Parameters Of Body Measurements Research Articles

Incorporating body measurement traits to increase genetic gain of feed efficiency and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers.

The objective of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate whether body measurement traits, including body weight and body size, could be used as indicators of genetic selection for feed efficiency and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers. First, we estimated the genetic parameters for body measurements, feed efficiency, and carcass traits. Second, we estimated the correlated responses in feed efficiency and carcass traits when selection was applied to one or multiple-body measurement traits. In total, 4,578 Japanese Black steers with phenotypic values of residual feed intake (RFI) and residual body weight gain (RG) as feed efficiency traits and carcass weight (CWT) and beef marbling standard (BMS) as carcass traits were used. Eleven body measurement traits were measured at the start and finish of the fattening periods (BMT1 and BMT2, respectively), and their growth during the fattening period (BMT3) was used for genetic analyses. The results of genetic parameters showed that the heritability estimates were low to moderate (0.10 to 0.66), and the genetic correlations among body measurement traits were also estimated to be positively moderate to high in each measuring point (0.23 to 0.99). The genetic correlations of body measurement traits with RFI and BMS were estimated to be low (-0.14 to 0.30 and -0.17 to 0.35, respectively), but those with CWT were positively low to high (0.12 to 0.97). The genetic correlation estimates between BMT3 and RG were moderate to high (0.38 to 0.78). Second, correlated responses were estimated under positive selection for body measurement traits. Positive selection for BMT2 and BMT3 increased CWT and RG; however, positive selection for body measurement traits resulted in no change in RFI and BMS. Favorable directions of genetic gains, which were positive for RG, CWT, and BMS and negative for RFI, were obtained by selection indices, including multiple traits in BMT1. Our results suggest that using only one-body measurement trait as an indicator of genetic selection for RFI is difficult. However, body measurement traits can be indirect indicators of improved RG. Our results also suggest that genetic improvement of both RFI and RG without reducing CWT and BMS could be achieved using selection indices that account for a balance of body conformation using multiple-body measurement traits in Japanese Black cattle.

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by single surgeon: Before and after learning curve in a non-tertiary low volume bariatric center.

In Korea, the need for bariatric surgery (BS) is increasing because of the increasing incidence of morbid obesity. There is no special training program for BS, and most BS are conducted in non-tertiary hospitals in capital area. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) before and after the learning curve (LC) to prove that the barrier of entry for LSG is not very high. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent LSG in a secondary hospital without the supervision of an experienced surgeon between April 2019 and August 2022. We compared the surgical outcomes and changes in body measurements before the LC (BL) and after the LC (AL) after 1 year of follow-up. The duration of operation for BL and AL were 118.4 and 61.9min (p=0.000), respectively. No mortality was observed. There were four and eight cases of morbidity; the weight loss after 1 year was 90.6 and 89.7kg (p=0.804); changes in body mass index (BMI) were 10.3 and 10.2kg/m2 (p=0.928); excess weight loss after 1 year was 93.0 and 89.3% (p=0.762); and excess BMI loss after 1 year was 92.7 and 89.5% (p=0.807) in the BL and AL groups, respectively. %Total weight loss was 26.8 and 23.7 in the BL and AL group. There was no statistical significance of all parameters of body measurements between two groups. LSG can be safely and effectively performed by novice bariatric surgeons in non-tertiary hospitals if patients are cautiously selected. Surgical outcomes of BL and AL is not different, except for the operation time.

Performance of cross-bred (White Pekin × Khaki Campbell) ducks under intensive system of rearing

In the present investigation, the performance of a crossbred (White pekin × Khaki Campbell) duck of meat and egg variety produced through artificial insemination were studied under intensive system of management. A total of 157 day old ducklings were reared in the experimental duck farm with standard management practice of brooding, and growing with balanced feed and health management. However, at 16th wk of age, 30 female ducks were confined to individual cage to record their egg laying performances. The growth performance revealed the significant difference between male and female from 8th to 24th week of age. Most of the body measurement parameters found higher than that of Khaki Campbell and less than that of White Pekin ducks of similar age. The blood biochemistry estimates revealed no variation between male and female ducks except for albumin and calcium wherein the value is highly significant for females. The carcass quality estimates of 20th week male ducks were at par with their age. The average age of sexual maturity was recorded as 131.83±1.65 days and age at 50% egg production in the flock was 139 days. The duck day egg production per cent up to 45th week of age was 80.31±3.44 and it was also recorded that in 108 occasions, one duck laid more than one egg. The egg estimates study of the experimental duck eggs (100 nos) at 40 wks age revealed 62.31± 0.44 g egg weight and 92.378 ± 0.453 as Hague unit scale. The study revealed that the production and reproduction parameters of the cross-bred (WP × KC) ducks may meet the expectation of farmers to be benefitted through both meat and egg production.

