Paradigm Research Articles

Soil arthropod diversity, richness, and abundance in agroecological and conventional cotton production systems in Chaco, Argentina

In Argentina, agroecology has grown in last years as a scientific paradigm that seeks to design and evaluate agroecosystems considering sustainability, complexity, and uncertainty. Diversity is a key factor in the design and management of production systems and a necessary component for conservation biological control and the reduction of agrochemicals use. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop in northern Argentina is usually managed with high load of agrochemicals: agroecological production arises as an alternative. This study evaluated the diversity, richness, and abundance of soil arthropods using pitfall traps in two experimental cotton plots under conventional (CONV) and agroecological management (AE) in Chaco, Argentina. AE system presented higher diversity and richness of predators compared with CONV, even when natural preparations were used for pest control. The phytophagous arthropods showed higher diversity and richness in CONV, even when pyrethroid insecticides were applied for pest control and preventively. The abundance in AE was lower for predators and higher for phytophagous arthropods. Agroecological production of cotton can be a tool that favors conservative biological control and an alternative for areas where protecting the health of farmers and the ecosystem is a priority.

Prediction of microstructural evolution of multicomponent polymers by Physics-Informed neural networks

As emerging concepts, leveraging physical information with machine learning to construct hybrid models enables a scientific data-driven paradigm for the investigation of complex kinetic issues in the field of polymer science. Herein, the model of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), integrating advantages of neural networks with physics-based knowledge, is extended to predict the spatiotemporal patterns of phase-separated microstructures of multicomponent polymers. It is demonstrated that the PINN-based data-driven model can achieve the forward, backward and bidirectional predictions of spatiotemporally phase-separated patterns of homopolymer blends. All predicted patterns reveal a high accuracy and robustness of PINN-based data-driven model by leveraging a small amount of training data. Particularly, the PINN-based method can be harnessed to infer the latent physical law about the growth kinetics of phase-separated microstructures. In addition, PINN-based data-driven model can also be generalized to forecast the spatiotemporal patterns of microphase-separated nanostructures of block copolymers and infer their growth kinetics. Our study opens the possibility of learning non-equilibrium phenomena of complex polymer systems from only a few snapshots of microstructural evolution.

Professor Damodar Joshi: A life that shaped the Ayurveda Pharmaceutics

Abstract The study presents a comprehensive life profile of Professor (Prof.) Damodar Joshi and his professional trajectory within the domain of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. His pivotal role in integrating Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana with contemporary scientific paradigms, specifically focusing on the analysis and advancements related to mineral/metallic formulations derived from different metal and mineral sources, is highly regarded in modern Rasa Shastra. The present study unfolds Prof. Damodar Joshi’s scientific accomplishments, advances in literature, and resolution of scientific quandaries under his mentorship, as well as his professional journey, post-retirement contributions, research publications, and an array of awards and recognitions received.

DeepSecure: A computational design science approach for interpretable threat hunting in cybersecurity decision making

Businesses and industries are placing a greater emphasis on information systems for cybersecurity decision-making due to the rising cybersecurity threat landscape and the critical need to protect their digital assets. Threat hunting provides a data-driven and proactive approach to cybersecurity, enabling organizations to efficiently detect, analyze, and respond to cyber threats in real-time. Despite playing a crucial role, these systems face several obstacles, including the manual analysis of technical threat intelligence, the non-Gaussian nature of real-world data, the high rate of false positives produced during threat hunting, and the lack of interpretation and justification for these complex models. This article adopts the computational design science paradigm to develop a novel IT artifact for threat-hunting named DeepSecure. First, to automatically extract latent patterns from multivariate time series datasets, we propose a dynamic vector quantized variational autoencoder technique. Second, a multiscale hierarchical attention bi-directional gated recurrent unit-based threat-hunting mechanism is designed. Finally, we provide the visualization of attention scores to aid in model interpretation. We evaluate the DeepSecure against state-of-the-art benchmarks on two publicly available datasets, namely, ToN-IoT and CSE-CIC-IDS2018. The experimental evaluation proves that our model can efficiently identify threat types. Beyond demonstrating practical utility, the proposed framework can help address the lack of interpretation and justification for complex models in cyber threat detection and will allow organizations to respond to potential security incidents quickly.

