Lipid Parameters Research Articles

Pre-pregnancy LDL/HDL and total Cholesterol/HDL ratios are strong predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies

Background & ObjectiveTo analyze whether there is an association between pre-pregnancy lipid parameters and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), a group especially at risk for GDM, and if so, which parameter is associated the strongest.MethodsData was collected at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital CITIC-Xiangya in Changsha, China from January 2017 to December 2018. The measured lipid parameters include LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), TC (total cholesterol), and TG (triglycerides).Results119 (15.5%) of the 767 patients developed GDM. On average, women who developed GDM were older, had a higher BMI, LDL, TC, and TG, and lower HDL. After adjusting for confounders, LDL and HDL showed a significant association with GDM (p < 0.05), but TC and TG did not. Binary LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios showed the strongest association with GDM incidence (OR 1.957 [95%CI 1.258–3.044] and 1.942 [1.243–3.034] respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that an elevated LDL/HDL ratio also increased GDM risk in subgroups with a typically lower prevalence of GDM, such as young women with a low BMI and low blood pressure. Both lipid ratios (LDL/HDL and TC/HD) show strong interactions with baseline age, fasting plasma glucose, and LH.ConclusionsIn this cohort of Chinese women undergoing ART, pre-pregnancy LDL/HDL and TC/HDL were associated with GDM the strongest from the lipid parameters and could be useful to estimate GDM risk even before ART treatments and pregnancy.Clinical trial numberNCT03503006 registered on the 21st of March 2018 (on clinicaltrials.gov). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03503006?locStr=Changsha,%20Hunan,%20China&country=China&state=Hunan&city=Changsha&cond=ivf&rank=2.

Relationship Between Whole Blood Iron Levels and Lipid Profile Parameters in the General Population: Findings from Routine Physical Examination Report.

Dyslipidemia is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases and is a common problem among the general population. A significant link has been identified between dyslipidemia and ferroptosis. Lipid profile parameters are important indicators of dyslipidemia. Iron is the main cause of ferroptosis. However, the relationship between blood lipid parameters and whole blood iron levels has remained unclear. Based on a community population, the study aimed to explore the relationship between whole blood iron levels and blood lipids in Taizhou, China. The blood samples were collected from 1917 community residents, and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and whole blood iron were measured. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between whole blood iron levels and lipids profile parameters. The results of the study showed that for both men and women, whole blood iron concentration was positively correlated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), but not with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.618, P = 0.083). The positive correlation between whole blood iron and triglycerides was the most significant (P < 0.001, r = 0.138). The above trends were more pronounced among men than among women. Therefore, the study suggested that regulating whole blood iron levels of populations in Taizhou, China, may be a potential strategy for regulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. The potential for controlling triglycerides by regulating whole blood iron is more apparent. The result of the study has some implications for the prevention and diagnosis of dyslipidemia among medical staff and residents, especially male residents.

Impact of Chinese visceral adiposity index on all-cause mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundsWhether excess visceral fat tissue increases the risk of death in older individuals remains controversial.AimsTo investigate the association between the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) and all-cause mortality risk in older Chinese individuals.MethodsThis cohort study utilized data of individuals aged ≥ 65 years in 2014 to 2018 wave from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database. Older individuals in the 2014 wave were included and followed up in 2018. CVAI was calculated based on age, body size, and blood lipid parameters, with higher values indicating increased visceral fat. Survival status was determined from official death certificates, local primary healthcare providers, or the family members of participants. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were employed to analyze cumulative mortality risk through CVAI tertiles (tertile 1: CVAI index < 97.34; tertile 2: 97.43 ≤ CVAI index < 132.21; and tertile 3: CVAI index ≥ 132.21). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the relationship between the CVAI groups and all-cause mortality risk. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding participants who died within the first year of follow-up. A subgroup analysis was performed based on age and sex, and a restricted cubic spline plot was created to analyze the dose-response relationship between CVAI and mortality risk.ResultsA total of 1414 individuals were included, and the mean age of the participants was 84.6 (standard deviation: 10.9) years, of which 46.4% were women and 32.8% were died during a median follow-up time of 36.4 months. In the multivariable adjusted Cox regression model, we observed a significantly lower risk of mortality in the CVAI tertile 2 and 3 groups than in the tertile 1 group. The hazard ratios (HR) of the tertile 2 and 3 groups were 0.68 (95% CI, approximately 0.52–0.89) and 0.63 (95% CI, approximately 0.48–0.82), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of higher CVAI levels on mortality was more pronounced in participants aged 65–79 years and in women.ConclusionOur study established a linear relationship between CVAI and mortality risk among community-dwelling older adults, with higher CVAI levels associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. These findings highlight the potential importance of visceral adiposity in predicting mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults.

