Paragraph In Column Research Articles

Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate‐Mediated RAFT Polymerization – Status of the Dilemma

Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2014, 215, 9–26 In the above article, some of the values provided in Table 1 are based on incorrect Arrhenius data and the recommended log A values were interchanged in the footnote (a). The revised data do not affect any of the conclusions drawn in the publication. Additionally, the numbers of the structures in the Schemes 4, 5 and 6 are incorrect. Please find the correct table and schemes here: On page 17, in the originally published article, the last paragraph in column 3, relating to the ‘Secondary RAFT reaction hypothesis’ is corrected to read: Li et al.[72] analysed the major products formed from in reactions of various dithiobenzoate with phenylethyl radicals formed from the corresponding alkoxyamine (29). Rate coefficients for addition and fragmentation were estimated with the aid of Monte Carlo Simulation and the assumption of a SF model, an IRT model, and a proposed new model in which the intermediate radical 27 undergoes further reaction with RAFT agent to form a new intermediate 28 as shown in Scheme 6 (Table 2). The latter process, which the authors called a “secondary RAFT reaction, seems unlikely but is, nonetheless, deserving of consideration. The process can be considered as analogous to copolymerization of the RAFT agent, which is observed as a major side reaction during macromonomer RAFT polymerization with monosubstituted monomers such as styrenes and acrylates.[73,74] However, Li et al.[72] provided no evidence for the formation of species 28 beyond their observation of an incomplete mass balance. While, the intermediate 28, If formed, could undergo reactions analogous to those ascribed to other intermediate radicals, the most likely pathway would be reversion to starting materials. The author apologizes for this inconvenience.

Erratum to: Conformation-dependent conductance through a molecular break junction

Figures 5 and 6 in the original article http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00894-013-1794-z were incorrect. Figure 5 did not show the energies of the five highest occupied and the two lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, as claimed, but rather the orbitals LUMO+2 to LUMO+8, due to an erroneous assignment of the Fermi level. Analogously, Fig. 6 showed LUMO+5 to LUMO+7 instead of HOMO–1 to LUMO. This also slightly affects the discussion of these figures on page 5 (last two paragraphs in column 1 and first paragraph in column 2). However, the main conclusions of the paper remain unchanged. Here we present the corrected Figs. 5 and 6 together with a revised discussion.

Acclimation to temperature and temperature sensitivity of metabolism by ectomycorrhizal fungi

This was published in GCB (2008/14:1169–1180). The corrections as follow do not change the main results in any way, do not affect calculations of Q10, and have no bearings on the statistical analysis of the data. (1) Fig. 2 & Fig. 3: The y-axes should read Respiration (pmol s−1 mg−1). (2) On page 1177, in the first full paragraph in column 2, respiration rates cited from Taber & Taber 1987, Souto et al. 2000, and Rygiewicz & Andersen 1994 should be 10–16 pmol CO2 s−1 mg−1, 50–70 pmol CO2 s−1 mg−1, and 11–16 pmol CO2 s−1 mg−1, respectively. These changes affect nothing in the following field respiration calculation other than the final number, which is 24 μmol CO2 s−1 mg−1 but should be 24 pmol CO2 s−1 mg−1. We apologize for the above mentioned errors.

Darius and the Bisotun Inscription: A New Interpretation of the Last Paragraph of Column IV

AbstractThe last paragraph (lines 88-92) of Col. IV of the Old Persian version of the Bisotun inscription is one of the most difficult passages in this great inscription. In it, Darius points to the addition of an 'Aryan' (i.e. Old Persian) version to the two previous (i.e. the Elamite and Babylonian) versions of the inscription. There is no firm basis for the prevailing opinion that 'Aryan' refers to the Old Persian cuneiform script, and thus concluding that this script did not exist before the Bisotun inscription. Darius also announces that the text of the inscription was copied on clay tablets and on parchment and circulated throughout his empire, adding that two items were added to the copies of the inscription. Darius's tomb inscriptions (DNa and DNb) reveal his emphasis on his genealogy, and on his virtues, skills and abilities. These are the two items which were added to the copies of the Bisotun inscription and circulated to all the provinces of the Achaemenid Empire. The old Persian words used to refer to 'genealogy' and 'personality' in this part of the inscription should be read as nāmanāfa- and uvādā- respectively.

