Parallel Optical Paths Research Articles

Optimization Design of Laser Arrays Based on Absorption Spectroscopy Imaging for Detecting Temperature and Concentration Fields.

Detecting temperature and concentration fields within engine combustors holds paramount significance in enhancing combustion efficiency and ensuring operational safety. Within the realm of engine combustors, the laminar absorption spectroscopy technique has garnered considerable attention. Particularly crucial is the optimization of the optical path configuration to enhance the efficacy of reconstruction. This study presents a flame parameter field reconstruction model founded on laminar absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, an optimization approach for refining the optical path configuration is delineated. In addressing non-axisymmetric flames, the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and Harris's Hawk algorithm (HHO) are employed to optimize the optical path layout across varying beam quantities. The findings underscore a marked reduction in imaging errors with the optimized optical path configuration compared to conventional setups, thereby elevating detection precision. Notably, the HHO algorithm demonstrates superior performance over the SA algorithm in terms of optimization outcomes and computational efficiency. Compared with the parallel optical path, the optimized optical path of the HHO algorithm reduces the temperature field error by 25.5% and the concentration field error by 26.5%.

Objective Design of Visible Light/Low-Light and Infrared Parallel Optical Path Fusion

Objective Design of Visible Light/Low-Light and Infrared Parallel Optical Path Fusion

Cost-Optimized Submarine Cables Using Massive Spatial Parallelism

We study the techno-economics of submarine systems constrained by a fixed electrical power supply. We show significant cost savings for high-capacity submarine systems using massive space-division multiplexing (SDM), even without assuming any savings from SDM-specific subsystem integration. Systems with about 100 parallel optical paths, e.g., $\sim$ 50 fiber pairs are shown to provide minimum cost/bit, operating at reduced spectral efficiencies and deep within the linear regime. While advanced nonlinearity-optimized fibers and digital nonlinearity compensation schemes provide little to no gain in such systems, SDM integration of amplifiers and transponders is shown to be a source for significant additional cost savings. We further examine the permissible cost premium for multicore fibers in such massively parallel systems and revisit various design tradeoffs for optical amplifiers, showing that a reduced noise figure can be traded for better power conversion efficiency. We also evaluate potential gains from increasing the available electrical supply power and discuss reliability aspects of massively parallel submarine systems.

Optical system design of the Dyson imaging spectrometer based on the Fery prism

Imaging spectrometer has obtained wide development since rich feature information can be obtained by it; now, we focus on its high spectral resolution and miniaturization. In this paper, we design the Dyson imaging spectrometer system based on Fery prism. The average spectral resolution is 4.3 nm and the structure of the total length is 229 mm. It is a small, high-spectrometer imaging system. The front and rear surface of the traditional prism are plane, but the surfaces of the Fery prism are spherical, which can provide some optical power to realize imaging function and produce the dispersion effect. The Fery prism does not need to be placed in the parallel optical path, which simplifies the collimator lens and the imaging lens and are necessary in the prism spectrometer, making it possible to obtain a compact spectrometer. Full-spectrum transmittance of the prism is up to 94 %. Compared to the convex grating, the energy efficiency is greatly improved, and the free spectral range is wider, and its dispersion will not bring higher-order spectral aliasing problem. The small high spectrometer only includes two components. Its spectral range is from 400 to 1000 nm, covering the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared. The various aberrations of the typical spectrum are corrected. The spectrometer is excellent in performance.

Theoretical analysis of stack gas emission velocity measurement by optical scintillation

Theoretical analysis for an online measurement of the stack gas flow velocity based on the optical scintillation method with a structure of two parallel optical paths is performed. The causes of optical scintillation in a stack are first introduced. Then, the principle of flow velocity measurement and its mathematical expression based on cross correlation of the optical scintillation are presented. The field test results show that the flow velocity measured by the proposed technique in this article is consistent with the value tested by the Pitot tube. It verifies the effectiveness of this method. Finally, by use of the structure function of logarithmic light intensity fluctuations, the theoretical explanation of optical scintillation spectral characteristic in low frequency is given. The analysis of the optical scintillation spectrum provides the basis for the measurement of the stack gas flow velocity and particle concentration simultaneously.

