Paradox Of Race Research Articles

"Warring" Ideals: Black Citizenship and the Struggle for Inclusion in the USA.

This paper critiques black citizenship in America. Using the "warring ideals" of W.E.B DuBois, it posits that African American citizenship is a complex interplay between the universality of citizenship, i.e., the ideals of the western liberal tradition, and the lived realities of citizenship. Highlighting the paradox of race, the article underscores that black citizenship has never been a guarantee in American society. "Warring ideals" encompass a struggle between aspirational ideals of what American citizenship is supposed to be and what it actually is-especially for those who are marginalized. Lived realities of citizenship often mean coming to terms with daily encounters with racism and structural discrimination which affirm and reaffirm citizenship boundaries. The manuscript also evaluates how watershed movements such as the civil rights, black power, and Black Lives Matter movements have attempted to reconcile the ideals and the realities of American citizenship.

Crazy Funny: Popular Black Satire and The Methods of MadnessLaughing to Keep from Dying: African American Satire in the Twenty-First Century

Crazy Funny: Popular Black Satire and The Methods of MadnessLaughing to Keep from Dying: African American Satire in the Twenty-First Century

Crazy Funny: Popular Black Satire and The Methods of MadnessLaughing to Keep from Dying: African American Satire in the Twenty-First Century

Crazy Funny: Popular Black Satire and The Methods of MadnessLaughing to Keep from Dying: African American Satire in the Twenty-First Century

School Integration in the New Jim Crow: Opportunity or Oxymoron?

In this article, I consider the limitations of school integration research that overlooks Black research perspectives, White policy interests, and the paradox of race in the New Jim Crow—America’s system of racial caste in the post–Civil Rights Era. Applying critical race theory as critical policy analysis, I discuss the importance of theorizing race in school integration research and recentering Black citizenship and equality as fundamental goals of school desegregation. I conclude with a call to desegregate the research on school desegregation through critical policy analyses that deconstruct liberal education policy agendas, create new policy knowledge, and reject the institutionalization of Black educational inferiority.

The Paradox of Race, Religion, and Representation: The Persistent Influence of White Evangelicals and the Decline of White Religious Voters

The Paradox of Race, Religion, and Representation: The Persistent Influence of White Evangelicals and the Decline of White Religious Voters

A Race to the Top From the Bottom of the Well? The Paradox of Race and U.S. Education Reform

This article explores the paradox of “race” and U.S. education reform in the 21st century. I consider how the invisible ontology of race and its entangled relationship with class divert our attention from economic inequality and undermine policies intended to redress racial inequality in schools. I conclude that the education research community must unpack its use of “race” and focus on the role of racism in the maintenance of racial caste in America's schools.

Race and racism in modern East Asia: Western and Eastern constructions

List of Illustrations and Tables Conventions Preface 1. Modern East Asia and the Rise of Racial Thought: Possible Links, Unique Features, and Unsettled Issues Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel PART I: WESTERN RACE THEORIES, RACIAL IMAGES AND RACISM 2. Early Modern European Divisions of Mankind and East Asians, 1500-1750 50 Walter Demel and Rotem Kowner 3. How the Mongoloid Came into Being: Late Eighteenth-Century Constructions of East Asians in Europe Walter Demel 4. Between Contempt and Fear: Western Racial Constructions of East Asians since 1800 Rotem Kowner 5. Very Great Gulf: Late Victorian British Diplomacy and Race in East Asia T.G. Otte 6. Pan-Mongolians at Twilight: East Asia and Race in Russian Modernism, 1890-1921 Susanna Soojung Lim 7. National Identity and Race in Post-Revolutionary Russia: Pil'niak's Travelogues from Japan and China Alexander Bukh 8. Class, Race, Floating Signifier: American Media Imagine the Chinese, 1870-1900 Lenore Metrick-Chen 9. Racism for Beginners: Constructions of Chinese in Twentieth Century Belgian Comics Idesbald Goddeeris 10. Race, Imperialism, and Reconstructing Selves: Late Nineteenth Century Korea in European Travel Literature Huajeong Seok 11. Race, Culture and the Reaction to the Victory of 1905 in the English-Speaking World Philip Towle PART II: EAST ASIAN RACE THEORIES, RACIAL POLICIES AND RACISM 12. A Certain Whiteness of Being: Chinese Perceptions of Self by the Beginning of European Contact Don J. Wyatt 13. Racial Discourse and Utopian Visions in Nineteenth Century China Sufen Sophia Lai 14. The Discourse of Race in Twentieth-Century China Frank Dikotter 15. Racist South Korea? Diverse but not Tolerant of Diversity Gi-Wook Shin 16. Skin Color Melancholy in Modern Japan: Male Elites' Racial Experiences Abroad, 1880s-1950s Ayu Majima 17. Anatomically Speaking: The Kubo Incident and the Paradox of Race in Colonial Korea Hoi-eun Kim 18. Who Classified Whom, and for What Purpose? The Japanese in Northeast China in the Age of Empire Mariko Asano Tamanoi 19. Race and International Law in Japan's New Order in East Asia, 1938-1945 Urs Matthias Zachmann 20. East Asia's Melting-Pot: Reevaluating Race Relations in Japan's Colonial Empire 583 Yukiko Koshiro 21. Categorical Confusion: President Obama as a Case Study of Racialized Practices in Contemporary Japan Christine R. Yano Contributors Bibliography Index

Legal Mobilization in Schools: The Paradox of Rights and Race Among Youth

In this article, we analyze ethnoracial patterns in youth perceptions and responses to rights violations and advance a new model of legal mobilization that includes formal, quasi-, and extralegal action. Slightly more than half of the 5,461 students in our sample reported past rights violations involving discrimination, harassment, freedom of expression/assembly, and due process violations in disciplinary procedures. Students, regardless of race, are more likely to take extralegal than formal legal actions in response to perceived rights violations. Self-identified African American and Latino/a students are significantly more likely than white and Asian American students to perceive rights violations and are more likely to claim they would take formal legal action in response to hypothetical rights violations. However, when they perceive rights violations, African American and Asian American students are no more likely than whites to take formal legal action and Latino/a students are less likely than whites to take formal legal action. We draw on in-depth interviews with youth and adults—which we interlace with our quantitative findings—to explore the interpretive dynamics underlying these survey findings, and we offer several theoretical and methodological implications of our work.

