TDS Parameters Research Articles

EFFECT OF ECO ENZYME ADDITION ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY, REDUCTION OF AMMONIA AND METAL IN DUG WELL WATER

This study aims to: (1) Analyze the effect of artificial eco enzyme addition on improving the quality of dug well water based on pH, TDS, TSS, and DO parameters; (2) Analyze the effect of artificial eco enzyme addition on reducing ammonia and metal content in dug well water. The type of research is a laboratory-scale experiment with a quantitative approach to dug well water samples treated using a complete randomized design (CRD). The characteristics of the experimental test are 4 times treatment 1 time repetition in a homogeneous sample population. The conclusion of the research is that the provision of artificial eco enzyme has an effect in the form of an average increase and decrease in each parameter of the water quality of the dug well, namely pH 0,4, TDS 22 mg/l, TSS 13,3 mg/l, DO 4,2 mg/l, NH3 2,5 mg/l, Fe 0,4 mg/l, and Mn 0,03 mg/l. Based on one-way ANOVA testing resulted in sig. 0.001 0.05 and Duncan testing resulted in different number notations in each sample with sig. 1.000 0.05 which means the addition of eco enzyme gives a real influence on improving the quality of well water.

The Evaluation of the Quality of Local Water Company Tirta Anoa Processed Water in the Community of West Kendari District, Kendari City

Backgrounds: The government has the task of collecting, purifying and distributing clean water from water terminals via water channels, pipes or tank cars (in administrative management units with economic activities) to homes, industrial companies or other commercial uses. For this reason, Local water company has the responsibility to provide clean water for all groups of people in an area. Methods: This type of research is observational research with a descriptive approach to get an overview of the quality of Local water company Tirta Anoa's processed water. Water quality sampling was carried out in 9 sub-districts in West Kendari District, which is the sub-district with the largest population of 44,290 people. Results: The results of the pollution index analysis for TDS parameters show that river waters in the study study area at 7 monitoring points are still classified as meeting water quality standards, namely still below 1,000 mg/L. The highest TDS content was found at station 5 (AB.03 = 611 mg/L) and station 6 (AB.04 = 614 mg/L), while the lowest TDS value was at station 2 (AB.02 = 193 mg/L). And the concentration of TSS parameters is still below the quality standard, namely monitoring point 1 (AP.01 to 5 (AB.05) respectively 4.7 mg/L; 3.4 mg/L; 2.6 mg/L ; 3.7 mg/L; 3.9 mg/L; Conclusion: There is water quality (physics, chemistry, biology) from Local water company Tirta Anoa processed water which has been consumed by the community in West Kendari.

Analysis the Effect of Flux and Water Characteristics on Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane Performance as Pre-Treatment of SWRO

Increasing human population resulted in higher demand for potable freshwater, while freshwater sources were limited. As an alternative solution, seawater was necessarily to be employed as a main source of water supply and necessarily treated with Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO). However, membrane fouling of SWRO was occurred. Therefore, implementation of ultrafiltration membranes as pre-treatment were necessary. In this study, identification of removal efficiency seawater characteristics of TDS, COD, conductivity, and UV-Vis parameters at different flux and investigation of the fouling rate at variations filtration performance of the 50 kDa MWCO pore size PES ultrafiltration membrane was performed. Filtration of laboratory scale experiment with constant flux of 120 L/m²⋅h and 180 L/m²⋅h at dead-end operation was performed. Filtration of 50 kDa PES ultrafiltration membrane was able to remove effectively turbidity, TDS, UV-Vis, conductivity, and COD with 63±6%; 37±19%; 7±4%; 33±33%; dan 97.86%, respectively. Furthermore, related to membrane performance, filtration at 120 L/m²·h flux operation was found as the common fouling mechanisms, while flux operation at 180 L/m²·h resulted different behavior resulted for severe membrane performance. The suitable operation of fluxes 120 L/m²·h was recommended to increase the performance and membrane lifespan as well as to decrease the load of SWRO unit.

