Parameters In Lung Cancer Research Articles

A mathematical model for cancer risk and accumulation of mutations caused by replication errors and external factors.

Replication errors influence mutations, and thus, lifetime cancer risk can be explained by the number of stem-cell divisions. Additionally, mutagens also affect cancer risk, for instance, high-dose radiation exposure increases lifetime cancer risk. However, the influence of low-dose radiation exposure is still unclear because this influence, if any, is very slight. We can assess the minimal influence of the mutagen by virtually comparing the states with and without mutagen using a mathematical model. Here, we constructed a mathematical model to assess the influence of replication errors and mutagens on cancer risk. In our model, replication errors occur with a certain probability during cell division. Mutagens cause mutations at a constant rate. Cell division is arrested when the number of cells reaches the capacity of the cell pool. When the number of cells decreases because of cell death or other reasons, cells resume division. It was assumed that the mutations of cancer driver genes occur stochastically with each mutation and that cancer occurs when the number of cancer driver gene mutations exceeds a certain threshold. We approximated the number of mutations caused by errors and mutagens. Then, we examined whether cancer registry data on cancer risk can be explained only through replication errors. Although the risk of leukemia was not fitted to the model, the risks of esophageal, liver, thyroid, pancreatic, colon, breast, and prostate cancers were explained only by replication errors. Even if the risk was explained by replication errors, the estimated parameters did not always agree with previously reported values. For example, the estimated number of cancer driver genes in lung cancer was larger than the previously reported values. This discrepancy can be partly resolved by assuming the influence of mutagen. First, the influence of mutagens was analyzed using various parameters. The model predicted that the influence of mutagens will appear earlier, when the turnover rate of the tissue is higher and fewer mutations of cancer driver genes were necessary for carcinogenesis. Next, the parameters of lung cancer were re-estimated assuming the influence of mutagens. The estimated parameters were closer to the previously reported values. than when considering only replication errors. Although it may be useful to explain cancer risk by replication errors, it would be biologically more plausible to consider mutagens in cancers in which the effects of mutagens are apparent.

Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in primary lung cancer: Results from a tertiary care centre.

Context:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters can be used to evaluate the vascular flow dynamics of lung tumours. We set out to evaluate the CTP parameters in lung cancer and correlate them with histopathological subtype and other characteristics of patients with Lung Cancer.Settings and Design:This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care referral hospital in western India.Methods:Between January 2019 and July 2020, CTP was performed in 46 patients of lung cancer with histopathological confirmation. The CTP parameters were evaluated in detail and correlated with histopathological subtypes, staging and immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, Box and whiskers plot graph and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:The most common subtype was adenocarcinoma (AC) in 21 patients, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 15 patients and others in 10 patients. Statistically significant difference in blood flow (BF) (f = 5.563, P = 0.007), blood volume (BV) (f = 3.548, P = 0.038) and permeability/flow extraction (FE) (f = 3.617, P = 0.036) were seen in different histopathological subtypes of lung cancer. BF is the main perfusion parameter for differentiation of AC from SCC. P63 positive lesions showed statistically significant lower BF, BV and FE parameters compared to P63 negative lesions (P = 0.013, 0.016 and 0.014, respectively). Different T stages showed statistically significant differences in BF (f = 3.573, P = 0.037), BV (f = 5.145, P = 0.010) and in FE (f = 4.849, P = 0.013).Conclusion:CTP is a non-invasive imaging method to assess the vascular flow dynamics of the tumours that may predict the histopathological subtypes in lung cancer. It can be used to target large-sized lesions during biopsy and to predict the chemotherapy response.

Aldolase A and Phospholipase D1 Synergistically Resist Alkylating Agents and Radiation in Lung Cancer.

Exposure to alkylating agents and radiation may cause damage and apoptosis in cancer cells. Meanwhile, this exposure involves resistance and leads to metabolic reprogramming to benefit cancer cells. At present, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Based on the profiles of several transcriptomes, we found that the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and the production of specific metabolites are related to these events. Comparing several particular inhibitors, we determined that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) plays a dominant role over other PLD members. Using the existing metabolomics platform, we demonstrated that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are the most critical metabolites, and are highly dependent on aldolase A (ALDOA). We further demonstrated that ALDOA could modulate total PLD enzyme activity and phosphatidic acid products. Particularly after exposure to alkylating agents and radiation, the proliferation of lung cancer cells, autophagy, and DNA repair capabilities are enhanced. The above phenotypes are closely related to the performance of the ALDOA/PLD1 axis. Moreover, we found that ALDOA inhibited PLD2 activity and enzyme function through direct protein–protein interaction (PPI) with PLD2 to enhance PLD1 and additional carcinogenic features. Most importantly, the combination of ALDOA and PLD1 can be used as an independent prognostic factor and is correlated with several clinical parameters in lung cancer. These findings indicate that, based on the PPI status between ALDOA and PLD2, a combination of radiation and/or alkylating agents with regulating ALDOA-PLD1 may be considered as a new lung cancer treatment option.

