Paradigmatic Foundations Research Articles

MODERN UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION: SEARCH FOR AN EXISTENTIAL-AXIOLOGICAL MODEL OF EDUCATION

The article carries out a socio-philosophical analysis of the value orientations of the modern generation of students, showing their dependence on the social context, as well as the norms and values that dominate the cul-ture of society. An attempt has been made to create a psychological portrait of the generation of “new adults”; the issue of the content of the educational ideal, which should serve as a guideline for choosing a strategy for achie-ving one of the important goals of education — the education of a humanistic personality, is considered. It is shown that the existence of educational models with various axiological dominants (theological, socio-political, econom-ic, naturalistic, humanistic) indicates, on the one hand, the impossibility of the existen ce of a universal model, and on the other, makes it possible to understand that the continuity of education should be ensured by the presence of an invariant value core, which is surrounded by a set of diff erent-order values associated with various fi elds of activity. An existential-axiological model of education is proposed, refl ecting the ontological need to acquire new paradigmatic foundations.

Philosophy of Social Intercourse and Artificial Intelligence

The paper aims to analyze three discussions pertaining to the artificial intelligence project that took place on both sides of the “Iron Curtain” since the 1960s: 1) E.V. Ilyenkov – D.I. Dubrovsky (USSR), 2) H. Dreyfus – computer scientists (USA), 3) H. Dreyfus – H. Collins (USA – UK). The authors observe the originality of the arguments of Soviet philosophers in comparison with the discussions in the US and UK. The basis for a comparative analysis of these discussions is the typology of social intercourse paradigms, which assumes the existence of three fundamentally different views of humans as social beings: the information-instrumental, the existential-phenomenological, and the social-institutional paradigms. These views correlate with the ideas about humans within different theoretical structures examining artificial intelligence. The information-instrumental paradigm poses the problem of social intercourse regarding communication, material, and informational exchange (D.I. Dubrovsky, computer scientists). The social-institutional paradigm considers social intercourse as personification, actualization, and implementation of the structural characteristics of social relations (E.V. Ilyenkov). The existential-phenomenological paradigm characterizes social intercourse as the realization of the internal potency of a self-conscious individual (H. Dreyfus). The paper exposes that the theoretical and methodological foundations of the discussions under consideration are similar to the paradigmatic foundations of the analysis of social intercourse in social philosophy and social sciences. There are “two and a half floors” in the research of problems associated with the entry of artificial intelligence technologies into the everyday life of society: 1) philosophy, computer and cognitive sciences; 2) social sciences; 3) interdisciplinary research. A particular paradigmatic structure and a unique research problem characterize each of them. In conclusion, “new old questions” are highlighted that structure the field of contemporary social analytics for studying artificial intelligence and artificial sociality.

Психопатология и искусственный интеллект: пространство бессубъектности?

The article analyzes the problems of diagnostic and psychotherapeutic use of AI in the field of mental health. The problem of the paradigmatic foundations of programming an AI algorithm, the problem of the quality of Big Data on the basis of which AI is trained, the problem of eliminating human-AI differences in psychiatric discourse, as well as the key importance of subjectivity in psychotherapy are considered. The prospects for studying the differences between intersubjective contact and subject-AI contact, the problem of the impact of AI on the subject and the ability of the subject to recognize the imitation of subjectivity are also outlined.

Commentary: “Back to the future” or “trapped in the future”? The future of services practice and research

PurposeThe aim of this commentary is to encourage service researchers to reflect on the state of the field as it pertains to the academia–industry intersection. The author puts forth a call to action to continue the work of the field’s founders in developing the foundations of the field and to carry the models and frameworks of the field deeper into industry practice.Design/methodology/approachPersonal reflections and in-depth interviews.FindingsThe services discipline is based on foundational theories, models and frameworks developed, in part, as a response to needs expressed by industry. The development of these frameworks has not progressed to the level and format needed by industry, and the field is increasingly operating in silos. Resultantly, the services marketing domain has not developed its foundations to the level of depth needed to answer the call for “assistance” made by Shostack (1977).Research limitations/implicationsThe author encourages researchers to build a next set of paradigmatic foundations that broaden the field as a truly interdisciplinary endeavor and deepen its impact in industry. To accomplish these goals, it will be necessary to question original theoretical frameworks and show situations in which they require modification.Originality/valueThis work suggests that researchers may be overemphasizing the silo aspects of the field and underestimating the lack of completeness of the service science field.

