Parameters Of Adsorption Process Research Articles

Adsorption of Carotenoids, Chloride, and Sulfate from Annatto Dye Agro-Industrial Effluent

<p>Natural dyes, such as annatto, are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the effluents from annatto dye production pose environmental challenges due to the presence of residual dye components, organic matter, and dissolved inorganic species (chloride and sulfate). This study, the first attempt in the literature to deal with real annatto dye effluent, aimed to evaluate the use of activated carbon for the removal of carotenoids (norbixin), chloride, and sulfate. A 2³ full-factorial design was employed to optimize the adsorption process parameters (temperature, pH, and adsorbent mass). The results showed that up to 90% of carotenoids and chloride could be removed under optimized conditions (low temperature and pH). Sulfate removal was more strongly influenced by the pH of the medium, with a maximum removal of 53%. The adsorption process was well-described by empirical models, though traditional isotherm models did not adequately represent the experimental data. Hypotheses that support isotherm models such as pore homogeneity, monolayer formation, constant internal diffusion were not satisfied. This study demonstrates the potential of activated carbon adsorption as a feasible method for treating food industry effluents containing high loads of carotenoids and inorganic salts.</p>

Enhanced sorbent properties by synergistic effect of biomass extract functional groups for effective uranium uptake from aqueous system

Adsorption for uranium removal from aqueous systems has been extensively studied, due to its many advantages. However, the great costs and complexity of many sorbent preparation methods are still restricting the progress. Hence, this research aimed to introduce a novel, simple and green method for enhancing Amberlite IR-120 properties for U(VI) removal. Adsorption process parameters were evaluated by batch method and sorbent was characterized before and after uranium adsorption by FTIR, SEM and EDS analysis. The results demonstrated that sorbent was effective for U(VI) removal at pH 5, 100 mg dose with 60 mg/L of U(VI) concentration within 40 min at higher temperatures. The removal efficiency was 87.7% and process was found feasible according to thermodynamic data. Kinetic modelling showed best correlation with pseudo-second order model (r2 = 0.999) and applied isotherms could all describe investigated process suggesting a complex mechanism of U(VI) uptake. Effect of interfering ions (Pb(II), Ni(II) and Co(II)) in a concentration of 45 and 60 mg/L decreased U(VI) removal to 45%. Additionally, AAS method confirmed that used sorbent has significant affinity towards Pb(II). Desorption study revealed successful uranium recovery in up to 3 cycles of sorption/desorption. The EDS analysis revealed the uranium presence with 4.7% and FTIR analysis revealed bands characteristic for stretching vibrations of O=U=O. Proposed mechanism involved U(VI) uptake via non-covalent interactions, inter/intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and intraparticle diffusion. Techno-economic analysis showed that with used preparation method 1 g of ASP costs 0.022 $. Hence, this study offers a novel method for sorbents properties enhancements.

Silica Gel From Bagasse Ash for Methylene Blue Adsorption

Most silica sources are from non-renewable natural sand or rock materials, which affect the element's diminishing availability in the environment. Because bagasse ash has a relatively high silica concentration, it can be used as a silica source to manufacture silica gel. HCl is added during the sol-gel process of silica gel synthesis. The silica gel's characterization employs FTIR, XRD, and SEM instruments. Characterization results showed that silica gel contains silanol groups identified by the appearance of vibrations at the wavenumber of 3383,93 cm-1 and 1635,17 cm-1. Vibrations of the siloxane group appear at the wavenumber of 1020,83 cm-1 and 579,88 cm-1. Silica gel diffractogram showing dilated diffraction peaks at 2q = 22,90ᵒ. Silica gel has potential as an adsorbent in adsorbing methylene blue dye. The ideal parameters for the methylene blue adsorption process are pH 10 and 45 minutes of contact time., silica gel weight of 0.1 g, and methylene blue concentration of 100 mg/L. Using the Langmuir isotherm rule, the silica gel of bagasse ash has a high adsorption capacity of 56.818 mg/g.