Handgrip Strength Is Positively Associated with 24-hour Urine Creatine Concentration

Muscle mass evaluation methods are often expensive and therefore limited in their daily use in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the relationship between hand grip strength (HGS) and other parameters of body measurements with urine creatinine, especially to investigate whether HGS measurement is an indicator of muscle metabolism. In total, 310 relatively healthy people (mean age 47.8 + 9.6; 161 people or 51.9% of the total population were men) who were undergoing preventive examinations were included in this study and given a container to collect 24-h urine, and the amount of creatinine in the urine was determined by a kinetic test without deproteinization according to the Jaffe method. A digital dynamometer (Takei Hand Grip Dynamometer, Japan) was used in the measurement of HGS. There was a significant difference in 24-h urine creatinine (24 hCER) between the sexes, with a mean of 1382.9 mg/24 h in men and 960.3 mg/24 h in women. According to the correlation analysis, the amount of urine creatinine was related to age (r = -0.307, p < 0.001 in men, r = -0.309, p < 0.001 in women), and HGS (r = 0.207, p = 0.011 in men, r = 0.273, p = 0.002 in women) was significant for either sex. However, other parameters of body measurements, such as girth, forearm circumference, and muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance, were not related to urine 24 hCER. A correlation between HGS and 24 hCER was observed in age groups. We found that HGS is a potential marker in muscle metabolism assessment that is proven through 24 hCER. In addition, therefore, we suggest using the HGS measure in clinical practice to evaluate muscle function and well-being.

Assessment of phenotype, its correlations and prediction of live body weight in goat (Capra hircus) raised under hot semi-arid region of India

The present investigation was carried out on 1,070 local goats named as Udgiri goat in 242 villages from Marathwada and western Maharashtra during 2018 to 2021. The average body weight of adult Udgiri male goat is 42.77±3.94 kg while female weight is 32.98±3.44 kg and was highest than any other recognized indigenous goat breeds of Maharashtra. The average body length was 76.53±3.53 cm, height at withers was 74.65±1.65 cm, chest girth was 74.46±1.72 cm, paunch girth was 73.54±3.88 cm, tail length was 18.50±1.94 cm, horn length was 16.96±1.18 cm and ear length was 22.23±2.27 cm in male. While, in female goat, the average body length was 72.21±2.53 cm, height at withers was 68.7±2.68 cm, chest girth was 71.95±1.74 cm, paunch girth was 74.24±1.83 cm, tail length was 18.52±2.96 cm, horn length was 17.52±1.26 cm and ear length was 21.73±2.91 cm. The highest and positive significant correlation was noticed between live body weight and almost all body measurement parameters in all four age groups. The highest positive significant correlation (0.82) was found between live body weight and body length in the group of adult goat, hence, it may be used as selection criteria for goat and selection based upon these body measurements should improve the meat production. The multiple linear regression model revealed high level of coefficient of determination and low RMSE for prediction of live body weight using linear body measurements parameters.

Use of iodine and selenium enriched fodder rations for production of fortified young lamb

The article is devoted to preventive measures to eliminate the problem of dysmicroelementosis in order to increase the productivity of young sheep. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of feeding rations on the growth and development of young sheep of the Edilbaev breed, on the level of their meat productivity and the qualitative characteristics of biologically fortified lamb. Feed additives based on Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25 were added to the main ration of lambs at the age of four months, once a day, being added into a fodder mixture with concentrates. For the experiment the herd of lambs was divided to four groups of 25 heads each.The changes in live weight at the age of four, five, six and seven months were analyzed, and it was found that at the age of seven months, the absolute average weight gain in the experimental groups varied from 3.45 kg to 4.49 kg, in the control group it was 3.1 kg, while the largest live weight gain was recorded in group III which received both feed additives based on Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25.There were no significant differences in the parameters of body measurements, with the exception of group III, where the chest circumference increased by 7.2%, and the height of a lamb at the withers increased in average by 8.1%. It was found that group III had the highest meat density coefficient, equal to 3.9, and the cross-sectional area of m. Longissimus dorsi was equal to 13.61 cm2. It was noted that the amount of free amino acids of the lamb group III is 18.8% higher than the meat of the control group. The lamb obtained from the animals of the experimental groups showed a higher protein content and less fat. The ratio of water to protein in all samples was slightly higher than 3.7, which corresponds to the Federa number for meat raw materials. Enriching the rations of the Edilbaevskoy sheep with feed additives Yoddar-Zn and DAFS-25 promotes the stimulation of growth and development of animals, increases the productivity and nutritional value of lamb.