The Black–White Paradox in Health: Flourishing in the Face of Social Inequality and Discrimination

This paper reviews published research and presents new analyses from the 1995 nationally representative sample from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study to investigate whether there is support for the paradox of race and health in the United States. Findings reveal that Blacks have lower rates of several common mental disorders, but Blacks also have higher rates of flourishing than Whites. Blacks are mentally resilient in the face of greater social inequality and exposure to discrimination as well as high rates of physical morbidity--all of which are distinctive risk factors for mental distress and mental illness in the general population. Findings also show that controlling for perceived discrimination increases the Black advantage in 12 of the 13 signs of flourishing, suggesting that Blacks would have even better mental health were it not for discrimination. This paper concludes by considering what mechanisms--both adaptive and maladaptive--might explain this particular example of resilience in the Black population.

Book Review Essay: The Paradox of Race and Capital Punishment

Too often Americans speak primarily to themselves when the topic turns to the death penalty. Because the United States is the last of the industrialized Western countries to retain the death penalty, we often think of it as a purely American phenomenon. But it does impact the international community in significant ways, especially given the reality that many of the nation's trading partners and closest allies refuse to extradite criminal suspects who may face the death penalty in the United States. Indeed, the political, economic, and moral ramifications of America's experiment with death will continue to have profound consequences on that country's position in the international community. What is more, those consequences become even more serious—even more heightened—when one factors in the controversial issue of race. It is, therefore, incumbent on scholars and commentators from the United States and around the world to broaden the conversation about race and capital punishment, to become more cognizant of how race impacts America's death row. The inclusion of this article in the International Criminal Justice Review is meant to contribute to that effort.

Policy Matters

TOP-US O-GE SIT, USE LUN LEVA. HEL DEKA O-VIV-US GAN DA KOVI. IN UKI-US HUZI, ERS-MANI REVA. UD ZITA DA OGL ETO UVO BOVI. TATAT-US SEMI OF AVE SOMA Above the dirty city, a white moon rises. Frost covers the dead garden and flowers. In their houses, peasants dream. I sit and watch these gray boxes. Hidden seeds of the future are sleeping. Rick Harrison (translation of the original from the artificial language UNI) The paradox of race in America is that our common destiny is more pronounced and imperiled precisely when our divisions are deeper … There is no escape from our interracial interdependence, yet our enforced racial hierarchy dooms us as a nation—the unmaking of any democratic order. Cornel West (2001, 9) Dear George Bush: I remember racial profiling, and how all of these other constitutional violations have been used for centuries, especially against the African-American community, and that minority citizens and immigrants have been subject to some of the grossest infringements of civil liberties—the two words that uphold the very power of democracy—for a very long time. Kristin Prevallet

Politics, Theory, and the Role of the Black Intellectual

Reel to Real: race, sex and class at the movies by bell hooks. New York and London: Routledge, 1997. Seeing a Colour-Blind Future: The paradox of race. The 1997 Reith Lectures by Patricia J. Williams. London: Virago Press, 1997.

Editorial

This year American scholar Patricia J. Williams was invited to Britain to speak as Reith Lecturer, only the fourth woman and the third black speaker to contribute to the prestigious series of lectures which has a 49-year history. Her chosen subject was as topical as it proved controversial. Professor Williams’s subtle and measured discussion of the persistence of racism in daily life – and in even the most liberal of consciousnesses – struck a chord in British society. The furore that broke in the press was based as much in a certain ‘British’ intransigent refusal to allow that the persistence of prejudice could possibly be as ‘bad’ here as across the Atlantic as it was in a basic reluctance to address distinctive realities in contemporary society. Richard H. King and I interviewed Williams immediately following the transmission of the lecture series on Radio 4 and the transcripts, published by Virago as Seeing a Colour-Blind Future: The Paradox of Race, are reviewed in this issue by Larry Brown. Brown places Williams alongside fellow African-American scholar bell hooks in order to assess the different perspectives they take on issues of race and the politics of identity, and in order to decide on nature of the often very different roles of contemporary black intellectuals.

Blind Justice Versus the Civilizing Eye: Sartre and Foucault on the Paradox of Race, Crime and Justice

Blind Justice Versus the Civilizing Eye: Sartre and Foucault on the Paradox of Race, Crime and Justice

The Restoration of Black History: Benjamin Quarles and the Paradox of Race

The Restoration of Black History: Benjamin Quarles and the Paradox of Race

Victims in the Shadow of the Law: A Critique of the Model of Legal Protection

The twentieth anniversary of the 1964 Civil Rights Act marked the end of an era of uncertain progress. Despite dramatic victories in constitutional litigation and the visibility of group-based struggles, civil rights strategies had limited success in initiating major economic and social change.' The limited progress has prompted a new sense of realism among groups who experience discrimination-a sense of how little the situation has changed even though overt prejudice may be less prevalent. The modest progress of the civil rights movement has not made "rights-focused" struggles unattractive, however; in fact, there is a proliferation of civil rights strategies