC with medium wave resources

Abstract This paper describes a parametric design methodology for maximizing the capture factor (CF) of a bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converter (BHF-WEC). The general equation for CF is first derived using the damped-harmonic-oscillator model. Second, correspondences between the general and the 2-D ideal CF equations are established. Then, a scheme is proposed to account for any effects apart from the 2-D ideal modeling with three parameters, which constitute the basis for fitting any data series stemming from either numerical simulations or experiments. Once these three parameters are evaluated from data fitting, the maximum CF and its occurring conditions can be found. In the present study, WEC-Sim simulations are conducted for a series of finite rectangular BHF-WECs with effects of PTO and varying width (B) for two thicknesses (d) under two characteristic wave lengths (L) of the medium wave resources that Taiwan possesses. It is found that for B/L smaller than about 0.30, the maximum CF in resonance mode, CFres, is greater than 1.0 and much higher than that not in resonance mode, CFopt, which is always below 1.0. The captured power index in resonance mode, CFres × (B/L), is almost invariant in B/L = 0.11–0.30. Several BHF-WEC design guidelines can be deduced from these results.

Detailed parametric design methodology for hydrodynamics of liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed using design of experiments

A design-of-experiments methodology is used to develop a statistical model for the prediction of the hydrodynamics of a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed. To illustrate the multilevel factorial design approach, a step by step methodology is taken to study the effects of the interactions among the independent factors considered on the performance variables. A multilevel full factorial design with three levels of the two factors and five levels of the third factor has been studied. Various statistical models such as the linear, two-factor interaction, quadratic, and cubic models are tested. The model has been developed to predict responses, viz., average solids holdup and solids circulation rate. The validity of the developed regression model is verified using the analysis of variance. Furthermore, the model developed was compared with an experimental dataset to assess its adequacy and reliability. This detailed statistical design methodology for non-linear systems considered here provides a very important tool for design and optimization in a cost-effective approach.

Parametric design for quality improvement of injection-moulded product in a consumer electronics conglomerate

Current global market trends place an enormous amount of pressure on the process engineers to deliver functional products at the lowest possible cost. Taguchi's robust design methods provide a systematic and efficient method for developing improved products at reduced cost. This paper presents an application of Taguchi's parametric design methodology which is popularly known as robust design methodology to achieve improvements in product quality through process optimisation in a manufacturing context undertaken at the automation division of one of India's largest consumer electronics conglomerate. Plastic-moulded components are manufactured using automatic injection moulding machines to meet the needs of the entire group. During the preliminary investigation it was observed that sink mark on the surface of the moulded plastic component was the main contributor for rejection of the components and hence was selected as a measure for quality improvement. Taguchi's methods were applied and significant improvements in quality levels followed leading to an improvement of 84.95% reduction in current rejection rates. The authors advocate the need for manufacturing organisations to adopt Taguchi's robust design methodologies for process optimisation so as to achieve higher levels of quality on a continuing basis to sustain the intense global competitive pressures.

Reverse modeling strategy of aero-engine blade based on design intent

Blade geometry plays an extremely important role in the aerodynamic performance of aero-engine. However, in the process of secondary machining for near-net shape or serviced blade, the deviation between the actual and nominal blades can raise serious problems for NC tool path generation. It is even worse that inappropriate reverse modeling may change the design intent and deteriorate the aerodynamic performance. This paper presents an innovative strategy for reconstructing actual profiles from measured data. Comparing with conventional reverse modeling, the proposed strategy emphasizes functional significance of the known feature information concerned with implicit design intent. The preservation of design intent has three levels by cognition of the feature information. Firstly, the established technique for rigid registration is improved by means of incorporating accuracy feature into localization. Secondly, the parametric design methodology of aero-engine blade profile is introduced into the free-form deformation (FFD) of cross sections to control geometry feature, and finally, it guarantees aerodynamic performance feature. Some practical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the strategy.

Parametric Louver Design System Based On Direct Solar Radiation Control Performance

The purpose of this study is to develop a parametric design methodology that combines parametric design with thermal analysis. This new approach suggests that a form emerges from a performance based analysis. The result of the study is a parametric louver design system, which optimizes a louver form based on its direct solar radiation control performance. The system is composed of three parts: the analysis part, parametric design part, and optimization part. Each part functions interactively to produce an output. The output is the best performing louver form for the given site from the aspect of its yearly direct solar radiation control performance. The study applies the suggested design system to a case study, which is a virtual curtain wall office building in Seoul, Korea. The system produces the best performing louver form for each of the building′s two main facades. The study compares the thermal performance of the best performing louver design with a commonly used louver design using a different software, Ecotect Analysis 2011. The Ecotect′s thermal analysis confirms that the suggested louver forms perform better, reducing the building′s heating and cooling loads.

A Parametric Study of Reversible Jet-Fan Blades Aerodynamic Performance

This paper presents a fully reversible blade parametric design methodology. The blades are for application in jet fans that ventilate and provide emergency smoke control in road tunnels. The blade design variables are tip solidity, twist, and camber distribution. The authors base the design methodology on a sensitivity analysis which they derived from a response surface approximation. They construct the latter using a computational analysis of four experimental cases which they generated using an experimental design approach. The sensitivity analysis calculates a rank and a weight for each design variable that affects the jet-fan performance parameters thrust and efficiency, and thus facilitates insight into each variable's relative importance. Finally, the authors present a redesign of an existing reversible jet-fan blade by following the design guidelines which they obtained from the sensitivity analysis. The authors study the aerodynamic characteristics of the redesigned blade and compare it to that of the baseline design configuration. They then manufacture a redesigned blade prototype. Finally, the authors present thrust and power measurements for both the baseline jet fan, and the baseline jet fan when fitted with a redesigned blade.

BIM-Based Parametric Design Methodology for Modernized Korean Traditional Buildings

With rising social interest in the quality of life and sustainable development in architecture, demands are growing for Hanok, traditional buildings of Korea, as a viable alternative to modernized architecture of Western origin. However, even as the so-called "New Hanok" — which updates the traditional structure with modern design — is gaining popularity among the general public, its design and construction are still a minor practice, in the sense that they rely on a small group of professional carpenters whose practice largely rests on their personal experience. Aiming to build an information system of Hanok that can contribute to the industrialization of its production, this research proposes a new design process for traditional architecture, utilizing a parametric design methodology. This process, based on the understanding of tectonic joints and spatial composition of our traditional architecture, defines a parametric relationship among the structural elements that compose Hanok. The research uses Gehry Technologies' Digital Project and Autodesk Revit Architecture — most useful commercial programs of parametric (and associate) design among today's CAD/CAE/CAM applications — to apply a concurrent parametric design methodology, approaching the project from both "bottom-up" (building initiated by the assembly of smallest elements) and "top-down" (building from partial modifications on a pre-determined whole), to present a new design process for Hanok elements.