Correlation of milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements of white Fulani calves in semi-intensive system of management

Body weight of animals in the rural areas has not been accurately ascertained due to lack of accurate measurement scales, hence this experiment. The study was conducted to determine the correlation between milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements in white Fulani calves raised in semi-intensive system of management. A total of seven (7) white Fulani calves managed semi-intensively was used for the study. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The overall mean±SEM value for milk intake, body weight, neck circumference, neck length, body length, body circumference, girth circumference, height at wither and tail length were 1.20±0.40g, 5.18±1.02kg, 21.54±0.66cm, 13.23±0.21cm, 28.36±0.31cm, 36.41±0.43cm, 35.84±0.37cm, 35.87±0.43cm and 23.43±0.39cm respectively. There was significant (P&lt;0.05) effect of lactation stage on all body measurements taken except for neck circumference and tail length. Correlation between all body pairs of measurements were high, positive and highly significant (P&lt;0.05). The highest correlation was recorded for body length, body circumference, girth circumference and height at wither. Linear function provided the best fit for milk intake weight and linear body measurements indicating that body measurements can be used for selection and the estimation of body weight in the fields where accurate scales are not usually available. It is recommended that any of the body measurement parameters could be used in the estimation of the body weight. Also, an improvement of non-genetic factor such as nutrition and general husbandry of the animal as much as possible will bring about improvement in the body parameters as well as maintaining the animal's physiological balance.

OP6 Fight back with fitness: A focus on improvement in general wellbeing and reduction of recurrence of breast cancer with exercise

Background and Purpose The correlation between reduction in breast cancer recurrence associated with exercise is still the subject of research. It has been proposed that there is a ‘sweet spot’ in level of exercise needed to achieve positive outcomes in reduction of recurrence in breast cancer patients.2 There is also ongoing research into the additional effects that exercise has on the general well-being for these patients.1 Methods Through multidisciplinary team input including exercise physiologists, with programs based on Edith Cowan protocols, dieticians, nursing and medical specialists the outcomes of breast cancer patients in the Greater Darling Downs region participating in a 10 week individualised and supervised program have been measured over varying parameters. Parameters such as quality of life data assessed by the DAS 42, aerobic fitness and strength, body measurements (waist and hip circumference) and DEXA scans assessing body weight, fat mass and lean mass have all been collected for each patient. Results The first 7 cohorts of patients, totaling 84, have now had figures collated with initial results identifying:-Improvement in QOL Data with reduction in depression, anxiety and stress scoring-Reduction on body measurement parameters of waist and hip circumference-Increased muscle mass and decreased body fat mass-Measured increase in aerobic fitness, strength and resistance training ability of participants. Conclusions Economic support for this program would enable continued participation in prescribed exercise for over 100 patients per year and would enable continued research into the effect of a designed exercise program both on the general wellbeing and fitness levels of patients after breast cancer diagnosis and may also allow further insight into the effect of exercise on survivorship. 1. Twenty-five years of research on the effects of exercise training in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review of the literature Claudio L Battaglini, Robert C Mills, Brett L Phillips, Jordan T Lee, Christina E Story, Marcelo GB Nascimento, Anthony Carl Hackney World J Clin Oncol. 2014 May 10; 5(2): 177–190. Published online 2014 May 10. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.1772. Physical Activity and Survival After Breast Cancer Diagnosis Michelle D. Holmes, Wendy Y. Chen, Diane Feskanich, Candice H. Kroenke, Graham A. Colditz JAMA, 2005 May 25, Vol 293, No. 20: 2479-2486

Body Measurements and Condition Score in Boer Growing Kids

Seven Boer kids from the age of 4 – 5 months and were kept under a semi-intensive system. The linear body measurement parameters viz. body weight, stature, chest width, heart girth / chest girth, wither height, body depth, body length, flank width, rump width, testicular length, body condition score and libido were increased gradually from 29th to 49th weeks of age and were statistically significant at 1% (P

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR BODY MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH BODY WEIGHT IN BARKI LAMBS

The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of direct and maternal effects on the body measurements and live weight of Barki lambs. Data of 214 lambs progenies from 36 sires and 98 dams recorded of Barki of Sheep flock in Maryout Research Station at DesertResearchCenter was used to estimate the genetic parameters of body measurements and yearling live weight in Barki lambs. The used traits in present study were: body length (BL), height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG) and yearling weight (YW). The estimations were done by using DFREML software. Direct heritability by single trait analysis was estimated 0.10, for BL, 0.18, for HW, 0.10, for HG, and 0.10, for YW. The effect of permanent environmental due to dam was estimated 0.05, 0.02, 0.06 and 0.04 for BL, HW, HG and YW, respectively. Using bivariate analysis, additive genetic correlations were estimated 0.75, 0.76 and 0.93 between YW and each of BL, HW and HG, respectively. High and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations indicate that an improvement in body measurements both at the genetic and phenotypic level is expected through selection on body weight and vice versa.