Green synthesis of Carbonized Chitosan-Fe3O4-SiO2 nano-composite for adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions

Water pollution with heavy metals owing to industrial and agricultural activities have become a critical dilemma to humans, plants as well as the marine environment. Therefore, it is of great importance that the carcinogenic heavy metals present in wastewater to be eliminated through designing treatment technologies that can remove multiple pollutants. A novel green magnetic nano-composite called (Carbonized Chitosan-Fe3O4-SiO2) was synthesized using Co-precipitation method to adsorb a mixture of heavy metal ions included; cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous solutions. The novelty of this study was the synthesis of a new nano-composite which was green with magnetic properties to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its magnetic properties made it separated easily from solutions after accomplishment of the adsorption process using a magnet. Extended Freundlich isotherm was the best fitted model with maximum adsorption capacity of the metal ions mixture 2908.92 mg/g. Different experimental parameters have been studied included the initial concentration for a mixture of nickel, cobalt and copper metal ions (0.05–0.1 molar), dosage of adsorbent (0.5–3.5 g/L) and contact time (6–90 min) to investigate their changing effect on the removal percents of the heavy metal ions mixture from aqueous solutions. The experimental adsorption percent of cobalt ion ranged from 1.58 to 64.28%, nickel ion adsorption percent ranged from 10.68 to 94.12% and copper ion adsorption percent ranged from 4.41 to 76.23% at pH = 9 were based on the combination of the adsorption process parameters.

Adsorption capability and regenerability of carbon slit micropores for CO2 capture

To date, the exceptional performance of microporous carbon in CO2 capture has been widely acknowledged as a crucial step towards achieving global zero carbon emissions. In this molecular simulation study, we employ grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation (GCMC) to shed light on the significant influence of micropores on CO2 adsorption capability and regenerability, emphasizing the need for a rigorous selection of the swing adsorption process based on pore size. Our findings corroborate numerous experimental and numerical studies that the ultramicropore (pore size < 7 Å) is the appropriate range for CO2 capture, as it facilitates the formation of a horizontal monolayer of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of designing porous carbon materials with a large pore volume at the optimal ultramicropore sizes (approximately 5.8-6.4 Å depending on adsorption and desorption conditions) for obtaining high CO2 capture capacity and effective adsorbent regeneration. For the first time, taking into account the operational parameters of practical swing adsorption processes, our simulation study provides valuable guidance for selecting the most appropriate technology tailored to each specific range of micropore size in porous carbon. For porous carbon materials with an abundant volume of ultramicropores, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA), as conventional and hybrid swing adsorption processes respectively, are the most effective practices, achieving high CO2 working capacity and regenerability exceeding 80%.

Auto ignition assisted synthesis of magnetic CaFe2O4: Exploring role of fuel molecule and amplest dye dismissal

The present work explores the pioneering use of different fuels for the synthesis of CaFe2O4 (CF) nanopowder through auto-ignition synthesis (AIS) with potential application in the acid fuchsine (AF) dye removal. The results showed significant alternation in structure, morphology, and magnetic properties depending on fuel type. The morphology of the CaFe2O4 nanopowders changed from a rock-like appearance for dextrose to a porous, thick-walled network structure for sucrose. All synthesized particles showed superparamagnetic behavior, with a crystallite size of 9 nm to 16 nm. The different adsorption process parameters, including the solution pH, adsorbent amount, and contact time, were studied and optimized. The Langmuir isotherm well explains the adsorption of AF, and the maximum monolayer capacity of CF-dextrose, CF-xylitol, CF-sorbitol, and CF-sucrose was found to be 788, 1024, 1125, and 1297 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model describes the adsorption data and the value of rate constant (k2 = 2.36E-05 for CF-dextrose, 3.11E-05 for CF-xylitol, 2.70E-05 for CF-sorbitol, and 5.36E-05 for CF-sucrose) explain fast adsorption process. Furthermore, the CF nanopowder exhibits better regeneration and reusability capacity after multiple consecutive cycles, and magnetic separation aptitude makes it more convenient to isolate the adsorbent after the adsorption process.

Aqueous arsenic(V) remediation and redox transformation of arsenic(III) to arsenic(V) using Fe3O4/Douglas fir biochar