Role of CYP2D6 polymorphisms in tramadol metabolism in a context of co-medications and overweight.

Very few quantitative data exist on tramadol metabolites, which hampers our understanding of their role in efficacy and safety of tramadol. We aimed to provide quantitative data on tramadol and its 5 main metabolites in a patient cohort and to determine whether metabolite ratios can be predictive of a CYP2D6 metabolism phenotype. We also aimed to investigate the influence of co-medications and patient profile (BMI, glycemia, lipid levels) on tramadol metabolite ratios. Overall, 37 patient samples from the CONSTANCES cohort contained tramadol and its 5 metabolites. Mean concentrations found tramadol at 343.2±223.2 μg/L, M1 at 62.4±41.4 μg/L, M2 at 210.0±272.3, M3 at 1.76±3.0 μg/L, M4 at 1.8±2.8 μg/L and M5 at 31.8±28.4 μg/L. The most frequent CYP2D6 phenotype was extensive metabolizers (51.3%), followed by intermediate metabolizers (24.3%) and poor metabolizers (10.8%). CYP2D6-inhibiting co-medications impacted tramadol metabolism independently of CYP2D6 metabolism phenotype. Lipid parameters and glycemia were significantly associated with changes in tramadol metabolic ratios. Metabolic ratios are not sufficient to determine the CYP2D6 metabolic phenotype in patients. CYP2D6 inhibitors and obesity/NAFLD/diabetes impact tramadol metabolism. These factors are likely to impact the analgesic efficacy and safety profile of tramadol, justifying the need for further studies in this area.

Metabolic Complications Associated with Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTI) for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Focus on Weight Changes, Lipids, Glucose and Bone Metabolism.

This review aims to summarize recently published peer reviewed papers on the influence of treatment with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTI) in people with HIV (HIV) on metabolic health, including weight gain, lipid parameters, glucose homeostasis, and bone health. InSTI have a mild/moderate effect on weight gain in both antiretroviral (ART) naïve and ART experienced PWH, which is more pronounced in certain groups (i.e. women, people of Black African ethnicity, those with lower socioeconomic status, and older people). The effect on weight is also driven by other components of the ART regimen as well as previous exposure to certain ART. InSTI have a relatively safe profile in terms of lipid parameters and bone health, compared to other ART classes, although some studies suggest a greater risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in PWH using InSTI, especially 2nd generation InSTI. While there is some evidence suggesting a negative impact of InSTI on some aspects of metabolic health (weight gain and glucose homeostasis), they remain the preferred treatment option for most PWH, due to their high efficacy and tolerability. However, an individualised approach to ART choice in PWH should be used in order to avoid negative outcomes in populations at higher risks of metabolic complications.