Estimation of genetic parameters for body measurements and their association with yearling liveweight in the Makuie sheep breed

The main objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for body measurement and yearling live bodyweight traits in the Makuie sheep breed. The data set consisted of 2 144 lambs from 122 sires and 984 dams recorded in 21 years from 1989 to 2009 at the Makuie Sheep Breeding and Raising Station (MSBS). The traits that were studied were height at withers, height at rump, body length, heart girth, leg circumference and yearling weight. The analyses were carried out based on an animal model with the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach using a derivate-free (DF) algorithm. Six animal models were fitted, differentiated by including or excluding maternal effects, and with and without covariance between maternal and direct genetic effects. Ignoring the maternal effects, the direct heritability was estimated as 0.20, 0.24, 0.10, 0.14, 0.02 and 0.36 for height at wither, height at rump, body length, heart girth, leg circumference and yearling weight, respectively. The estimates were slightly higher when maternal effects, genetic or environmental, were ignored in the analyses. Using bivariate analysis, the estimates for additive genetic correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.81 among the studied traits. A log-likelihood ratio test (LRT) was used to select the most appropriate univariate model for each trait. Based on LRT, the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects were regarded as an important source of variation of the studied traits. The estimates of genetic parameters can be considered a basis for calculating selection indices for body measurements, as well as revealing their association with yearling bodyweight traits.Keywords: (Co) variance components; direct and maternal effects; heritability

Haplotype combination of polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with growth traits in Qinchuan cattle

Adiponectin modulates lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissues and is also related to bone metabolism. Polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene likely have an impact on growth traits in cattle. In this study, we examined the relationship between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and body measurement parameters in Chinese beef cattle. First, we sequenced ADIPOQ and 1.2 kb of DNA upstream of its promoter, and we found 14 polymorphisms. With the luciferase reporter assay, we showed that the two polymorphisms SNP PR_-135 A>G and PR_-68 G>C, which are located in the core region of promoter, influence promoter activity of ADIPOQ. Second, we identified three haplotypes involved in these two polymorphic sites: A (A-135/C-68), B (A-135/G-68), and C (G-135/G-68). Haplotypes B and C are major haplotypes in five Chinese populations of cattle (Qinchuan, Nanyang, Jiaxian, Hazakh, and Chinese Holstein). We studied the effects of these three haplotypes on body measurements, gene expression, and promoter activity, and we found that the genotypes are associated with body measurement parameters in Qinchuan cattle. Individuals with genotype BC (AG/GG) had significantly higher body height and heart girth than others, and this result may be interpreted by the following two observations. The promoter activity with haplotype B (A/G) is significantly higher than those with A (A/C) and C (G/G) in driving reporter gene transcription; the ADIPOQ mRNA level in cattle with genotype BC (AG/GG) is relatively lower than that in cattle with genotype BB (AA/GG).

HERITABILITY PARAMETERS FOR SOME BODY MEASUREMENTS IN TURKISH ARABIAN FOALS

Summary The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of body measurements in Turkish Arabian foals. Records of wither height, front cannon circumference, heart girth, and body length were used for body measurements at birth, 6 months of age, 1-year-old and 2-year-old. Heritability of body measurements of Turkish Arabian foals was estimated by using records of foals sired by stallions which had at least 5 foals. Body measurement records at birth of 1597 foals sired by 40 stallions were used in heritability calculation of withers height, front cannon circumference, and heart girth. Heritability of all body measurements was estimated by paternal half-sib method. Estimated heritability ranged from 0.05 (heart girth) to 0.58 (wither height). Heritability estimates can be used to improve body measurements of Turkish Arabian horses. These results indicate that mass selection method based on the individual phenotype of the horses at different ages can provide genetic improvement in the herd. Phenotypic correlations between body measurements at consecutive age periods were all positive, ranging from 0.22 to 0.63. Thus, early body measurements of the Turkish Arabian foals can be used for prediction of the size of the adult horse.