Magnetite nanoparticles were deposited on Douglas fir biochar (Fe3O4/DFBC) using aqueous, NaOH-induced chemical co-precipitation from Fe2+/Fe3+ salt solutions. Fe3O4/DFBC was used to remediate As(V)-contaminated water. Kinetics and isotherms were studied. pH 5 was selected as the optimized pH due to low iron leaching and closeness to groundwater pH. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 3 h, 2 h, and 1 h for 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/L initial As(V) concentrations, respectively. Adsorption was endothermic, and the Langmuir capacity was 6.33 mg/g at 25 °C. Ionic strength, impacts of Fe3O4/DFBC particle size, and competitive ion/molecule effects during As(V) adsorption were studied. Continuous-flow fixed-bed column breakthrough studies performed at 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/L of As(V) at pH 5 exhibited maximum capacities of 3.47, 3.99, and 3.72 mg/g, respectively. Aqueous potassium phosphate was used successfully for column regeneration. Fe3O4/DFBC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Mössbauer spectroscopy before and after As(III) and As(V) adsorption. Mössbauer found the “Fe3O4” was composed of several phases. A key target was the study of simultaneous toxic As(III) adsorption and its transformation to As(V) from pH 1–13. The highest removal of As(III) and oxidized As(V) was obtained at pH 3. The relationship between iron leaching and pH was investigated and the pH-dependent surface adsorption was monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) from pH 1 to 13. One goal of this study was to enhance the understanding of the adsorption characteristics needed for initial scaling of a treatment facility that can efficiently remediate arsenic-contaminated wastewater. Experiments were conducted using batch and fixed bed continuous flow columns to optimize adsorption process parameters under various circumstances and solution matrices. Another goal was to further establish the surface structures of the chemisorbed arsenates versus pH.

Heavy metal sequestration from wastewater by metal-organic frameworks: a state-of-the-art review of recent progress.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly promising adsorbents for removing heavy metals from wastewater due to their tunable structures, high surface areas, and exceptional adsorption capacities. This review meticulously examines and summarizes recent advancements in producing and utilizing MOF-based adsorbents for sequestering heavy metal ions from water. It begins by outlining and contrasting commonly employed methods for synthesizing MOFs, such as solvothermal, microwave, electrochemical, ultrasonic, and mechanochemical. Rather than delving into the specifics of adsorption process parameters, the focus shifts to analyzing the adsorption capabilities and underlying mechanisms against critical metal(loid) ions like chromium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury under various environmental conditions. Additionally, this article discusses strategies to optimize MOF performance, scale-up production, and address environmental implications. The comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of MOF-based adsorption for heavy metal remediation and stimulate further research in this critical field. In brief, this review article presents a comprehensive overview of the contemporary information on MOFs as an effective adsorbent and the challenges being faced by these adsorbents for heavy metal mitigation (including stability, cost, environmental issues, and optimization), targeting to develop a vital reference for future MOF research.

Response surface methodology for optimizing adsorption process parameters for tadalafil removal by raw eggshell

AbstractExcessive discharge of pharmaceutical wastes into the surface water causes harmful effect on environment, so its removal has aroused much attention in recent years. This study investigated the potential of raw eggshell as a low cost adsorbent on the removal of tadalafil by adsorption experiments. Characterization of adsorbent was investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To comprehensively evaluate the independent and interacting effects of several process factors, such as pH, temperature, and amount of adsorbent, Box-Behnken design was used. According to results of variance analysis (ANOVA) it was concluded that the second-order model had strong statistical relevance and was characterized by a high coefficient of determination (R2) value. It was clear from the experimental results that as the pH level and adsorbent amount were raised, so was the removal efficiency. At pH 5, 25 °C, and 7.5 g/100 mL of adsorbent, the greatest removal efficiency of 72.9% was attained. Furthermore, the analysis of equilibrium data showed that, in comparison to the Langmuir isotherm model, the Freundlich isotherm model offered a better fit for dye removal. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic was also evaluated and it was obtained the adsorption followed by pseudo second order model for the tadalafil removal onto eggshell.

Structure properties and industrial applications of anion exchange resins for the removal of electroactive nitrate ions from contaminated water.

The presence of nitrates in lakes, rivers, and groundwater is common. Anion exchange resins (AER) are polymeric structures that contain functional groups as well as a variety of particle sizes that are used for removing nitrate ions from solutions. This article provides a concise review of the types and properties of AER, synthesis methods, characterization, and environmental applications of AER. It discusses how different factors affect the adsorption process, isotherm and kinetic parameters, the adsorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacities. Additionally, the present review addresses AER's regeneration and practical stability. It emphasizes the progress and proposes future strategies for addressing nitrate pollution using AER to overcome the challenges. This review aims to act as a reference for researchers working in the advancement of ion exchange resins and presents a clear and concise scientific analysis of the use of AER in nitrate adsorption. It is evident from the literature survey that AER is highly effective at removing nitrate ions from wastewater effluents.