Association between plasma-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in Chinese adults

Objective: To explore the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Chinese adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of 43 820 community residents (age>40 years) from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals (REACTION study; March-December 2012) across eight centers (Liaoning, Guangdong, Shanghai, Gansu, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, and Sichuan) in China were collected and analyzed. Participants were divided into three groups based on UACR levels:<10 mg/g, 10-30 mg/g, and >30 mg/g. The HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was divided into four groups according to quartile division of the subjects: 1st quartile (Q1<3.79), 2nd quartile (3.79≤Q2<4.59), 3rd quartile (4.59≤Q3≤5.66), and 4th quartile (Q4>5.66). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between HbA1c/HDL-C and UACR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the predictive value of HbA1c/HDL-C to UACR. Results: The 43 820 subjects included 13 452 (30.70%) male and 30 378 (69.30%) female patients, with an average age of (58.00±0.05) years. According to results of one-way analysis of variance analysis, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with the risk of increased UACR (F=495.73, P<0.001). After adjusting for clinically relevant confounding variables in logistic regression model, compared with participants with the lowest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Q1), women with the highest HbA1c/HDL-C ratio (Q4) had a 1.483-fold (95%CI 1.376-1.598, P<0.001) and men had a 1.161-fold (95%CI 1.019-1.323, P<0.001) increased risk of UACR. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of HbA1c/HDL-C for predicting increased UACR was 0.623 (95%CI 0.597-0.606), with a sensitivity of 60.18% and a specificity of 54.91%. The HbA1c/HDL-C ratio showed the highest predictive value of all glycemic and lipidemic parameters. In individuals with well-controlled blood glucose (HbA1c<6.5%) or lipid levels (HDL-C≥1.0 mmol/L), the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was still independently associated with the risk of increased UACR after adjusting for confounding variables [OR(95%CI) of quartile 4: 1.563 (1.210-2.019, P=0.001) in participants with HbA1c<6.5% and 1.822 (1.687-1.968, P<0.001) in participants with HDL-C≥1.0 mmol/L]. Conclusion: As a novel compound indicator for evaluating glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with increased UACR in the general population aged>40 years in China, which was superior to both glycemic and lipid parameters alone.

Serum Testosterone and Atherogenic Indices as an independent Risk Factor for Predicting the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-sectional Study from North Eastern Region of India

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Dyslipidaemia is associated with the development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Atherogenic indices are emerging lipid parameters related to atherosclerosis and CAD. There is a limited amount of data regarding the relationship between CAD severity, serum testosterone, and lipid indices, especially in the northeastern region of India. Aim: To determine the relationship between serum testosterone and atherogenic indices as independent risk factors for the severity of CAD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India, from January 2021 to October 2022, consisting of 70 male patients with CAD who underwent coronary angiography and 70 male patients without CAD. Serum total and free Testosterone (TT and fT), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed. Atherogenic indices, including the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Atherogenic Index (AI), and Castelli Risk Indices I and II (CRI-I and II), as well as the Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), were calculated using conventional lipid parameters and glucose, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of the atherogenic indices and testosterone with the severity of CAD. Results: The mean age was found to be 63.4±11.8 years in cases and 60.8±9.1 years in controls. The median (interquartile range) of AI was 5.03 (4.2, 5.9) vs 3.04 (2.2, 3.6), p&lt;0.001; AIP was 0.39 (0.36, 0.44) vs 0.14 (0.006, 0.24), p&lt;0.001; CRI-I was 6.03 (5.22, 6.91) vs 4.04 (3.2, 4.61), p&lt;0.001; CRI-II was 3.91 (3.3, 4.7) vs 2.31 (1.6, 2.78), p&lt;0.001; and the TyG index was 4.84 (4.68, 4.96) vs 3.82 (3.7, 3.9), p&lt;0.001. These values were significantly higher in the CAD group compared to the non CAD group. Total Testosterone (TT) was 2.05±1.1 ng/mL vs 4.93±0.65 ng/mL, p&lt;0.001, and fT was (3.6±2.6 vs 15.7±4.7, p&lt;0.001) were significantly lower in cases compared to controls. The Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that AI (r=0.446, p&lt;0.001), AIP (r=0.518, p&lt;0.001), CRI-I (r=0.446, p&lt;0.001), CRI-II (r=0.406, p=0.001), TGL/HDL-C (r=0.502, p&lt;0.001), and the TyG index (r=0.305, p&lt;0.010) were positively correlated with the Gensini score. The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that AI (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.70- 5.57, p&lt;0.001), AIP (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.84-3.78, p&lt;0.001), CRI-I (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.65-5.57, p&lt;0.001), CRI-II (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.64-6.10, p&lt;0.001), and TyG (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01-1.98, p=0.009) were independent risk predictors of the severity of CAD after adjustment for confounders. Additionally, TT (OR: 1.417, CI: 1.24-1.70) and fT (OR: 1.67, CI: 1.12-1.98) were also found to be independent risk predictors of the severity of CAD. Conclusion: The AI, AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, TyG, TT, and fT were independent predictors of the severity of CAD and could serve as potential biomarkers for CAD risk assessment. To specifically explain the diagnostic use of these novel indices in the early diagnosis of ASCVDs and CAD incidence, long-term prospective cohort surveys must be designed.