Trends in the Era of Global Transformation as a Factor of Sustainable Development

The formation of ideas about the sustainable development of society in the modern era involves a critical examination of both environmental, economic and social processes, as well as the paradigmatic foundations of sustainable development itself. In the context of dynamic multi-paradigm, the problem of forming a new paradigm for the conceptual design of an innovative model of sustainable development of society arises. The scientific need to analyze the paradigmatic foundations of the generally recognized theory of sustainable development of society is determined by the fact that knowledge of the methodological foundations and logical structure of the existing generally recognized model of sustainable development will allow us to assess its potential and find out the boundary conditions for these ideas.

Political online advertising: the main paradigms of research

In the article, Internet advertising is revealed as a socio-political phenomenon, where the authors turn to various paradigms as general theoretical orientations for cognition of the phenomenon. It is proved that studies of the socio-political reality of the life of modern society, which can no longer do without Internet advertising, including political advertising, are based on three main paradigmatic foundations: structural, interpretive, unifying (integrative). It is revealed that Internet advertising as a social institution acts as a political phenomenon, among other things, and is a fairly stable set, which is quite easy to identify as a set of formal and informal rules designed to serve the interests, first of all, of advertising producers.

Multi-dimensional time and university technology commercialisation as opportunity praxis: A realist synthesis of the accumulated literature

The empirical observation that only a small minority of university patents are translated into commercialised technology, combined with the absence of systematic research on opportunity praxis provided the motivation for our research. Time constitutes a critical dimension in the unfolding of, and therefore it offers a window into, deciphering praxis. In response, we set out to develop a novel temporal framework that could be used to provide insights into the opportunity praxis of university technology commercialisation. This framework builds on the paradigmatic foundations of critical realism and is used to conduct a realist synthesis of the existing literature. Our findings support an extension of the temporal boundaries of commercialisation towards innovation, placing increasing emphasis on user-entrepreneurs and organisations. Moreover, our analysis shows that there is merit in understanding the choices they make, from a kaleidoscope of alternatives visible to them, at specific junctures. This is an important aspect of increasing the translation of university-held patents into commercialised technology.

Технократизм в государственном и муниципальном управлении: опыт реализации и перспективы применения в России

Introduction. The article attempts to assess the prospects for further implementation of technocratic and managerial tools borrowed from Western countries into public administration. The article analyzes the untranslated English-language literature and showcases a retrospective analysis of the scientific discourse on technocracy in public administration. The aim of the study is to answer the question: "Are Western management principles applicable to Russian state and municipal governance?" The subject field of sociology of management rarely considers the problem of the influence of technocracy on the sociopolitical and institutional field of the Russian Federation and, for this reason, this research niche requires serious scientific reflection. Methods. The study is based on the paradigmatic foundations of sociological institutionalism, which are described by John Meyer. The institutions into which the tools of technocratism are introduced are examined from the point of view of their evolution and in reliance on the actors interacting within these institutions. The main methods of research – analysis of documents and comparing the practical results of the implementation of foreign practices of technocratism with domestic attempts to replicate their success. Results and its discussion. The results of the study show that contemporary Russian state and municipal government are not ready for the implementation of corporate governance technologies to improve performance. This conclusion is based on two theses: Effective introduction of technocracy tools in public administration requires control of democratic institutions over technocrats. Managerial culture among technocrats must be competitive and focused on efficiency. Verticalization of power relations, staffing problems in the institutions of state and municipal government, imitative and corrupt practices, as well as the actual dependence of the legislative branch on the executive branch does not allow the tools of technocracy and managerialism to be implemented without obvious negative consequences.

Program of transdisciplinary dialogue in modern science: paradigm foundations

The paradigmatic foundations of the program of transdisciplinary dialogue in modern science have been considered: such as the formation of a new type of determinism, the transition from the analyst of being to the analyst of formation, the rejection of rigid nomothetics and the traditional interpretation of the subject-object opposition. The tendencies of overcoming interdisciplinary boundaries in modern science are have been analyzed, leading to the convergence of the natural and human sciences, including the adaptation of a number of methodological principles of the humanities by natural science.