Pulmonary lesions: correlative study of dynamic triple-phase enhanced CT perfusion imaging with tumor angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression

BackgroundTo investigate value of the quantitative perfusion parameters of dynamic triple-phase enhanced CT in differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions, and explore the correlation between perfusion parameters of lung cancer with microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods73 consecutive patients with lung lesions who successfully underwent pre-operative CT perfusion examination with dynamic triple-phase enhanced CT and received a final diagnosis by postoperative pathology or a clinical follow-up. The cases were divided into malignant and benign groups according to the pathological results. CT perfusion parameters, such as Median, Mean, Standard deviation (Std), Q10, Q25, Q50, Q75, Q90 of pulmonary artery perfusion (PAP), bronchial artery perfusion (BAP), perfusion index (PI) and arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) were obtained by performing computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI). Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters were compared between malignant and benign lesions. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficiency of CTP parameters in diagnosing malignant lesions. The correlations between CTP parameters with MVD and VEGF were analysed in 36 lung cancer patients who had extra sections be used for immunohistochemistry staining of CD34 and VEGF.ResultsBAP (Mean, Std, Q90) and PI Std of benign lesions were higher than malignant lesions (p < 0.05), and PAP (Q10, Q25), PI (Median, Mean, Q10, Q25, Q50) of malignant lesions were higher than the benign (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of PI Mean, PI Q10 and PI Std was 0.722 (95% CI = [0.595–0.845]), 0.728 (95% CI = [0.612–0.844]) and 0.717 (95% CI = [0.598–0.835]) respectively. Partial perfusion parameters of BAP and AEF Q10 were positively correlated with MVD (p value range is < 0.001–0.037, ρ value range is 0.483–0.683), and partial perfusion parameters of PI were negatively correlated with MVD (p value range is 0.001–0.041,ρvalue range is − 0.523–− 0.343). Partial perfusion parameters of BAP and AEF Q10 were positively correlated with VEGF (p value range is 0.001–0.016, ρvalue range is 0.398–0.570), meanwhile some perfusion parameters of PAP and PI were negatively correlated with VEGF (p value range is 0.001–0.040, ρ value range is − 0.657–0.343).ConclusionsQuantitative parameters of dynamic triple-phase enhanced CT can provide diagnostic basis for the differentiation of lung lesions, and there were connection with tumor angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression.

Differences among [18F]FDG PET-derived parameters in lung cancer produced by three software packages

Investigation of differences in derived [18F]FDG PET metabolic and volumetric parameters among three different software programs in lung cancer. A retrospective analysis was performed on a group of 98 lung cancer patients who underwent a baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT study. To assess appropriate delineation methods, the NEMA phantom study was first performed using the following software: Philips EBW (Extended Brilliance Workstation), MIM Software and Rover. Based on this study, the best cut-off methods (dependent on tumour size) were selected, extracted and applied for lung cancer delineation. Several semiquantitative [18F]FDG parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG and MTV) were assessed and compared among the three software programs. The parameters were assessed based on body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM) and Bq/mL. Statistically significant differences were found in SUVmean (LBM) between MIM Software and Rover (4.62 ± 2.15 vs 4.84 ± 1.20; p < 0.005), in SUVmean (Bq/mL) between Rover and Philips EBW (21,852.30 ± 21,821.23 vs 19,274.81 ± 13,340.28; p < 0.005) and Rover and MIM Software (21,852.30 ± 21,821.23 vs 19,399.40 ± 10,051.30; p < 0.005), and in MTV between MIM Software and Philips EBW (19.87 ± 25.83 vs 78.82 ± 228.00; p = 0.0489). This study showed statistically significant differences in the estimation of semiquantitative parameters using three independent image analysis tools. These findings are important for performing further diagnostic and treatment procedures in lung cancer patients.