Correlation between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Progression of Non-target Lesion Vascular Disease Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention using Drug-eluting Stents.

To examine the correlation between Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) levels and the progression of non-target lesion vascular disease following the deployment of Drug-eluting Stents (DES). We retrospectively enrolled patients who had undergone successful treatment for CAD with DES and subsequently underwent a coronary angiography follow-up at the Cardiology Department of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2017 to July 2022. The annual change in Gensini Score (GS) was calculated according to two angiographic evaluations in order to assess the progression of non-target lesion vascular disease; a change greater than 1 indicated progression, while a change of 1 or less indicated stability. AIP was calculated according to serum lipid parameters. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between AIP level and progression of non-target coronary artery lesions. The ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of AIP for coronary artery non-target lesion vascular disease progression. Out of the 344 patients who were monitored over a median duration of 1.2 years, 113 exhibited progression of non-target lesion vascular disease. Initially, baseline AIP levels were notably higher in the progression group compared to the non-progression group (0.30 [0.14, 0.43] vs. 0.11 [-0.06, 0.31]), and this difference remained significant during the follow-up period (0.19 [0.06, 0.34] vs. 0.11 [-0.06, 0.22]). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that AIP is an independent predictor for the progression of non-target lesion vascular disease following DES treatment. Individuals in the highest tertile of AIP faced a considerably elevated risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.12-11.21, P < 0.001). Moreover, utilizing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a 0.15 AIP level cut-off was determined for diagnosing disease progression, with a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 56.7%, and an area under the curve of 0.672 (95% CI: 0.613-0.731, P < 0.01). AIP significantly correlates with the progression of non-target lesion vascular disease among patients with coronary artery disease who have undergone DES treatment, establishing itself as an independent risk factor in addition to conventional predictors.

Evaluation of body mass index and lipid profiles among Joseph Ayo Babalola University students, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun state, Nigeria

The aim of the study was to access the relationship between body mass index and lipid profiles among Joseph Ayo Babalola University Students as a means of evaluating their cardiovascular risk. This was a prospective longitudinal study carried out in Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State Students. The study was conducted within a period of 5 months (May– September 2024). A total of 90 students were selected from the recruitment process after consenting to participate in the study. The students recruited were grouped into the following categories: underweight (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI =18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI=25 – 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI &gt;30 kg/m2) based on BMI standard classification of weight. After categorization of study subjects, blood samples were drawn from the antecubital veins into lithium heparin bottles using standard antiseptic technique and blood pressures were taken using automated blood pressure device. Five millitres (5mls) of fasting blood samples collected from each subject into lithium heparin bottles was spun at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma. Total cholesterol (TC) and Triglyceride (TG) were assayed based on enzymatic methods. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was assayed using precipitation and enzymatic method while low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald equation. The ANOVA results from the comparisons of the mean values of BMI obtained showed significance difference in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese subjects while the mean values of the lipid parameters and blood pressure were statistically insignificant between the groups. The result of Pearson’s correlation showed no relationship positive association of BMI with total cholesterol in the underweight subjects. But there was no association of BMI and lipid profile in the overweight and obese subjects. In conclusion our study subjects are not posed with risk of metabolic disorders.

Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition, clinical health markers and memory status in the adult population: a single-blind randomised controlled trial

IntroductionDespite the popularity and potential protective effects of intermittent fasting (IF) against metabolic disorders, more human trials must be conducted to highlight its effects on human health. Therefore, the present trial aimed to investigate the effect of IF on the body composition, health markers, and memory status of obese and overweight adults.MethodsA parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, with 30 participants recruited from each of the three arms (regular diet, customised diet, and IF group) with a follow-up period of 12 weeks.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mean percentage change in BMI at the end of the study period (p = 0.55). The IF group exhibited a negative median change (-4.41%) in systolic blood pressure compared with the other two groups (p = 0.014), with no difference among the groups in diastolic blood pressure or blood sugar levels (p > 0.05). The percentage change in waist circumference was more significant in the IF group than in the control group, with a significant improvement in the median percentage change in total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and HDL levels (p < 0.05) as well as in the memory score (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that IF helps improve participants’ lipid parameters, systolic blood pressure, and memory status.Trial RegistrationThe present study is registered at the registry of Clinicaltrials.gov with identity number NCT05521945 and registration date 30/08/22.

Curcumin targets CXCL16-mediated podocyte injury and lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney disease treatment.

Among the complications of diabetes, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) frequently emerges, typified by the detrimental effects on renal function, manifesting through inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and harm to podocytes. Existing research underscores the significance of the soluble form of C-X-C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) within the context of renal impairments. However, whether CXCL16 is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD remains elusive. We report that CXCL16 levels in the serum and kidneys of individuals with DKD were elevated and correlated with various lipid parameters. The expression of CXCL16 in human podocytes subjected to high glucose or palmitic acid induction and exogenous CXCL16 administration in these cells were examined. Higher CXCL16 levels were linked to abnormal lipid metabolism. Exogenous CXCL16 administration induced lipid droplets, microfilament disorganization, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, inhibited PPAR γ,up-regulated COX2 expression, and inhibited Nrf2 translocation in podocytes. Molecular analysis revealed that Curcumin (Cur), a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa and an Nrf2 agonist, targets the ATP-binding pocket of CXCL16, inhibiting its kinase activity. Meanwhile, Cur therapy alleviated podocyte injury, lipid accumulation, improved glomerulopathy, and reduced albuminuria. Furthermore, after silencing CXCL16 expression in podocytes using siRNA, the effects of exogenous CXCL16 were nullified, and Cur no longer exhibited any significant impact. Thus, CXCL16 participates in the pathogenesis of DKD. Inhibition of CXCL16 has shown promising results in experimental models, suggesting its beneficial effects in ameliorating DKD.

The Association between Serum Lipid Profile Levels and Hypertension Grades: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Health Examination Center.

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major cardiovascular risk factors that often coexist. Hyperlipidemia is a crucial modifiable risk factor in preventing cardiovascular disease. We aimed to explore the relationship between lipid levels and the grading of hypertension in a community-based adult population. A total of 63,091 non-employed individuals were included in this study. Measurements included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (STB), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Chi-square and t-tests were used to obtain basic population characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the prevalence of hypertension and lipid profiles, as well as to identify influencing factors. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical charts were utilized to analyze the relationship between lipid parameters and hypertension grades. A total of 30,588 men and 32,503 women with an average age of 64.57 ± 12.5 years participated in this study. After adjusting STB and TC, every 1 mmol/L increase in TG and LDL-c was associated with a 6.0% and 6.5% increase in the prevalence of hypertension, respectively. Conversely, for every 1 mmol/L increase in HDL-c, the prevalence of hypertension decreased by 4.1%. Increases in TG and LDL-c levels were observed across all grades of hypertension, while very high HDL-c was significantly associated in grade III hypertension (1.54→1.66 mmol/L). Additionally, age, BMI, FPG, ALT, AST, SCr, and BUN significantly influenced the association between hypertension and lipid levels. Hyperlipidemia and hypertension often coexist in health examination populations. Elevated levels of TG and LDL-C are associated with all grades of hypertension, while extremely high HDL-C level is linked to more severe hypertension.

Cardiometabolic Health in Children with Pre-existing Dyslipidemia: Trends and Disparities.