Mapping of pH, EC, and TDS Parameters to Identify Water Quality in Situ Cisanti

Mapping of pH, EC, and TDS Parameters to Identify Water Quality in Situ Cisanti

Temporal and spatial variations of groundwater quantity and quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the arid and hot weather of Southern Iran

Groundwater provides a reliable water supply of fresh water worldwide for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes, especially in areas where surface water is scarce or unreliable, making it an essential resource for human and economic development. Proper management and protection of groundwater resources are crucial to ensure their sustainability and continued contribution to fulfilling the growing water demand worldwide. This study focused on the quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater in the Kahoorestan Plain, located northwest of the Persian Gulf in southern Iran. The zoning maps produced by Arc GIS revealed a declining trend in the aquifer level and a drop in the groundwater level of 5.24 m over 20 years. The maps of the flow directions also indicated a general trend from the western highlands to the south and southeast regions of the plain. The Piper diagram showed that the predominant hydrochemical facies of the plain area is NaCl. Temporal changes analysis by the Mann-Kendall test revealed that EC, TDS, TH, Na, Mg, Ca, SO4, and Cl parameters have a rising trend in the majority of wells, which attributes to groundwater over-withdrawal, drought, excessive well drilling, and insufficient aquifer recharge. The study’s analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of the water quality index, Schoeller diagram, and Wilcox diagram revealed that the aquifer’s water quality is unsuitable for drinking and irrigation use due to its high salinity and sodium content. The findings underscore the urgency of adopting effective management strategies to ensure the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Attaragoda Grama Niladhari Division in Galle, Sri Lanka

Insufficient quality can make water unfit for a range of human purposes. As a result, water is becoming scarcer globally as population growth continues. Water quality assessment is essential for effective water resource management. The present research fills the gap in scientific knowledge and information regarding the groundwater quality status in Attaragoda Grama Niladhari (GN) Division in Galle, Sri Lanka. Randomly selected 33 groundwater samples were collected from 142/A Attaragoda GN division monthly from November 2021 to March 2022. Together, 13 selected general water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total nitrate, total phosphate, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia, and fluoride, were measured once a month during the study period using standard methodologies. Additionally, four metals, including Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sodium, were analysed for the randomly selected 15 locations during the study period. Statistical analysis was done using Minitab 17 and MS Excel 13. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, hardness, phosphate, alkalinity, and nitrate parameters in Attaragoda GND. Results indicated that, except for Fe, none of the tested parameters exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water throughout the study. Accordingly, all locations were categorized as good for drinking purposes. For a more precise evaluation of water quality, the WQI can be improved by future research focusing on heavy metal and microbial contaminants.
 
 Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality, Weighted arithmetic water quality index

Water quality monitoring of welang river basin

The Welang watershed, located in Malang Regency and Pasuruan Regency, has diverse human activities that can affect watershed hydrology, one of which is related to water quality. The purpose of this research is to determine the current water quality of the Welang watershed. This research was conducted in March 2023 - June 2023, which was conducted using random purposive samples with parameters of sunlight intensity, humidity, air temperature, water temperature, pH, TDS, brightness, chlorine, bromine, lead, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, iodine, cyanuric acid, carbonate root, and total alkalinity. From this study, it was obtained that the upstream part of the Welang River on the Arjuno side and Bromo side contained Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Nitrate (NO3-), Nitrite (NO2-), Fluoride (F-), and Carbonate Root (CO3 2–). Meanwhile, the middle part of the Welang River dominantly has the same content, but no Iron (Fe) was found but instead Cyanuric Acid C3N3(OH)3. Meanwhile, the downstream part of the Welang River contained Chlorine (Cl), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Fluoride (F-).

Determination Water Level by Electrical Resistivity and Comparing Results with Drilled Well in Al-Naharwan, Baghdad

The 2D electrical resistivity imaging survey was done in Al-Naharawan area within Baghdad city for unknown subsurface to give a best location for digging a new well. Electrical resistivity imaging survey is implemented for along four lines that are 120 m long and all have 1m electrode separation. Measurements done with wenner-Schlumberger array and interpreted data by using RES2DINV program. The results for drilling the well at electrodes 62 and 63 in line 1 showed exactly corresponds to the lithological order of the well Fadhel Abass. Electrical resistivity imaging results showed high and low resistivity values, although they both contain clay, which corresponds to variances in water content. One Groundwater sample was taken from the new well and analyzed chemically to determine the concentration of the major ions. water analysis shows high TDS, electrical conductivity, and most parameters affecting human life out of permissible limits, so it is not suitable for human drinking. SAR =21.695, RSC=-474, which indicates the risk from sodium is improbable and lies within permissible ranges. PI% within Class II, meaning the water quality is good for irrigation. The findings indicated that the 2D imaging method is an effective and powerful enough tool for identifying new well with water table and detecting subsurface.