Facile and green synthesis of recyclable, environmentally friendly, chemically stable, and cost-effective magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent for tetracycline adsorption

Antibiotic contamination of water sources, particularly tetracycline (TC) contamination, has emerged as one of the global issues that needs action. In this research, ZnCoFe2O4@Chitosan (Ch) as a magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent was synthesized using the microwave-assisted co-precipitation method, and their efficiency for the TC adsorption process was investigated. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray), Mapping and line Scan, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer), VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) techniques were used to check and verify its physical and chemical properties. The removal of TC via the adsorption process from synthetic and real wastewater samples was investigated. The factors determining the TC adsorption process, comprising tetracycline concentration (5–30 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.7–2 g/L), contact time (2–45 min), and pH (3–11), were evaluated. The removal effectiveness for the synthetic sample and the real wastewater sample was 93 % and 80 %, respectively, under the ideal TC adsorption process parameters of pH 3, adsorbent dosage 1 g/L, TC initial concentration 5 mg/L, and contact time 30 min. According to kinetic and equilibrium studies, the adsorption of TC by ZnCoFe2O4@Ch follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm. Additionally, it was determined through the analysis of thermodynamic data that the process of exothermic adsorption is spontaneous and is followed by a decrease in disorder (ΔH = −15.16 kJ/mol, ΔS = −28.69 kJ/mol, and ΔG = −6.62 kJ/mol). After five cycles of recovery and regeneration, the ZnCoFe2O4@Ch magnetic nanocomposite was able to remove 65 % of the TC pollutant and had good chemical stability. The results showed that the magnetic nano-adsorbent ZnCoFe2O4@Ch is a novel magnetic nano-adsorbent with high adsorption capacity that can be utilized to eliminate pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous solutions.

Modelling and optimization of bovine serum albumin adsorption on calcium bentonite using box-behnken experimental design method

The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize the process parameters for bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto calcium bentonite (CaB) using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. Calcium bentonite was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, zeta potential measurements, and Boehm titration methods. The BSA adsorption capacity of calcium bentonite was modelled with respect to pH (2.8, 4.8, and 6.8), temperature (25 °C, 32.5 °C, and 40 °C), and initial protein concentration (0.1–1.2 mg ml−1) using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. The Design Expert 13.0 software was used to optimize the process conditions and obtain three-dimensional response surface graphs. A regression model, which gives the relationship between the process parameters and BSA adsorption capacity, was obtained using Design Expert software. The developed model showed that the most effective parameter on adsorption was the initial protein concentration followed by pH and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained about 171 mg/g under optimal conditions (pH 4.8, 40 °C, and 1 mg ml−1 of initial BSA concentration). BSA adsorption onto CaB fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model. This study showed that process parameters for BSA adsorption can be effectively investigated and optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design method with a fewer number of experiments.

Crystal violet removal using ZIF-60: Batch adsorption studies, mechanistic & machine learning modeling

This study, for the first time, reported the utilization of ZIF-60 for the adsorptive removal of organic pollutant from contaminated water. Characterization techniques were used to confirm the synthesis of ZIF-60 adsorbent which was then used to study the uptake of crystal violet (CV) from the aqueous system. A remarkably high experimental uptake (in excess of 7000 mg/g) of CV onto ZIF-60 was noted which was due to the careful selection of process parameters while conducting the batch adsorption studies. Response surface methodology technique was utilized as the tool for response optimization and for studying the effect of varying adsorption process parameters. Temperature had the most significant influence on CV adsorption followed by CV concentration, ZIF-60 dose and pH. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm investigations were conducted based on the optimized adsorption conditions, and the obtained good data fitting with more than one model suggests an intricate adsorption process. On the other hand, the thermodynamic studies revealed a highly endothermic and spontaneous process. The post adsorption analysis revealed π-π stacking interaction as the dominant force driving the uptake of CV onto ZIF-60. Additionally, several machine learning models that were based on distinct algorithms were utilized for the prediction of CV adsorption onto ZIF-60. An ensemble model that was based on the combination of several optimized models was created using the voting technique; this model proved to be the most accurate in predicting the CV uptake by ZIF-60 as suggested by its superior value for several evaluation metrics.