In orderto evaluate the impact of a child's proximity to an urban center on their cardiometabolic health status and their response to treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors, retrospective review of the institutional pediatric lipid clinic database was conducted for all subjects receiving care from 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2023, with subgroup analysis of subjects with ≥ 2 clinical encounters and/or set of laboratory values. Subjects were classified as rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved based on their zip code using the Wisconsin Collaborative for Healthcare Quality classification system. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine disparities in baseline cardiometabolic health parameters by urban/rural groupings. Among subjects with multiple encounters, baseline and final available values were analyzed using paired t tests. 2419 subjects were included in the initial analysis with 75.4% living in urban environments and 51.9% having advantaged status. Urban advantaged children had lower BMI percentiles and waist circumference, but higher LDL-C values compared to other urban groups (p < 0.05). Rural advantaged and middle groups had higher TC, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C than the urban groups (p < 0.05). 1522 subjects had ≥ 2 encounters, with significant decreases in all lipid parameters (p < 0.006 for all). There was no change in fasting glucose, HbA1c, or ALT. Disparities in cardiometabolic parameters were seen at time of presentation based on rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved status, but all groups had similar improvements in cardiometabolic parameters throughout the course of treatment.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid and Glycaemic Profiles: An Umbrella Review

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been suggested as an adjunct therapy for endocrine and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to synthesise the evidence for the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid and/or glycaemic alterations, including total cholesterol (TC), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), lipoprotein a, fasting blood glucose (FBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from their inception to July 2024. Meta-analyses that evaluated the effect of CoQ10 on the lipid or glycaemic profiles were included. Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD). CoQ10 showed an effect on the glycaemic profile, especially on FBG (MD from −11.21 to −5.2 mg/dL, SMD from −2.04 to −0.17) and on HbA1c (MD from −1.83 to −0.12%, SMD of −0.30). CoQ10 may also have an effect on the lipid profile, such as TC, triglycerides, HDL-C and even LDL-C, although the inconsistency of the results was somewhat higher. Supplementation with CoQ10 may be beneficial, especially in populations with diabetes mellitus or other endocrine and metabolic disorders. It could also have some effect on lipid parameters, which, together with the above, may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although this is something that needs further research.

Characterising the lipid profile of paediatric patients with anomalous aortic origins of a coronary artery.

Lipid levels in paediatric patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) have not previously been explored. Patients with CHD have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life compared to the general population. We aim to characterise the lipid profiles in paediatric patients with AAOCA and explore its relation to diagnosis, race/ethnicity, and exercise. Single institution retrospective cohort of 180 AAOCA paediatric patients (median age 13.7 years interquartile range 9.7-15.6, 66% male). Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and non-HDL cholesterol were evaluated across race/ethnicity, sex, type of AAOCA, documented ischaemia on imaging, exercise level, and surgery status. Normality of the data distribution for each lipid parameter was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing. Accordingly, Mann-Whitney U and t-tests were used to compare variables. The proportion of abnormal lipid levels by sex and race/ethnicity was calculated. Total cholesterol was elevated in 29%, (51/177) of patients, HDL 37% (64/174), triglycerides 44% (72/165), LDL 16% (28/170), total cholesterol-HDL ratio 29%, (48/163), and non-HDL cholesterol 28% (47/165). Across subgroups categorised on the basis of surgery status, exercise level, AAOCA type, and sex, the mean and median levels for individual lipid parameters were normal. By race/ethnicity, Hispanic patients had significantly higher triglyceride (median 99, interquartile range 71-136.5, p = <0.001) and total cholesterol to HDL ratios (median 3.2, interquartile range 2.7-4.5, p = 0.014) versus non-Hispanic White and Black patients. Two-thirds of patients exercise recreationally. Hispanic patients have significantly elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol to HDL ratios compared to others. Longitudinal follow-up evaluating differences in long-term lipid status in patients with AAOCA and risk for cardiovascular events is warranted.