Kualitas Air Sumur Dekat SPBU Rendani Kelurahan Wosi Kecamatan Manokwari Barat Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat

Wells are a groundwater source that is widely used by Indonesian citizens for sanitation and hygiene purposes. Well water quality is influenced by internal factors, namely the condition of the well itself, and external factors, namely the environment around the well. This research aims to analyze the quality of well water near the Rendani gas station, Wosi Village, West Manokwari District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province and compare it with the necessary water quality standards. In Indonesia, to guarantee the suitability of well water, water quality standards are stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2017. The research results show that the TDS, temperature, turbidity, sulfate, nitrate, iron, manganese and pH parameters meet the quality standards, while the chemical parameters nitrite, chromium (VI) and total coliform do not meet the quality standards. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the water to reduce levels of nitrite, chromium (VI) and total coliform before well water is consumed by residents.

Fitoremediasi Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Tumbuhan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Arang Kayu

Tofu liquid waste produces toxic compounds that can pollute the environment. Pollution due to tofu liquid waste causes the aquatic environment to become dirty and smelly. Phytoremediation is considered an innovative, economical and relatively safe technology for the environment, because phytoremediation is an effort to use plants to decontaminate waste. Water hyacinth is considered a weed in waters, but has the ability to absorb organic substances, inorganic substances and heavy metals which are pollutants. Wood charcoal can be used as a pollutant absorber in water purification systems. This research aims to improve the quality of tofu liquid waste with a phytoremediation process using water hyacinth plants and wood charcoal with TDS, pH and COD test parameters. This research used 18 experimental tanks with 3 treatments and 6 replications. P1 (100% EG), P2 (75% EG + 25% AK), P3 (50% EG + 50% AK). In this research, the phytoremediation process using water hyacinth plants and wood charcoal was able to improve the quality of tofu liquid waste. Based on the results of the Two Way ANOVA test, it is known that phytoremediation treatment has a significant effect on the test parameters with a significance level of 5%. The results of the phytoremediation study showed TDS levels from 610 mg/L to 589 mg/L; pH from 5.1 to 7.17; and COD from 3000 mg/L to 115.83 mg/L.

CLUSTERING NACL SOLUTION CONCENTRATION BASED ON IMPEDANCE, CONDUCTIVITY, AND TDS PARAMETERS USING A PCA APPROACH WITH K-MEANS CLUSTERING

A research study requires an approach to implement research data more optimally and be easily interpretable. The PCA approach with K-means clustering is an appropriate method for clustering NaCl solution concentrations based on impedance, TDS, and conductivity parameters. The results of this method indicate that the first and second principal components with eigenvalues of 2.7208 and 1.2728, respectively, represent 68.0% and 31.8% of the total variability. Cumulatively, these two principal components account for 99.8% of the total variance. This suggests that the approach used aligns well with the tested parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PCA approach with K-means clustering can be used to cluster NaCl solution concentrations, distinguishing between low and high concentrations of NaCl solutions

Water Quality Measurements with TSS, TDS, Total Phosphate, Nitrate, Total Coliform Parameters in the Garang Water Shed

Massive industrial and urban development can cause changes in the quality of river water, one of which is the Garang Watershed, located in Central Java Province. This river is situated in Kendal Regency (upper and middle) and Semarang City (middle and lower). This research examined the Garang River's water quality conditions, divided into four sub-basins: Garang Hilir, Garang Hulu, Kreo and Kripik. The parameter assessed in this research is TSS, TDS, Total Phosphate, Nitrate, and Total Coliform Parameters with a total of ten sampling location points were determined based on several criteria using GPS and the SNI 6989.57:2008 sampling method. TSS and TDS concentrations in March-April were observed to be high, especially at sampling point 10. In contrast, total phosphate concentrations were elevated at sampling points 2, 3, and 9; Nitrate values were observed to be high at sampling point 3 in March and sampling point 5 in April; Total coliforms were high at sampling points 1, 3, and 4, all of these is possibly due to domestic waste and the use of fertilizer by agricultural activities. This sampling quality assessment shows a close relationship between human activities and agricultural activities in river water quality, especially in the Garang River.