Sociology of Alcohol Consumption – In Search of a Theory

Alcohol consumption takes place in society and because of society. The “social” aspect of this phenomenon gives a meaning that manifests itself in the framework of interaction. This paper discusses basic problems of previous sociological approaches to alcohol consumption: (1) focus on a problem-oriented approach – drinking and alcoholism, (2) abstract empiricism of alcohol consumption, and (3) unclear theoretical background for a sociological approach to alcohol consumption. Focusing exclusively on alcoholism or excessive drinking neglects a number of social dimensions inherent in alcohol consumption. Therefore, when considering this phenomenon in sociological terms, clear theoretical-methodological starting points should be established in order to understand the social consumption of alcohol. The main objective of this paper was to provide a basic paradigmatic and epistemological framework for the development of a sociology of alcohol consumption. The paper starts from the assumption that two theoretical-methodological principles should be considered: methodological individualism and methodological situationism. Each of these approaches has certain advantages and disadvantages, but in further conceptualising the paradigmatic foundations of the sociology of alcohol consumption, the paper proposed a two-level approach, that is, a synthesis of methodological situationism and methodological individualism. However, this synthesis does not constitute a theory of the sociology of alcohol consumption, but a framework for a sociological approach to the phenomenon, as well as the possibility of overcoming the problems presented in the sociological analysis of this topic.

Political Philosophy of Eurasianism: Paradigmatic Foundations and Their Limitations

The article examines, in relation to the data of modern science and current geopolitical trends, the key ideas of the founders of Eurasianism, analyzes the transformation of the ideology of Eurasianism in the modern ideological and political space of Russia. The authors pay attention to the concepts of “neo-Eurasianism” and attempts to revive Eurasian ideas and supplement them with new original views. Eurasianism, being one of the largest and most significant philosophical, political and ideological projects of the XX century, as well as neo-Judaism, which became its logical continuation, attracted the attention of a large number of both supporters and opponents

Стратегии модернизации образования в постсекулярном мире

Introduciton. This article examines the main directions of modernization of the institution of education in a post-secular society; socio-philosophical analysis of the transformations of modern education is carried out at various levels of its institutionalization: educational and methodological, organizational and managerial, communicative, value-semantic, etc. Theoretical analysis. In addition, the author of the work explores the cognitive features of the perception of modern education as an institution that includes elements of both secular and religious cultures. Conclusions. At the end of the work, the author comes to the following conclusions: the modern institution of education must be transformed under the influence of the most complex processes of modernity. In the conditions of the post-secular world, not only the very perception of education as a social institution is changing, but also its paradigmatic foundations, which in turn determines the formation of a qualitatively new policy in the field of higher education personnel. Using the example of theologians and religious scholars, it is shown that in the conditions of post-secularity, these specialists are no longer only theoretical researchers, but also valuable experts in the humanities who are able to qualitatively analyze contradictory ethno-confessional and social relations at the regional and federal levels, as well as offer practical solutions to the most important strategic objectives of the state.

Paradigmatic foundations of health resorts’ municipal economics (case of Russia’s urban districts)

The scientific paradigm of exploring health resort towns’ municipal economies is just emerging and becomes a relevant research issue, because the problems of maintaining, promoting and restoring population health have been gaining particular significance recently. The paper aims to generalise about and systematise the scientific heritage concerning the factors behind and conditions of appearance, as well as peculiarities of economic structure and dynamics of urban settlements, the principal function of which is providing health resort services. The methodological basis of the research rests on an interdisciplinary approach that combines the achievements of economic and social geography (principles underlying the typology of settlements), economic sociology (theory of the consumer society), and municipal science (municipal economics as its main part). The research benefits from methods of systematisation and formalisation, bibliometric analysis and content analysis. As a result, the study explicates the scientific paradigm of the research of health resorts’ municipal economies and exemplifies it by the case of Russia’s urban districts; identifies essential characteristics of the concept “urban district of a health resort type”; and justifies the peculiarities of functioning and transformation of municipal economies of health resort towns. The said peculiarities include special infrastructure, high degree of specialisation, distinct seasonality of municipal economy, dependence of business activities on the characteristics of the arriving population. The theoretical and methodological findings allow organising scientific achievements in the field of functioning and transformation of the municipal economies of health resort towns and outlining the directions for further exploration to complete the paradigmatic foundations and determine the key predictors of the future dynamics and economic growth.