Soluble endoglin as a biomarker of successful rheopheresis treatment in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive chronic disease causing visual impairment or central vision loss in the elderly. We hypothesized that successful rheopheresis would be associated with positive changes in soluble endoglin (sENG), PSCK9, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and hs-CRP levels. 31 elderly patients with the dry form of AMD, treated with rheopheresis with a follow-up period of at least 5 years and an average age of 68 ± 4 years, were evaluated. Each treated patient received a series of 8 procedures in 10 weeks and, after the 2-year period, another 2 procedures within 1 week. Then, the patients were followed up every 6 months and divided into the successfully treated and therapeutic failure group according to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size of the drusen area, and the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED). Based on the ophthalmological assessment, rheopheresis treatment was successful in 73% of AMD patients. The therapy was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) levels, and rheologically important parameters, irrespective of the therapy’s success or failure. The success of rheopheresis therapy was exclusively related to a significant decrease in sENG and A2M levels. Over the long term, rheopheresis prevented the decline of BCVA, reduced the DPED and area of macular drusen, and improved the preservation of an intact photoreceptor ellipsoid zone in most patients. Moreover, we showed for the first time that sENG and A2M could be potentially sensitive biomarkers of successful rheopheresis procedure, irrespective of lipid parameters changes.

Interplay between lipid profile and anthropometric measures as indicators of cardiometabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that often coexists with cardiometabolic risk factors. Women with PCOS have a two-fold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and substantially elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events later in life. PCOS patients may require more comprehensive metabolic screening to identify populations at higher risk of developing CVD and dyslipidemia. It is recommended to evaluate lipid profile, glucose tolerance and of women with PCOS every 2-3 years. Simple, short, and easy methods for the assessment of CVD risk in women with PCOS may be useful tools for implementing CVD prevention strategies by doctors or nutritionists. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of anthropometric indices in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk based on lipid profile in patients with PCOS. The study involved 49 of Caucasian women aged 18-39 who were diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria and divided into two groups with normal lipid profile (N=14) and dyslipidemia (N=35). Biochemical parameters were tested in the morning while fasting. Anthropometric parameters such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) were calculated, while the Percent of Body Fat was measured using a body analyzer. The study demonstrated that women with dyslipidemia were older than the control group, 33 years (27-37) vs 24 years (21-26), p<0.01. Neither BMI nor BAI (%) correlated with total cholesterol (p=0.63 and p=0.27). Other lipid parameters, such as serum HDL cholesterol (R=-0.68, p<0.01; R=-0.58, p<0.01), LDL cholesterol (R=0.34, p=0.02; R=0.37, p=0.01), non-HDL cholesterol (R=0.40, p<0.01; R=0.42, p<0.01), and triglycerides (R=0.56, p<0.01; R=0.51, p<0.01) correlated with BMI and BAI (%). ROC analysis demonstrated a high predictive value for age in identifying dyslipidemia. ROC analysis demonstrated poor predictive value for BMI, BAI, WHR, WHtR in identifying dyslipidemia. Analysis of simple and rapid parameters used to assess body fat, such as BMI, BAI, WHR, and WHtR, has shown that they are poor predictors of dyslipidemia in women with PCOS. In young women with PCOS, age appears to be a more reliable predictor of dyslipidemia.

Portuguese Lipid Study (e_LIPID).

Background/Objectives: Incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries because of changing lifestyles. Since dyslipidaemia is a major independent cardiovascular risk factor, its correct identification is critical to implement specific interventions for CVD prevention. This study aimed to characterise the lipid profile of the Portuguese population. Methods: Overall, 1688 individuals from the general population (e_COR study, 2012-2014) were included. Population-specific percentiles for ten lipid biomarkers were estimated by bootstrapping methods to ensure national representativity. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio. Results: The 50th percentile estimated for total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and non-HDL-C are similar to scientific societies recommended values for the general (low or moderate risk) population. National prevalence of having lipid parameters above recommended values was 64.6%, 66.9%, 51.3%, 68.9%, 17.8%, and 21.1% for TC, LDL-C, apoB, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and Lp(a), respectively; these values are generally higher in men and increasing with age, except for Lp(a). A high prevalence of severe dyslipidaemia (>90th percentile) was identified, highest for small dense LDL-C (31.3%), apoB (30.4%), and LDL-C (30.3%). The national prevalence of CVD events was 5%. Three individuals were genetically identified with familial hypercholesterolemia, a high CVD risk condition. Conclusions: We provide for the first-time lipid biomarker percentiles for the general Portuguese population. Our results highlight that hypercholesterolemia is a neglected cardiovascular risk factor with over half of the population with TC, LDL-C, and apoB above recommended values. Since hypercholesterolemia is a modifiable risk factor, strategies to increase adherence to changes in lifestyle habits and medication need to be urgently discussed.