Powdered activated carbon adsorbent for eosin Y removal: modeling of adsorption isotherm data, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Abstract An investigation was conducted to examine the adsorption of eosin Y (EY) from aqueous solution using Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) obtained from Biochem Chemopharma (Quebec, Canada) with a surface area of 270 mg/g using the methylene blue method. The adsorption experiments showed that a contact time of 60 min resulted in a high removal efficiency of 98.25 % for EY at a concentration of 10 ppm. The study also offered insights into the effectiveness of different treatment processes and described the main physicochemical processes involved. Various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, substrate concentration, and pH were evaluated, and the data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms. The study found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better fit to the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order model. To optimize the process parameters and enhance overall efficiency, contour plots were employed in the experimental design, considering variables such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH levels. These plots visually represented the relationship between the variables and the removal efficiency of EY, enabling the identification of optimal operating conditions. The investigation’s findings contribute valuable insights into the adsorption of EY using PAC and offer practical implications for improving the efficiency of EY removal in various applications. The use of contour plots in experimental design was highlighted as a crucial tool for refining adsorption process parameters.

Experimental study of competitive heavy metals removal from multimetal solution using wheat bran as a biomaterial: Response surface methodology

AbstractBatch and continuous adsorption studies were performed for heavy metal removal from the ternary metal system using wheat bran as an adsorbent. An adsorbent pellet was prepared using clay and chitosan as a binder. For batch adsorption experiments, the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters for adsorption. In our mixed metal continuous study, cadmium (70%–80%) and chromium (74%–80%) had shown a synergistic effect on copper removal leading to an increase in breakthrough and exhaustion time. In a continuous study, a higher breakthrough time was obtained for copper at a bed height of 0.15 cm, a flow rate of 5 mL/min and an initial metal concentration of 100 mg/L. The modeling and simulation of the continuous adsorption process were performed. The breakthrough curve obtained from the model and from experiments was compared and high R2 values up to 0.99 and low chi‐square and MAPE values up to 0.018% and 0.037% indicate good fitting of model and experimental data. Regeneration studies results show that good desorption efficiency is obtained using regenerated wheat bran. The adsorbent was regenerated and reused up to five cycles and it showed good desorption efficiency of up to 95% for copper, 79% for cadmium and 80% for chromium.

Preparation of p-phenylenediamine modified polymer brush grafted PS-DVB materials for highly selective adsorption of flavonoids

Due to the low adsorption capacity and poor adsorption selectivity of the resins, the separation of flavonoids was still a challenge in the separation field. In this work, a novel polymer microspheres Polystyrene-divinylbenzene-poly(Glycidyl methacylate- p-phenylenediamine(PS-DVB-PGMA-PPD) containing PGMA polymer brushes was synthesized by combining surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) modification.The physical and chemical properties of materials were characterized by different analytical methods. It was found that the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo–second–order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters of quercetin adsorption process indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption experiments showed that the polymer PS-DVB-PGMA-PPD had the best adsorption capacity onto quercetin, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 72.68 mg/g at 318.15 K. Compared with other flavonoids and alkaloids (such as theophylline, berberine and rutin), PS-DVB-PGMA-PPD had higher adsorption capacity and better selectivity for quercetin. Hydrogen bond interaction and π - π interaction may drive the adsorption process of quercetin. In addition, When the ethanol content was 95%, the desorption rate can reach 80.9%. PS-DVB-PGMA-PPD still had good adsorption performances for quercetin after five cycles, which indicated that the material had good renewable performances. In general, the results showed that its adsorption capacity for flavonoids from complex biological systems was excellent.

Valorization of Peanut and Walnut Shells through Utilisation as Biosorbents for the Removal of Textile Dyes from Water

The present research focuses on the application of peanut and walnut shells, in their natural state, for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water solutions in batch and dynamic (flow-through) conditions. Under batch conditions, at a 100 mg/L MB concentration of aqueous solution, the optimum dose of the studied biosorbents was determined to be 2.5 g/L, reaching about 95–97% efficiency of MB removal for both materials. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to model and evaluate the experimental data under different initial concentrations of MB (25 to 100 mg/L). The determined maximum adsorption capacities are 41.50 mg/g for walnut shells and 46.80 mg/g for peanut shells. Under flow-through conditions, breakthrough curves are determined for three sizes of fractions (&lt;0.25 mm, 0.315–0.5 mm, and 0.8–1.6 mm). For peanut shells, the smaller the particle size, the higher the adsorption capacity and the column breakthrough time. For walnut shells, however, the particle size seems to have a more complex influence on the adsorption process parameters, and this phenomenon deserves future investigation. The adsorption capacity for one and the same fraction size of 0.315–0.5 mm and initial MB concentration of 50 mg/L is higher under dynamic flow conditions, i.e., 51 mg/g compared to 20 mg/g for walnut shells and 46 mg/g compared to 17.5 mg/g for peanut shells.