EUCAST Technical Note on voriconazole

EUCAST Technical Note on voriconazole

EUCAST Definitive Document EDef 7.1: method for the determination of broth dilution MICs of antifungal agents for fermentative yeasts: Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)∗

INTRODUCTIONAntifungal susceptibility tests are performed onfungi that cause disease, especially if they belongto a species exhibiting resistance to commonlyused antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibilitytesting is also important for resistance surveil-lance, for epidemiological studies and forcomparing the in-vitro activity of new and exist-ing agents.Dilution methods are used to establish theMICs of antimicrobial agents. These are thereference methods for antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting, and are used mainly to establish theactivity of a new antifungal agent, to confirm thesusceptibility of organisms that give equivocalresults in routine tests, and to determine thesusceptibility of fungi where routine dilution testsmay be unreliable. Fungi are tested for theirability to produce visible growth in microdilutionplate wells containing broth culture media andserial dilutions of the antifungal agents (brothmicrodilution). The MIC is defined as the lowestconcentration (in mg⁄L) of an antifungal agentthat inhibits the growth of a fungus. The MICprovides information concerning the susceptibil-ity or resistance of an organism to the antifungalagent and can help in making correct treatmentdecisions.The method described in this document isintended for testing the susceptibility ofyeasts that cause clinically significant infections(primarily Candida spp.). The method encom-passes only those yeasts that are able to fermentglucose. Thus, the susceptibility of non-fermenta-tive yeasts, e.g., Cryptococcus neoformans, cannotbe determined by the current procedure, and themethod is not suitable for testing the yeast formsof dimorphic fungi.SCOPEThe standard method described in this documentprovides a valid method for testing the suscepti-bility of glucose-fermenting yeasts to antifungalagents by determination of the MIC. MICs indi-cate the activity of a given antifungal drug underthe described test conditions, and can be used inmaking decisions concerning patient manage-ment after taking into account other factors, e.g.,pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and resis-tance mechanisms. The MIC also allows fungi tobe categorised as ‘susceptible’ (S), ‘intermediate’(I) or ‘resistant’ (R) to a drug. In addition, MICdistributions can be used to define wild-type ornon-wild-type fungal populations.This method is intended primarily to facilitatean acceptable degree of conformity, i.e., agree-ment within specified ranges among laboratories,in measuring the susceptibility of yeasts to anti-fungal agents. The method is designed to be easyto perform, rapid, economical, and suitable forreading by microdilution plate readers in order toallow direct transfer, storage and manipulation ofthe data by computer. The method is alsointended to yield results that are concordantwith those obtained using the procedure

Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award. TNF defined as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

Nat. Med. 9, 1245–1250 (2003) A callout for Figure 3 should have been inserted on p. 1248. The last sentence of the first paragraph of column 3 should read, “...the relative rarity of sustained remission of disease (Fig. 3).” We regret the error.

Erratum

The November 1997 article “Distributing Reclaimed Water Through Dual Systems” by Daniel A. Okun, contained an incorrect statement. On page 59 in the last paragraph in column two, the sentence that reads “The LACSD, which wholesales reclaimed water to Los Angeles and cities throughout the county…” should have read “The LACSD, which wholesales reclaimed water throughout the county other than to Los Angeles itself … .” The Journal apologizes for this misinterpretation of the author's original statement.

Fire and Ice ... and Worms?

In the Perspective "alpha-Helical coiled coils: More facts and better predictions" by C. Cohen and D. A. D. Parry (28 Jan., p. 488), the second sentence of the second paragraph of column 1 on page 489 should have read, "The structural motif is indeed a left-handed three-helix bundle with left-handed chain connectivity."

Incorrect Percentage.