Парадигмальні засади професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів до реалізації партнерської взаємодії в початковій школі

The article states the necessity and expediency of transformation of all branches of education on a partnership basis. It has been proved that namely partnership interaction in professional activity of teachers of the New Ukrainian School can ensure such a format of education and relations. Considering the paradigm prioritized in a specific period of the development of society in a certain way sets a pattern, a model of perception and explanation of the world, the need to study the paradigmatic foundations of the research, which make up its conceptual basis, has been substantiated. The author’s definition of partnership interaction of future teacher has been presented as a system of parity relations of subjects of the educational process, which is characterized by common goals, mutual responsibility of the parties for the result of cooperation, as well as personal progress of each participant in the process of joint activity. The essence of personally oriented, meaningful, and reflective educational paradigms, on which the modern professional training of future teachers for partnership interaction in primary school is based, has been revealed. It has been proved that the presented educational paradigms, on the one hand, are based on partnership interaction, on the other hand, they determine the effectiveness of the process of forming partnership interaction in all its spheres, namely: relationships and communication, perception, interaction. The expediency of using the positive aspects of each of the mentioned educational paradigms in the presented research is justified. The aspects are related to the personal and value-meaning orientations, reflexive and empathic saturation, which are important determinants of the effective construction of partnership interaction.

Critiquing the Canadian Model of Client-Centered Enablement (CMCE) for Indigenous Contexts.

Background. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada outlines the need for health care professionals to create more welcoming spaces for Indigenous Peoples. The scope of occupational therapy is continually expanding—yet the profession itself is grounded in and derived from a dominant Eurocentric worldview, and practice is designed to serve a homogenous Western populace. Purpose. To critically examine the Canadian Model of Client-Centered Enablement (CMCE) for its value within Indigenous contexts. Key Issues. The CMCE is positioned as a client-centered model, however there is a clear hierarchical client-professional relationship threaded throughout. Concepts such as enable, advocate, educate, coach, and coordinate demonstrate paternalistic authority, lacking reciprocity, knowledge-sharing, and power redistribution. Implications. Reimagining health care relationships as entrenched in social interconnectedness demands critical reflection and action. A model of practice that endorses social change and actively addresses colonial power inequities must root its paradigmatic foundations in postcolonial views of health care as a social relationship.

Discourse of Freedom and Contemporary Greco-Protestantism

In this article, the author provides an analysis of the “discourse of freedom” as one of the foundations for secular and ecclesiastical liberalism. The discourse of freedom receives the name of a “libertian discourse” (not to be confused with libertarianism — a specific political and ideological current). The libertian discourse is studied within its historical origins associated with the legal codes of ancient Rome and the social philosophy of the Enlightenment. The libertian discourse and the related concept of the “natural law”, hardly evolving and unchanged in the 300 years since its inception, has outlived its historical competitors in the form of historical law, Marxism, etc. This phenomenon of libertian fundamentalism refutes the liberal axiom of permanent social progress and modernization, which also applies to the sphere of knowledge. Since the concept of fundamental (generic) rights and freedoms can be neither scientifically proven nor deduced from the traditional norms and values, it should be classified as a metaphysical (in Karl Popper's sense), fundamentalist and quasi-religious doctrine. This article shows the contemporary transformations of the phenomenon of freedom, which results in the libertian discourse becoming an integral part of power practices, an exclusive right to criticize power and a “subtle discourse of power”. The contemporary function of libertianism lies in restricting the freedom of a political opponent in the name of fighting for freedom and in creating a marketable competitive field of political compensation for the restriction of freedoms (stigmatization). The author points to the struggle between two cultural-historical and religious paradigms with different understandings of freedom — the “Roman” (political, elitist) and biblical (social), emphasizing that this struggle generates two versions of the discourse of freedom in the contemporary political space. The author raises the question of the demarcation of freedom paradigms on the same grounds as the more general question of “paradigms of involvement with the transcendent” and the hybrid mixing of different paradigmatic foundations in the modern interpretation of freedom.