Possible immunologic predictors of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors' efficiency in lung cancer patients.

e21035 Background: Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 check-point inhibitors (CPI) is a new trend in oncology. Their effect significantly depends on the patients` immune status. The aim of the study was to search the immunologic parameters of lung cancer (LC) patients receiving immunotherapy as factors that could predict their effect. Methods: 20 patients (12 male and 8 female) with LC had adenocarcinoma – 15 (75%), squamous cell carcinoma – 5 (25%). PD-1/PD-L1 CPI were used: 9 patients received atezolizumab (43%), 9 (43%) – pembrolizumab and 3 (14%) – nivolumab. The effect of therapy was evaluated according to imRECIST v.1.1. Factors of cell-mediated immunity were assessed by flow cytometry before treatment including immunotherapy. CD8+CD279+, CD4+CD279+, TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, TLR8 were studied. Results: Complete response was observed in 2 (9%) patients, partial response in 5 (24%), stabilization in 4 (19%) and progression in 8 (38%). In one patient the treatment was cancelled due to the development of immune-mediated complication (Guillain-Barre syndrome). The factors studied varied depending on different effect. In cases of LC stabilization/progression the initial amount of CD8+CD279+ cells were twice lower than in cases with complete/partial response. In the first group CD8+CD279+ cells` level before the treatment was 0,1-3,4%, while in the other group 4,1-9% (7,0±1,16%). In patients with stabilization/progression CD4+CD279+ cells` level before the immunotherapy was 0,1-3,3 and in patients with response to treatment 1,4-7,8% (3,4±0,8%) of total CD4+ lymphocytes. Besides, the LC patients with different effect of treatment had different initial amount of CD4+ Tem cells: stable response to CPI developed in patients with their higher levels (40,8±3,9%) vs 15,3±3,9% in cases of tumor progression (p &lt; 0.05). Initial high expression of TLR2 and TLR4 as well as low expression of TLR3 and TLR8 on monocytes in patients with response to immunotherapy suggests the contribution of innate immunity to its effect. Conclusions: Complete or partial response should be expected in cases of initially high per cent of T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+) CD4+ Tem cells and TLR2+, TLR4+ as well as low amount of TLR3+ and TLR8+ monocytes. These factors should be studied in future as predictive factors for effectiveness of CPI.

Correlation between spread through air spaces (STAS) and other clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer

Background“Spread through airspace” (STAS) is defined as micropapillary clusters, solid nests or single cells of tumor extending beyond the edge of the tumor into the air spaces of the surrounding lung parenchyma. It is associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. Assessment of STAS in lung cancer appears to be necessary to guide clinical interventions. However, data on the correlation between the status of STAS and other lung cancer clinicopathological parameters are scarce. MethodsWe reviewed 240 resected lung cancers and investigated the clinical significance of STAS in relation to other relevant lung cancer clinicopathological variables. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with STAS as a dependent variable. ResultsOf the total 240 patients, STAS was observed in 67 (27.9 %) of them. STAS is highly prevalent in adenocarcinoma with a micropapillary growth pattern (70.0 %) than in other lung cancer growth patterns. STAS was frequently reported in wedge resections (31.0%) than in lobectomy specimens (26.7 %). STAS was significantly associated with advanced pN stage (p < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.005). In multivariate models, we found that lung cancers in the right lower lobe (RLL) (OR, 2.674; 95 % CI = 1.313−5.448, p = 0.007), micropapillary lung cancer growth pattern (OR = 5.199, 95 % CI = 1.220−22.162, p = 0.026), and pN2 stage (OR = 3.683, 95 % CI = 1.324−10.245, p = 0.013) serve as independent predictors for STAS. ConclusionOur findings suggest that the presence of STAS is associated with right lower lobe tumors, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and pN2 tumor stage. Hence, it could serve as one of the prognostically significant histologic findings in lung cancer. It is thus valid to mandate reporting STAS status in CAP surgical pathology lung cancer case summaries.

Prediction of radiation pneumonitis using dose-volume histogram parameters with high attenuation in two types of cancer: A retrospective study.