—In the article entitled "The Illusion of Patient Choice in End-of-Life Decisions," published in the April 15, 1992, issue ofTHE JOURNAL(1992;267:2101-2104), an incorrect percentage appeared. On page 2102, the percentage in line 15 of the second full paragraph in column two should be 77%, not 17%.

Erratum: The Global Carbon Dioxide Budget

In the article "The global carbon dioxide budget" by Eric T. Sundquist (12 Feb., p. 934), the second sentence of the third paragraph on page 935 should have read, "The ice core record from the Byrd station in Antarctica shows that CO 2 concentrations rose from 200 ppm between 17,000 and 18,000 years ago to 280 ppm between 10,000 and 11,000 years ago ( 2 )." The sixth sentence of the second paragraph of column three on the same page should have read, "There is some evidence for a significant deglacial change in terrestrial chemical weathering ( 10 )." The seventh sentence of note 66 on page 941 should have read, "I calculated the latitudinal distribution of the authors' tropical deforestation flux by assuming proportionality to the biospheric destruction terms in ( 50 )."

Erratum: Was Paul Biddle Too Tough on Stanford?

In the 21 December response by Bruce N. Ames and Lois S. Gold (Letters, p. 1645) to the letter by Frederica P. Perera (p. 1644), the last sentence of the third paragraph in column three should have read, "Both natural arsenic in water and natural radon in indoor air are present at high levels at some locations and were long neglected, while major efforts were put into miniscule amounts of industrial pollutants." In the 4 January response by Bruce N. Ames and Lois S. Gold (Letters, p. 12) to the letter by David P. Rall (p. 10), reference 11 should have read, "D. G. Hoel, J. K. Haseman, M. D. Hogan, J. Huff, E. E. McConnell, Carcinogenesis 9, 2045 (1988)"; reference 14 should have read, "E. Marshall, Science 250, 900 (1990); R. Doll, Eur. J. Cancer 26, 500 (1990); C. Hill, E. Benhamm, F. Doyon, Lancet 336, 1262 (1990); S. Freni, ibid., p. 1263."

Erratum: Response : Carcinogens and Human Health: Part 1

In the 21 December response by Bruce N. Ames and Lois S. Gold (Letters, p. 1645) to the letter by Frederica P. Perera (p. 1644), the last sentence of the third paragraph in column three should have read, "Both natural arsenic in water and natural radon in indoor air are present at high levels at some locations and were long neglected, while major efforts were put into miniscule amounts of industrial pollutants." In the 4 January response by Bruce N. Ames and Lois S. Gold (Letters, p. 12) to the letter by David P. Rall (p. 10), reference 11 should have read, "D. G. Hoel, J. K. Haseman, M. D. Hogan, J. Huff, E. E. McConnell, Carcinogenesis 9, 2045 (1988)"; reference 14 should have read, "E. Marshall, Science 250, 900 (1990); R. Doll, Eur. J. Cancer 26, 500 (1990); C. Hill, E. Benhamm, F. Doyon, Lancet 336, 1262 (1990); S. Freni, ibid ., p. 1263."

Incorrect Number

An error occurred in the Medical News & Perspectives article entitled "Some New Twists to One of Most Common Procedures in US General Surgery," published in the December 15, 1989, issue ofThe Journal. On page 3248, the first sentence of the fifth complete paragraph in column 2 should have read as follows: "(Ger followed up some of his 'inspirational' patients for as long as 10 years [not '1 year'], and their hernias didn't recur, he says.)"