Biosynthesis approach of copper nanoparticles, physicochemical characterization, cefixime wastewater treatment, and antibacterial activities

The aim of this paper is the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) via Quinoa seed extract. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the production of the pure crystalline face center cubic system of the Cu NPs with an average crystallite size of 8.41 nm. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the capping and stabilization of the Cu NPs bioreduction process. UV visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). surface plasmon resonance revealed the absorption peak at 324 nm with an energy bandgap of 3.47 eV. Electrical conductivity was conducted assuring the semiconductor nature of the biosynthesized Cu NPs. Morphological analysis was investigated confirming the nano-characteristic properties of the Cu NPs as polycrystalline cubic agglomerated shapes in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis also was used to assess the cubic shapes at a particle size of 15.1 ± 8.3 nm and a crystallinity index about equal to 2.0. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) was conducted to investigate the elemental composition of the Cu NPs. As a potential utility of the biosynthesized Cu NPs as nano adsorbents to the removal of the Cefixime (Xim) from the pharmaceutical wastewater; adsorption studies and process parameters were being investigated. The following strategic methodology for maximum Xim removal was conducted to be solution pH 4, Cu NPs dosage 30 mg, Xim concentration 100 mg/L, and absolute temperature 313 K. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 122.9 mg/g according to the Langmuir isothermal model, and the kinetic mechanism was pseudo-second-order. Thermodynamic parameters also were derived as spontaneous chemisorption endothermic processes. Antibacterial activity of the Xim and Xim@Cu NPs was investigated confirming they are highly potent against each Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium.

Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic modeling of triclosan adsorption on mesoporous carbon nanosphere: Optimization using Box-Behnken design

In this study, a high-potential nanoadsorbent from mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNS) was synthesized and characterized by TEM, XRD, SEM, Raman, and BET analysis. The novel MCNS nanoadsorbent was found to has high efficiency for adsorbing triclosan (TCS) form an aqueous solution. An investigation was done on how the pH of the solution affects the adsorption equilibrium. On the other hand, adsorption isotherm models were fitted to a Langmuir model, showing that chemisorption was the technique of adsorption. The total rate of TCS adsorption on MCNS was determined using kinetic models, which were fitted to a pseudo-second-order model. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), the four adsorption process parameters of time, temperature, solution pH, and adsorbent dosage were adjusted. According to the (ΔH°), (ΔS°), and (ΔG°), TCS was endothermically and spontaneously extracted utilizing MCNS as an adsorbent. The synthesized MCNS adsorbent exhibits remarkable render ability and reusability for up to five cycles of adsorption–desorption. As a proof of concept, the produced adsorbent's efficiency was assessed for filtering wastewater samples on a lab scale. Investigate the mechanism by which the MCNS and TCS interact, since this process may include electrostatic interaction, pore filling, π-π interaction, or H-bonding. Water filtration and industrial wastewater treatment were made easy and efficient with the MCNS adsorbent. Our research indicates that our work is the first to describe how to extract TCS using MCNS adsorbent from wastewater samples. The findings show that a pH value of 6 yields a maximum TCS adsorption capability onto MCNS of 607.95 mg g−1.

Adsorption of uranium by amination mesoporous molecular sieve HMS, using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT In this study, amino modified mesoporous silica (HMS-TEEPA-TEA) was used for the first time to remove uranium (VI) from aqueous solution. The synthesized HMS-TEEPA-TEA was characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, BET and XPS techniques. The present work attempted to optimize and compare the adsorption process parameters like pH, adsorbate concentration, and adsorbent dose using Box-Behnken designs of response surface methodology. The adsorption amount and removal rate reached 337.26 mg/g and 99.57%, respectively. Model P> F < 0.0001 in this experiment (generally P > F < 0.05 is considered significant), indicating that the model is extremely significant and can be considered as highly referable for its predicted response values. The fit of the data to the Langmuir isotherm and the proposed secondary kinetics indicates that the adsorption process is monolayer and chemical in nature. The effect of copper on HMS-TEEPA-TEA adsorption is more complex than other background ions. The removal of uranium (VI) by HMS-TEEPA-TEA remained above 80% for four consecutive experiments with repeated adsorbent use. The results indicate that HMS-TEEPA-TEA is an effective adsorbent for the removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions with the advantages of low cost, high availability and easy production.