The constraint values of dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters for radiation pneumonitis (RP) prediction have not been uniform in previous studies. We compared the differences between conventional DVH parameters and DVH parameters with high attenuation volume (HAV) in CT imaging in both esophageal cancer and lung cancer patients to determine the most suitable DVH parameters in predicting RP onset. Seventy-seven and 72 patients who underwent radiation therapy for lung cancer and esophageal cancer, respectively, were retrospectively assessed. RP was valued according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. We quantified HAV with quantitative computed tomography analysis. We compared conventional DVH parameters and DVH parameters with HAV in both groups of patients. Then, the thresholds of DVH parameters that predicted symptomatic RP and the differences in threshold of DVH parameters between lung cancer and esophageal cancer patient groups were compared. The predictive performance of DVH parameters for symptomatic RP was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean lung dose, HAV30% (the proportion of the lung with HAV receiving ≥30 Gy), and HAV20% were the top three parameters in lung cancer, while HAV10%, HAV5%, and V10 (the percentage of lung volume receiving 10 Gy or more) were the top three in esophageal cancer. By comparing the differences in the threshold for parameters predicting RP between the two cancers, we saw that HAV30% retained the same value in both cancers. DVH parameters with HAV showed narrow differences in the threshold between the two cancer patient groups compared to conventional DVH parameters. DVH parameters with HAV may have higher commonality than conventional DVH parameters in both patient groups tested.

Improved differentiation between primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis by combining dual-energy CT\u2013derived biomarkers with conventional CT attenuation

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical utility of dual-energy CT (DE-CT)–derived iodine concentration (IC) and effective Z (Zeff) in addition to conventional CT attenuation (HU) for the discrimination between primary lung cancer (LC) and pulmonary metastases (PM) from different primary malignancies.MethodsDE-CT scans of 79 patients with LC (3 histopathologic subgroups) and 89 patients with PM (5 histopathologic subgroups) were evaluated. Quantitative IC, Zeff, and conventional HU values were extracted and normalized to the thoracic aorta. Differences between groups were assessed by pairwise Welch’s t test. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of imaging parameters in LC and PM. Diagnostic accuracy was measured by the area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and validated based on resampling methods.ResultsSignificant differences between subgroups of LC and PMs were noted for all imaging parameters, with the highest number of significant pairs for IC. In univariate analysis, only IC was a significant diagnostic feature for discriminating LC from PM (p = 0.03). All quantitative imaging parameters correlated significantly (p < 0.0001, respectively), with the highest correlation between IC and Zeff (r = 0.91), followed by IC and HU (r = 0.76) and Zeff and HU (r = 0.73). Diagnostic models combining IC or Zeff with HU (IC+HU: AUC = 0.73; Zeff+HU: AUC = 0.69; IC+Zeff+HU: AUC = 0.73) were not significantly different and outperformed individual parameters (IC: AUC = 0.57; Zeff: AUC = 0.57; HU: AUC = 0.55) in diagnostic accuracy (p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionDE-CT-derived IC or Zeff and conventional HU represent complementary imaging parameters, which, if used in combination, may improve the differentiation between LC and PM.Key Points• Individual quantitative imaging parameters derived from DE-CT (iodine concentration, effective Z) and conventional CT (HU) provide complementary diagnostic information for the differentiation of primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastases.• A combination of conventional HU and DE-CT parameters enhances the diagnostic utility of individual parameters.

A systematic review of the prognostic value of texture analysis in 18F-FDG PET in lung cancer.

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the prognostic value of texture parameters derived by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) in patients with lung cancer. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 12, 2018, for original articles involving texture analysis for the prediction of prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Risk of bias in the studies was critically assessed using the QUIPS tool. The results of survival analysis in the included studies were compared. Of the 446 articles retrieved, 17 studies were eligible for inclusion. Our review suggests that the prognostic value of texture parameters in lung cancer remains unproven. Most studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. Texture parameters that described prognosis were not replicated across studies. Conflicting results on hazard ratios were found among the studies. This discrepancy is partly explained by false-positive findings originating from statistical error and variability caused by different methodologies used for image acquisition and processing in the included studies. Based on currently available evidence, there is insufficient evidence to support the prognostic value of texture analysis in 18F-FDG PET in lung cancer. Further studies implementing well-established methodologies and statistical evidence are warranted for proper validation of these promising imaging biomarkers.

Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyteratio/platelet-lymphocyteratioin lung cancers: a meta-analysis.