Incorrect Values in Table and Text

To the Editor.— In the article titled Augmented Pituitary Corticotropin Response to a Threshold Dosage of Human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Depressives Pretreated With Metyrapone, published in the July issue of theArchives, 1 a column in the Table we originally submitted contained incorrect values. On page 644, in the Table, under the heading 10-PM Ratio of 11-Deoxycortisol to Cortisol, % (n) , the following values should have appeared: for controls, 62.2 ±8.4 (8); for primary depressives, 61.3 ± 14.7 (5); and for secondary depressives, 53.4 ±6.6 (7). column heading was also incorrect; it should have read 10-PM Ratio of 11-Deoxycortisol x 100 to 11-Deoxycortisol Plus Cortisol, %. first sentence of the second full paragraph in column 2 on page 645 should have read as follows: The degree of 11-β-hydroxylase blockade (ratio of 11-deoxycortisol x 100 to 11-deoxycortisol plus cortisol) 2 at 10 PM ranged from 53.4% to 62.2%, with no significant

Clinical Diagnosis of Mood Disorders

Abstract Vol 34: p 813: In the fifth full paragraph in column 2, the second sentence should read "In 1934, von Meduna, a Hungarian psychiatrist..." (instead of 1983), and in the third sentence "1983" should read "1938." In the acknowledgements section to this paper, "MH-4115" should read "MH-41115." p 1018: Add Richard A. Patrick to this list of authors' names. p 1113: second column, 14th line from bottom, "32.1%" should read "10.9%" and, in the next line, "consistent" should read "inconsistent." Two lines further down, "60.7%" should read "18.5%" (see Letter by M. R. Hammer, in press). p 1493: It is stated (column 2, third paragraph) that a DB-1701 column does not contain a nitrogen atom in its stationary phase. This is incorrect. The Phase is a 14% cyanopropylphenylsiloxane polymer. p 1541: In the first full sentence in the right-hand column, "similarly higher" should read "similar." p 1629: In the right-hand column, the second-to-last paragraph, the ninth line from the bottom should read "...0.5 mL of a reagent solution containing, per liter, 10 g of dextran sulfate (500 000 Da) and 0.5 mol of MgCL2" p 1945: In line 6, column three, "0.65" should "0.965." p 2148: Add I. Morales to this list of authors' names.

Incorrect Wording.

—Two corrections should be made in the COUNCIL REPORT entitled "Radon in Homes," published in the Aug 7 issue ofThe Journal(1987;258:668-672). On page 669, the last sentence of the third paragraph in column 1 should have read as follows: "On the basis of a review of studies involving homes in 38 different areas and 21 states, Nero et al¹⁵concluded that the average radon level in US homes is 1.5 pCi/L (0.056 Bq/L) and that 1% to 3% [not '1% of 3%'] of the homes have levels exceeding 8 pCi/L (0.30 Bq/L)." On page 670, the following sentence should be substituted for the first sentence of the second complete paragraph in column 3: "Based on recent experience in Pennsylvania and on the calculations of Gerusky (<i>J Environ Health</i>1987;49:197-201), it is believed that continuous exposure of a person's lungs to a level of 1.3 pCi/L (0.048 Bq/L)

Incorrect Value

An error occurred in the MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES article entitled "Mesothelioma: Has Patient Had Contact With Even Small Amount of Asbestos?" published in the March 27 issue ofThe Journal(1987;257:1569-1570). On page 1569, the first sentence of the third full paragraph in column 3 should have read as follows: "In June, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration lowered the allowable rate of exposure in the workplace from &lt;2 fibers per cc of air to &lt;0.2 [not '&lt;.01'] fibers per cc of air."

Incorrect City

An error occurred in THE COVER published in the April 3 issue ofThe Journal(1987;257:1693). On page 1693, the first sentence of the second paragraph in column 1 should have read as follows: "His [Richard Haas'] involvement with architecture began at an early age in the small town of Spring Green [not 'Spring Creek'], Wis, which also numbers Frank Lloyd Wright among its achieving sons."

Computational Error

An error occurred in the MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES story entitled "AZT (Zidovudine) Just a Step Away From FDA Approval for AIDS Therapy," published in the March 13 issue ofThe Journal(1987;257:1281-1282). In the last paragraph in column 2 on page 1281, a computational error resulted in an incorrect estimate of the cost of zidovudine. The second sentence in that paragraph should have read as follows: "At the recommended dose of two 100-mg capsules every four hours, the estimated annual cost to the patient is $7000 to $10 000."