Subjectivity vs. Agency: The Meaning of Karol Wojtyla’s The Acting Person

Karol Wojtyła’s Osoba i czyn (in English translation known as The Acting Person) is certainly an extraordinary book having considerable significance for contemporary human philosophy. And because the philosophical or quasi-philosophical concept of the human person, consciously or not, explicitly or implicitly, is always at the root of any sociological, psychological, pedagogical or even economic theory, the importance of this work is even greater. It involves both the humanities and social sciences. The purpose of this article is to point out the benefits of this groundbreaking book. In particular, it allows us to rethink the paradigmatic foundations of these sciences. At the same time, it attempts to show how necessary is a critical revision of their own paradigmatic basis. I would also like to consider the essence of the human concept, especially from the perspective of critical realism. Especially, I deal with the issue of subjectivity and justification for the choice of this concept as the key to understanding individual agency. I am convinced that agency is only one dimension of subjectivity and does not allow us to understand the whole problem of autonomy, human freedom, and the meaning of humanity. Wojtyła’s The Acting Person seems to provide extremely important arguments in favor of my thesis. It also helps, I think, to understand the essence of individual subjectivity, issues of fundamental importance in our time, peculiarly, in the broadly understood human sciences.

Extending understandings

Mixed methods research is increasingly popular both within and beyond education because of the advantages offered by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Some mixed methods research, however, does not fully harness the potential or depth that mixed methods has to offer. In this article, I consider some of this potential in terms of how mixed methods research can contribute to addressing “wicked problems,” theory generation, and culturally responsive research. I then discuss two important considerations for quality mixed methods research: appropriate paradigmatic foundations and the genuine integration of qualitative and quantitative components. The article is intended to provide both provocations and resources for those learning about, teaching about, considering, using, or contributing to mixed methods research in education.

Парадигмальные основы пенитенциарно-правовой доктрины

The article analyzes the prospects for using by the penitentiary-legal doctrine the paradigmatic foundations of legal science. Achievement of the paradigmatic stage of the penitentiary-legal doctrine can be facilitated by “paradigmatic vaccinations” from the general scientific sphere. Penitentiary science should take into account the general scientific achievements expressed in the relevant paradigmatic theories: – phenomenology and liberalism will make it possible to free oneself from the totalitarian shackles, to look at the problems of execution of punishments “from scratch”; – the libertarian legal concept is able to make a positive contribution to the sphere of the execution of punishments, giving a certain scope to reasonable initiative; – in the context of the synergetic paradigm attention can be drown to the spontaneous selforganization of the sphere of the execution of punishments in connection with the imbalance of punishment and correction as the essential aspects of criminal punishment; – the application of the hermeneutic paradigm will make it possible to approach from new interpretative positions to various areas of the penal policy; – the use of the approaches of postclassical jurisprudence will make it possible to consider penal activity not as a permanently ideal system, but as a type of legal activity that needs constant attention and requires constant improvement.

The outlines of paradigmatic foundations in municipal economics

Addressing specific aspects of municipalities’ functioning as basic cells of territorial organisation of production and living activities is a marked research trend. The paper consid ers the issues of genesis and development of theoretical and methodological preconditions for municipal economics growing into an independent branch of economics. The methodology of the research is the paradigmatic approach to the reconstruction of theoretical knowledge devel oped by Thomas Kuhn. The subject of the study is conceptual and empirical facts, factors and conditions, which favoured the formation of municipal economics. The methods include taxo nomic approach and instrumental analysis that allow describing and explaining the transfor mation of the essential characteristics of municipal economy as a chorological concept, which means it focuses on the uniqueness of each territory, targets endogenous development based on the active involvement of local assets and exploiting local potential with the attraction of external factors. The research proves that municipal economics is currently at the periphery of the hard core of regional economics and just starts to move out of the pre-paradigm period. Obtained theoretical, methodological, empirical results create a possibility to systematise scien tific findings in the field of municipal economics and identify directions for further research to thicken its paradigmatic foundations and turning into a mature discipline.