SettingFor now, hematological markers of inflammatory response have emerged as prognostic factors for patients with cancer. Many articles have confirm that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are relate with poor prognosis in various types of tumors.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between NLR/PLR and progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and clinicopathologic parameters in lung cancer patients.DesignWe performed relevant searches in PubMed database, Google Scholar, Springer Link. We included retrospective cohort studies that reported hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the NLR or PLR and PFS or OS.ResultsBoth high NLR (P < 0.00001) and high PLR (P = 0.01) were significantly predictive of poorer OS. It also demonstrated that elevated NLR predicted poorer PFS (P = 0.0002). High NLR was significantly associated with deeper Invasive of tumor, (P = 0.006) extensive lymph nodetastasis(N2–3) (P = 0.01), poor differentiation (P = 0.0002) and vascular invasion(P = 0.002). There was no evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis indicated that little evidence of heterogeneity. However, PLR has no prognostic significance for SCLC.ConclusionsWe provides further evidence in support of elevated NLR and PLR were predictors of poor OS and PFS in patients with lung cancer. Given this, NLR and PLR may be markers to report treatment outcomes.

The Diagnostic Value of the Correlation between Serum Anti-p53 Antibody and Positron Emission Tomography Parameters in Lung Cancer.

Objective:Mutations in the p53 gene are the most commonly observed genetic abnormalities in malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of serum anti-p53 antibody (Ab) along with the correlation between serum anti-p53 Ab level and quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) parameters such as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVave, metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and tumor size.Methods:Serum anti-p53 Ab level was studied in three groups. Patients who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging for staging of previously diagnosed lung cancer constituted the first group, while patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for evaluation of suspicious pulmonary nodules detected on thorax CT and did not show pathologic FDG accumulation (NAPN=pulmonary nodule with non avid-FDG) were enrolled in the second group. The third group consisted of healthy volunteers.Results:Twenty-eight patients with lung cancer (median age: 62.5, range: 39-77years), 28 patients with NAPN (median age: 65, range: 33-79 years), and 24 healthy volunteers (median age: 62, range: 44-74 years) were enrolled in the study. The serum anti-p53 Ab level was low in healthy volunteers while it was higher in both lung cancer patients and NAPN patients (p<0.05). When serum anti-p53 Ab level and PET parameters were evaluated, there was no significant correlation between serum anti-p53 Ab level and SUVmax, SUVave, TLG, tumor volume and tumor size of patients with lung cancer (p>0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference between serum anti-p53 Ab level and lesion size of NAPN patients (p>0.05).Conclusion:It was determined that serum anti-p53 Ab levels are not significantly correlated with PET parameters, and that serum anti-p53 Ab levels increase in any benign or malignant lung parenchyma pathology as compared to healthy volunteers. These results indicate that this Ab cannot be used as a predictor of malignancy in a lung lesion.

The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-23 is elevated in lung cancer, particularly small cell type.

Aim of the studyInterleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 play roles in inflammation and autoimmunity. The function of the IL-17/IL-23 pathway has not been completely evaluated in cancer patients. We aimed to investigate serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels and their relationship with clinicopathological and biochemical parameters in lung cancer patients.Material and methodsForty-five lung cancer patients and 46 healthy volunteers were included in the study. IL-17 and IL-23 measurements were made with the ELISA method. The ages of patients (53–84 years) and healthy subjects (42–82 years) were similar.ResultsSerum IL-23 levels were higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects (491.27 ±1263.38 pg/ml vs. 240.51 ±233.18 pg/ml; p = 0.032). IL-23 values were higher in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients than in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (1325.30 ±2478.06 pg/ml vs. 229.15 ±103.22 pg/ml; p = 0.043). Serum IL-17 levels were lower in the patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (135.94 ±52.36 pg/ml vs. 171.33 ±133.51 pg/ml; p = 0.124). Presence of comorbid disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension or chronic obstructive lung disease) did not have any effect on the levels of IL-17 or IL-23. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were positively correlated with cytokine levels, but serum albumin levels were negatively correlated.ConclusionsSerum IL-23 levels are elevated in lung cancer patients, particularly those with SCLC. IL-17 and IL-23 values are correlated with inflammatory markers in the patients.