Hyperinsulinaemia in migraineurs is associated with nitric oxide stress

There is growing evidence that alterations in the insulin and glucose metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Nitric oxide (NO) stress has been associated with migraine. However, the role of NO on the insulin and glucose metabolism in migraineurs has remained elusive to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the insulin and glucose metabolism in migraineurs and to determine possible interactions with the NO pathway. One hundred and twenty non-obese probands participated in this study, including 48 migraineurs and 72 healthy volunteers. Various parameters of the NO pathway, glucose metabolism as well as body measurement parameters were determined. We found a highly significantly increased insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA)-index in migraine patients, whereas fasting glucose was decreased. Logistic regression revealed an odds ratio of 5.67 for migraine, when comparing the lowest with the highest quartile of HOMA. Multivariate analysis showed that HOMA, waist-to-length ratio and nitrite as parameters of NO stress were highly significantly correlated. We show here that hyperinsulinaemia is associated with migraine and, furthermore, is correlated with increased NO stress. These findings represent a new pathophysiological mechanism that may be of clinical relevance.

Decreased anaerobic performance and hormone adaptation after expedition to Peak Lenin

The change of anaerobic exercise abilities during and after a high-altitude expedition or hypoxic exposure is not well studied. To evaluate the effects of an extreme-altitude expedition on anaerobic performance, the 10-second supramaximal test and endocrine hormones were evaluated before and after an expedition to Peak Lenin. Four subjects (3 male and 1 female, age (30.5 +/- 16.5) years) were recruited into the study. Three sets of tests were performed, including a basic test at sea level and 20 days before first arrival at the base camp (3600 m), a middle test done at day after returning from the summit to the base camp and the post test at the 10th day after return to the sea level. Both the supramaximal test, performed by a cycle ergometer, and body composition, performed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, were completed before the basic test and post test. The endocrine hormones including cortisol, growth hormone, testosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glucagon and beta-endorphin were measured at all tests. Comparing the conditions before and after the expedition, the body measurement parameters were decreased after the expedition, i.e., body weight (-4.22%, P < 0.05), fat-free mass (-2.09%, P < 0.01) and body fat (-8.95%, P = 0.172). The peak power relative/body weight ratio (PP/BW) was similar ((9.70 +/- 1.97) vs (9.11 +/- 1.80) W/kg, P = 0.093), while mean power/body weight ratio (MP/BW) was reduced significantly after the expedition ((9.14 +/- 1.77) vs (8.33 +/- 1.74) W/kg, P < 0.05). Peak power/fat-free mass (PP/FFM), mean power/fat-free mass (MP/FFM) and fatigue index (FI) were significantly lower after the expedition (PP/FFM: (11.95 +/- 1.71) vs (10.99 +/- 1.59) W/kg, P < 0.05; MP/FFM: (11.26 +/- 1.50) vs (10.04 +/- 1.55) W/kg, P < 0.005; FI (85.55 +/- 4.17)% vs (77.25 +/- 4.40)%, P < 0.05). Hormone assays showed a significant increase of noradrenaline (basic vs middle, P < 0.05) as well as decrease of adrenaline (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a trend towards an increase in dopamine (basic vs middle) and a decrease of beta-endorphin (basic vs post) were also noted. These results suggested that an expedition to an extreme altitude may have negative effects on anaerobic performance. It showed that a significant increase of noradrenaline (basic vs middle) as well as decrease of adrenaline after the expedition to Peak Lenin had occurred. The real physiological significance needs to be further investigated.

Pemilihan Model Terbaik Dalam Analisa Regresi studi Kasus Pendugaan Bobot Hidup sapi Persilangan Simental Dengan sapi PO Berdasarkan Ukuran - Ukuran Tubuh.

The objective of the research was to find out the best model of regression equation in predicting body weight of F2 by using body measurement parameters of Simental and Ongole Cross cattle. Eighty two bulls kept by farmer in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra were used in this study. Each bull was measured for their body parantetrs. The parameter measured included body wight (BH), body length (PB), thorax circle (LD), shoulder high (TP) and age in month (US). The data were than statistically analysis by regressin analysis, where the dependent variable was BH, while the independent were PB, LD, TP and US. Criteria for choosing the best equation were R2, R2 Adjusted, Mean square Error (MSE), and Cp Mallow's. The best equation with one independence variable is BH : 6,024 LD - 602,996, the best model with two independence variable is BH : 3,991 PB + 3,809 LD - 775,596, the best model with three independence variable is BH: 3,23 PB + 3,508 LD + 1,855 TP - 852,371 and the best model with four independence variable is BH : 3,20 PB + 3,597 LD + 1,836 TP - 0,181 US - 657,598. The best equation for estimation of body weight was found by using three independence variable of BH: 3,23 PB + 3,508 LD + 1,855 TP - 852,371.