Evaluation of Changes in Laboratory Parameters from a Phase 2b Trial of Zasocitinib (TAK-279), an Oral, Selective TYK2 Inhibitor, in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Background: Zasocitinib (TAK-279) is an oral, allosteric, and highly selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor. In a recent phase 2b trial (NCT04999839), more patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with zasocitinib 15 and 30 mg once daily achieved 75% improvement in the psoriasis area and severity index at Week 12 (primary endpoint) than those receiving placebo (PBO; p &lt; 0.001). Here we report an assessment of laboratory parameters from this study. Methods: In this randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, PBO-controlled study, adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive oral zasocitinib (2, 5, 15 or 30 mg) or PBO once daily for 12 weeks. The safety analysis set included all patients who received ≥1 dose of the assigned study treatment. Laboratory parameters assessed throughout the trial included creatine kinase (CK), as well as hematologic (neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, platelets), hepatic and renal (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate), and lipid (cholesterol, triglycerides) parameters. Results: In total, 259 patients were included in the safety analysis set. Longitudinal changes in all laboratory parameters were generally similar in the PBO and zasocitinib groups. Mean values of most laboratory parameters remained within normal ranges during the study. There was no relationship between zasocitinib treatment and cytopenia. Some CK elevations were observed in both the PBO and zasocitinib groups, but most were transient or reversible and of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 1 or 2 (Grade ≥2 events occurred in 2 [3.8%], 2 [4.0%], 6 [11.5%], 4 [7.5%] and 3 [5.8%] patients, in the PBO, and 2, 5, 15 and 30 mg groups, respectively), and were not associated with rhabdomyolysis. Mean triglyceride values were slightly higher than normal ranges at baseline and Week 12 in all treatment groups, including PBO, and were mainly asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate elevations. These changes were not accompanied by increases in serum cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Zasocitinib treatment did not result in adverse changes in hematologic, hepatic, renal or lipid parameters that are associated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition, suggesting that the mechanism of action of zasocitinib is distinct from that of JAK1/2/3 inhibition. Further phase 3 studies of zasocitinib in psoriasis are ongoing to confirm these observations (NCT06088043; NCT06108544).

Vitamin D Is Associated with Lipid Metabolism: A Sex- and Age-Dependent Analysis of a Large Outpatient Cohort.

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid that influences cardiovascular health by affecting lipid metabolism. Since dyslipidemia is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), our study aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and lipid parameters, considering the effects of age and gender. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 47,778 outpatients, we analyzed correlations between two forms of vitamin D-25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)-and lipid parameters, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC). Subgroup analyses by age and gender provided additional insights. Results: Results showed that 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with LDL and TC across the cohort. This association was particularly evident in men over 50, whereas women showed a positive correlation with LDL and TC before age 50 and a negative correlation after. HDL levels positively correlated with 25(OH)D across all age groups, with the strongest association in postmenopausal women. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D showed a positive correlation only with HDL in individuals over 50, with no significant correlation with LDL or TC in any age group. Conclusions: In conclusion, findings from this cross-sectional study underscore an association between elevated levels of 25(OH)D and more favorable lipid profiles, characterized by reduced LDL and total cholesterol, as well as increased HDL levels. This association is particularly pronounced among individuals over 50 years of age and postmenopausal women.