Quantification of serum SOX2 DNA with FQ-PCR potentially provides a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer

Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), as a subunit of transcription and reprogramming factor, plays a critical role in the development and progression of many malignancies, including lung cancer through gene amplification. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the levels of serum SOX2 DNA, analyze its diagnostic value and compare it with existing clinical parameters in lung cancer, and purpose to provide a novel tumor marker for lung cancer. Serum DNA was extracted from 94 lung cancer patients, 10 benign lung diseases, and 30 healthy volunteers, and then the levels of SOX2 DNA were quantified using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS14.0. The present results show that serum SOX2 DNA level in lung cancer group was higher compared to the levels in benign lung diseases group (u = 102.0, p < 0.001) or healthy group (u = 140.0, p < 0.001), and it was closely associated with TNM stage, histopathological type, and tumor size (p = 0.031, p = 0.012, and p = 0.010, respectively). However, serum SOX2 DNA levels of lung cancer patients were not associated with age, gender, smoking status, lymph node metastasis, or tumor differentiation (p > 0.05). ROC curve showed a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 82.5% for the ability of serum SOX2 DNA to detect lung cancer at the cutoff value of 1,078.3 copies/ul. Furthermore, we assessed the associations of serum SOX2 levels with clinical existing lung tumor markers, such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen, cytokeratin fragment 21-1, and neuron-specific enolase. The sensitivity was increased from 24.9, 66.1, and 39.1 to 84.2, 92.8, and 87.5%, respectively, by the combination of serum SOX2 DNA. Taken together, quantification of serum SOX2 DNA by FQ-PCR may serve as a novel accessory diagnostic tool for the clinical screening and detection of lung cancer.

Quantification of serum HBXAP DNA in lung cancer patients by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction

Hepatitis B virus x associated protein (HBXAP), as a subunit of chromatin remodeling and spacing factor, plays a critical role in cancer development through gene amplification. In this study, we aimed to quantify the levels of serum HBXAP DNA, to analyze and compare its diagnostic value with existing clinical parameters in lung cancer, and to potentially provide a novel tumor marker for lung cancer. Serum HBXAP DNA from 65 lung cancer patients and 20 healthy controls was quantified using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) analysis. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 13.0. We found that serum HBXAP DNA levels in lung cancer patients were higher compared to healthy controls (u = 219.0, p = 0.001) and were closely associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.015 and p = 0.016, respectively). However, serum HBXAP DNA levels were not associated with patient age, gender, smoking status, histological type, or tumor size (p > 0.05). We identified a sensitivity of 61.9 % and a specificity of 93.7 % for the ability of HBXAP DNA levels to detect lung cancer at a cutoff value of 1,557.6 copies/μl. The sensitivity for existing lung-tumor markers, such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen, cytokeratin fragment 21-1, and neuron specific enolase, was increased from 35.7 %, 53.5 %, and 56.0 % to 75.0 %, 86.0 %, and 80.0 %, respectively, by inclusion of serum HBXAP DNA. Taken together, quantification of serum HBXAP DNA by FQ-PCR could potentially serve as a novel complementary tool for the clinical screening and detection of lung cancer.

Correlation of Clinically Significant Radiation Esophagitis With Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters in Lung Cancer

Correlation of Clinically Significant Radiation Esophagitis With Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters in Lung Cancer

P1-017: Prognotic value of plasma D-Dimer levels in lung carsinoma

The plasma concentrations of several proteases of the clothing system have been shown to predicy prognosis in malignancy. This study is aimed to investigate the prognostic value of plasma levels of D-Dimer and other clothing system parameters in lung cancer. Between 2004-2005 years, 100 new diagnosed lung cancer patients and and 25 healty person control groups were evaluated before treatment. These patiens has't a history of clothing system disorder or anticoaqulant therapy. Patients plasma D-Dimer and protrombine time, APTT, INR, biochemical parameters and blood count analysis were calculated. Patients lung cancer stages, age, histology, thjerapy modalities (chemotherapy cycles, radiotherapy), therapy results, survival times were determined. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out using the Cox's proportional hazards model. Patients median age was 67; 86 were male. Patients stages were; 65 % local advanced, 35% advanced disease, (stage 4). Histologic gropus were; 72% nonsmall cell carsinoma, 28% small cell carsinoma. Patients median D-Dimer levels is 1250 mgr/dl that is significantly higher than control groups. Survival times was significantly higher in low D-Dimer patients(p(<)<0.05). The plasma levels of D-dimer predicted survival independently from the clinical stage of disease, histological type and performance status (HR=5,1; 95% confidence interval). Plasma D-Dimer levels was significantly higer in metastatic disease (p<(<)0.01). As a result: These results suggest that plasma levels of D-dimer might be useful for predicting the clinical outcome in patients with lung cancer. However, further prospective studies are needed in a larger population to confirm about it and it's cutt off point in malignansy.