Preparation and Characterization of Monocrystal Nano-Sliver Lamella

Monocrystal nano-sliver lamella were prepared by hydrothermal method with the precursor Ag2C2O4and the surface active agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The influence of the dosage of PVA on the film thickness and yield of nano-sliver lamella (NSL) were analyzed. And the morphology, the film thickness and electron diffraction pattern of NSL were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) respectively . Furthermore,the same sample was respectively characterized by the parallel optical path and the focus optical path of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the difference between the diffraction data of these two paths was compared. The results show that the dosage of PVA has significant effect on the thickness and yield of monocrystal nano-sliver lamella. The reason that the great difference between diffraction data of the parallel light path and focusing light path can be mainly owing to the preferential orientation in space of NSL.

Spectrograph coupled with CCD module for high resolution spectroscopy measurements

A CCD-line module is built to upgrade conventional spectrograph to the CCD ability of advanced data acquisition as well as a cost-effective solution to the plasma diagnostic spectroscopy measurement needs. The CCD module is adapted to the ISP-51 (Lomo-Russia) spectrograph, used for light dispersion and as a wavelength pre-selector when a Fabry-Perot interferometer is positioned into the parallel optical path of the spectrograph. A high-resolution spectrometer system is developed both computerized and easy to maintain. The main advantage over conventional method of spectral line profile registration is achievement of single-shot capability. Thus the line profile distortions caused by intensity fluctuations, which occur during the scanning process are eliminated. The capability of the designed spectrometer are presented with the measurements of the resolved superfine structure of the Cd I 480 nm spectral line profile as well as analyzing Ar I 738.4 nm spectral line profile broadening resulting with the gas temperature determination of argon inductively coupled plasma at low pressure and applied power.

Infrared cell for supercritical fluid–polymer interactions

A novel high pressure cell for Fourier transform infrared studies of extraction, impregnation, partitioning, and interactions between supercritical fluids and polymers is presented. Two parallel optical paths through the cell permit the measurement of IR spectra of the supercritical fluid and the polymer sample under the same conditions without essential overlapping of the absorption bands studied. This cell has been applied to study the supercritical CO2 drying of poly(methyl methacrylate) using deuterated water to eliminate the overlap of the IR absorption bands of the stretching modes of water with the bands due to combination modes of CO2. The technique for attaining quantitative measurements of the partitioning of the solute between the supercritical fluid and polymer phases is described.

Architecture of an all-optical circuit-switched multistage interconnection network

An architecture of an all-optical multistage interconnection network is proposed. The network supports a circuit-switching model of communication and can provide parallel optical paths among input and output ports. It uses an address-based routing algorithm for path setup which, due to its decentralized nature, makes this network suitable for designing high-speed switching systems. These switches are commonly used in telephony and multiprocessor systems. The proposed architecture uses bistable optical devices, such as interference filters, as essential components of its switching modules. Since these devices can be easily fabricated, the implementation of this architecture is feasible. Various design issues related to optical clock generation, its distribution, data synchronization, and intensity restoration are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The Optimization of an Optical Missile Guidance Tracker

An antitank missile guidance system is described, which employs a tracker using two parallel optical paths and a pyrotechnic flare. Both optical channels are spectrally filtered; one rejects the target and views only the flare image; the other rejects the flare and views only the target. In performing the guidance tracking task, the operator superimposes the flare image on the target, thus providing steering signals to the missile. This paper describes an optimum flare as one with maximum luminous spectral emittance, minimum bandwidth, and minimum noise. Then with the selected flare as a basis, the optical components are matched individually and as an assembly to obtain maximum flare-filter system output. Calculated improvements of 100 to 250% were obtained in the performance of critical components which were reflected in the system operation and were subsequently verified by system field tests. The transmission ratios, visibility coefficients, improvement factors, and other bases for improvement are stated and discussed. Finally, the experiments performed and improvements achieved are described.