Pengolahan Air Payau Menjadi Air Bersih dengan Kombinasi Metode Desalinasi Menggunakan Tanaman Mangrove Dan Elektrokoagulasi

Human activities increase from time to time in accordance with the needs of life. This causes a surge in the need for clean water while reducing the quality of clean water. This condition has led to the development of water treatment from various sources. One of the abundant and unusable water sources is brackish water. Brackish water has a high salt content or salinity of more than 0.5 ppt. Thus, in order to be utilized as clean water, processing is required. The methods used are desalination and electrocoagulation. Desalination is a water treatment method to reduce salt content and various minerals. In this study, the desalination method used was desalination using mangrove plants (Avicennia alba) and combined with the electrocoagulation method using stainless steel electrodes. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the combination of desalination methods using mangrove plants (Avicennia alba) and electrocoagulation using stainless steel electrodes can reduce TDS, turbidity, pH and salinity parameters. Keywords: Brackish water, desalination, electrocoagulation

Study on the Quality of Mako-mako River Water as Clean and Raw Water Source in Yembekiri Village

This study aims to determine the water quality of the Mako-mako river based on physical, chemical and microorganism parameters as well as the effect of metal and microorganism levels on the color of the water and sediment of the Mako-mako river. The method of sampling water, sediment and plankton by purposive sampling at three locations, namely the upstream, middle and downstream of the river. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in water and sediment were analyzed using AAS, while the identification of plankton using a binocular microscope. The results of the analysis of the water quality of the Mako-mako river show that the parameters of temperature, TDS, TSS and Mn are still below the water quality standard for class 1, except for the Fe and total coliform parameters whose concentrations have exceeded the water quality standard. The metal content of Fe in sediment is high and affects the color of the Mako-mako river sediment which is reddish brown to dark brown (deep). The presence of plankton with a low level of abundance and diversity index did not affect the color of the river water or the sediment of the Mako-mako riverSo that to use the Mako-mako river water as a source of raw water, clean water needs to go through a processing process.

Analisis Produksi dan Air Limbah Industri Batu Alam dengan Perlakuan Eco-Enzym

<p class="Standard"><em>This research aims to identify production processes that produce natural stone waste and determine the effectiveness of using eco-enzymes in water irrigation channels by comparing the water quality of areas near the Dukupuntang natural stone industry before and after treatment with eco-enzymes. The approach used in this research is desk study, field survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and laboratory analysis. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The stages of natural stone production are excavation, stone cutting, groove making, and finishing. The process of cutting natural stone waste plays a role in the production of natural stone wastewater. Providing eco-enzyme treatment can reduce soil pH to neutral pH. Color and DO parameters decreased with eco-enzyme treatment. The TSS, TDS, BOD, and COD parameters increased with eco-enzyme treatment.</em></p>

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN SELECTING THE BEST ELECTRODE BETWEEN ALUMINUM AND IRON IN TSS REMOVAL USING ELECTROCOAGULATION

Indonesia is a country that has considerable coal reserves with coal resources of 149.01 billion tons. One of the problems of coal mining is turbidity. The turbidity is caused by the excavation of the open pit mine so that rainwater contact with the main wall. So that mud is formed, which can increase turbidity levels. The concentration of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) due to this phenomenon reaches 5,400 mg/L. Aim: This study aims to set aside TSS by electrocoagulation processing method using a batch system with eight pairs of iron electrodes arranged monopolarly. Methodology and Results: Comparisons using statistically independent t-tests showed that there was no significant difference between the iron and aluminium electrodes in the pH parameter. Conclusion, significance, and impact study:There were significant differences between iron and aluminum electrodes in the parameters of TDS and TSS. In the measured TDS and TSS parameters, the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes has a higher value than aluminum electrodes. In the TSS removal, there is no significant difference between the two electrodes (iron and aluminium).

Study of ammonia removal in aquaponic system with Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica chinensis (var. parachinensis)) and mechanical filter for tilapia cultivation

Water quality is one of the important factors to increase the success of fish farming production apart from disease factors and fish seed quality. Oreochromis niloticus or commonly called tilapia is one of the fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The challenges of increasing intensive aquaculture production are stocking density and high protein feed while maintaining good water quality. High stocking densities and high protein feed can increase ammonia in the water which can cause death in fish, for that some quality control of aquaculture can be done, namely using mechanical filters (Granular activated carbon and biofoam) and aquaponic. The difference between these two methods was in the media used, mechanical filters used granular activated carbon and biofoam, while aquaponics used Chinese flowering cabbage (caisin) (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). To determine the effectiveness of reducing ammonia from the two methods, this study will compare water quality parameters with mechanical filters and aquaponic filter methods by using plant medi, namely (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). This research was conducted for 30 days to measure several water quality parameters including temperature, DO, pH, TDS and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The results during the study showed that the recirculating aquaponic system was better than the recirculating system with a mechanical filter (Granular activated carbon and biofoam) for SR, FCR and TDS parameters while the temperature, pH, DO and TAN parameters for 30 days were not much different between the recirculating aquaponic system and the recirculating system using a mechanical filter (Granular activated carbon and biofoam).

STUDI PEMANFAATAN CANGKANG KEPITING (Scylla sp.) UNTUK FILTER AIR TANAH DI KOTA TARAKAN

The city of Tarakan has the potential of ground water for clean water needs. But for its use, it nedds to be treated first so that the quality is in accordance with the required quality standards. Crab shell (Scylla sp.) waste is used as a filtration technology for water treatment. The purpose of this research was to study the effetiveness of using crab shells as a ground water filter in Tarakan City. The research method used in this study was an experimental method with a complete random design (RAL). Repetition was done three times. The material used was crab shell with a filter level of 30, 60 and 100 cm. Crab shells were combined with the use of activated charcoal, quartz sand and gravel to determine the best composition. The parameters that were tested according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 32 of 2017 (Water Quality Standards for Sanitary Hygiene Needs) are turbidity, color, odor, pH, Temperature, TSS, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The study’s findings demonstrated that the crab shell’s filtering effectiveness is quite low. For the pH parameter, the effectiveness value increased succcessively based on the filter level of 30,60 and 100 cm which was 54, 71, 80% and the Mn paraneter successively was 74, 92 and 81%. While the parameters of turbidity, color, TDS, TSS, nitrite, nitrate, and iron actually decreased the value of water quality, when compared to the value of standard water.

Characteristic of Orange Peel Waste-Based on Eco Enzyme at Different Fermentation Duration

One effort to overcome the waste problem is by recycling waste into something useful, such as by making eco enzymes that can be used in various fields through fermentation process. The duration of eco enzyme fermentation is determined by the purpose of its production, but most studies require a fermentation duration of 3 months to produce ideal eco enzyme. The raw material used in making eco enzyme in this study is the peel of the Kintamani orange (Citrus nobilis) that widely cultivated in Bali. This study was aimed to examine the differences in the characteristics of eco enzyme based on orange peel waste with different fermentation durations. The research method used is experimental. Fermentation was carried out on orange peel waste, brown sugar, and water with a ratio of 3:1:10. Fermentation was carried out at a duration of 10 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days. Each eco enzyme with a different fermentation duration was chemically analyzed for PH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD. The results showed that as the fermentation duration lengthened, there was a decrease in the TSS, TDS, BOD, and COD parameters in orange peel-based eco enzyme, but there was no change in PH. Teen days of fermentation was able to produce eco enzymes with an ideal PH, fresh sour aroma, and high organic content, however, the fermentation did not produce a dark brown color. This research helps in providing reference for the best fermentation duration that need to make eco enzyme.

Water Quality Data Analysis from the Onlimo Monitoring System at 16 Stations in Priority Watersheds and Lakes

Currently, the decline in the quality of river and lake water continues, for this reason, activities to control pollution and improve river and lake water quality are required. One effort to prevent this problem is to implement online water quality monitoring technology continuously and in real time. The information generated from the water quality monitoring system can be used as a basis for planning watershed management and determining river and lake water management policies at the national and regional levels. The purpose of this activity is to analyze river and lake water quality data and evaluate the performance of the monitoring systems in 16 water quality monitoring stations that have been built. The data being analyzed is from 2016 to 2020 and includes the parameters of temperature, conductivity, TDS, DO, pH, and turbidity. The 16 station locations are spread over the Ciliwung River, Cisadane River, Citarum River, Serayu River, Bengawan Solo River, and Lake Toba. This research method uses descriptive statistical analysis and the STORET method, which refers to the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 115 of 2003 and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results of this study indicate that most of the rivers monitored fall into the moderate to heavily polluted category, especially the rivers downstream of the Ciliwung, Cisadane, and Bengawan Solo rivers. The results of the analysis of DO, TDS, conductivity, and turbidity parameters from 16 monitoring stations, mostly met the Class II quality standards.