Phenomenology of Mystical Psychedelic Experiences: The Case of Existential Anxiety

AbstractThe essay offers an interpretation of psychedelic peak experiences. It criticizes the quasi-scientific naturalistic attempts to explain such experiences and offers an alternative ontology underlying a more complex sense of naturalism, thus defending an entheogenic view irreducible to mere psychological effects. First, the mainstream ontology in the paradigm of natural sciences is exposed as being a version of the ontology of presence. This fact is shown as the reason for the phenomenological gap and the impotence of the natural sciences to address human experience. Next, existential anxiety is interpreted in terms of Heidegger’s ontology and is suggested as the core dimension of possible spiritual transformation. Finally, the phenomenology of mystical psychedelic experiences (MPE) is interpreted in terms of overcoming existential anxiety– a well-documented effect of MPE – and explicated in ontological terms. The psychedelic experience is shown to be mystical in a sense of transcending the everyday mode of existential denial of the enigmatic nature of the universe by facing the nothingness in a way that transforms one’s stand within it into a stand of original belongingness to the field of emptiness (Nishitani). Different aspects of psychedelic experience are explained and co-related in terms of such a transformation.

Exploring the professional discourse on environmental social work: a descriptive content analysis of selected publications from Germany and the US

Climate change and its disproportionate impacts on vulnerable groups have prompted the social work profession to become increasingly involved in environmental justice issues. Academic discourse on environmental social work has surged in the last decade, but limited studies examine its implementation by practitioners or information dissemination by professional organisations. Translational research highlights the crucial role of professional associations in informing practitioners of new scientific discoveries and practice paradigms. This qualitative content analysis compares a small selection of articles and podcast episodes published through the professional associations of social workers in the US (the National Association of Social Workers) and Germany (the Deutscher Berufsverband für Soziale Arbeit e.V.), respectively, focusing on environmental social work and its implications for the social work profession. The findings suggest that publications from both countries use similar arguments for proving the relevance of climate change issues for the profession but diverge considerably in their focus on how environmental social work should be applied.

Defining Unique Features of Discourse in Club of Funny and Inventive: A Study of Humor in KVN Performances

This article focuses on identifying the distinctive characteristics of discourse within the "Club of the Funny and Inventive" (Russ. KVN). The primary material for this study consists of team performances from the KVN television show. Attention is given to the challenge of defining the concept of discourse, along with a review of major approaches to its interpretation. It is demonstrated that humorous performances in KVN can be analyzed within the existing scientific paradigm as a communicative figure comprising three components: "reality – text – discourse," as well as being viewed as a specific communicative event. The authors examine the ontological characteristics of humor, highlighting its basis in contradiction and its sociocultural nature. Functions such as communication, socialization, identification, and differentiation facilitated by humor are described. The relevance of this research is underscored by the significance of KVN as a cultural phenomenon in shaping and developing humorous discourse as a whole. The article posits that KVN can be regarded as a distinct variety of humorous discourse due to its thematic and stylistic coherence. It is suggested that the specific characteristics and conditions governing KVN lead to the emergence of traits similar to those found in institutional discourse. The novelty of this study lies in articulating the antinomic characteristics of KVN discourse, concluding that their existence is intrinsically linked to the foundational contrast inherent in humor itself.

Paradigm changes in research: Kuhn meets socio-ecological transition theory

Recent research indicates that disruptiveness in science has decreased, triggering discussions about the reason for this. Earlier Thomas Kuhn discussed why revolutions in science are slow but inevitable processes. To better understand transition processes within a scientific discipline, this article draws on a novel transition concept. The concept combines ideas about the structure of scientific revolutions with the concept of adaptive cycles. Combining these two approaches facilitates theorization of the reasons for the reduced disruptiveness at the scientific discipline (system) level. To elucidate the interplay between individuals and the scientific discipline, and thus their role in processes of scientific paradigm shifts, the new model further integrates resilience theory. Factors determining the resilience of an adaptive system explain resistance to change at individual and system levels, as well as the interplay between these two levels. The discourse between environmental and ecological economics is used to illustrate the theoretical discussion and apply the novel transition concept to a specific case. The analysis shows that institutionalization, providing better answers to anomalies, and uncovering maladaptation are key in the transition process.

Indian philosophy as a precursor of the string theory of consciousness. Part 2

Introduction. The article examines the formation of the Ancient Indian philosophy and its connection to consciousness. The Indian philosophy has come a long way from its onset, in parallel with the Chinese and Ancient Greek philosophy. At the same time, the ideas of some of its branches and schools differ in a number of features. Purpose setting. By the example of the Sankhya school of philosophy, we have explored the evolution of the views of Ancient Indian philosophers on the evolution of the Universe, nature and man. We have put particular emphasis on the concept of consciousness.Methodology and methods of the study. In Sankhya system, the fundamental Prakriti and Purusha principles are identified. Other elements are supplementary. Ancient philosophers laid special emphasis on the three vibrating gunas. These are sattva, rajas, and tamas. We have revealed the functional connections between the gunas. The way they interact, in balance or dominance, determines the entire variety of material and spiritual processes. The evolution of the Universe in the Sankhya interpretation is close to the scientific theory of the Big Bang. The development of nature can be traced through the complication of atoms starting from the influence of a stimulus on unconscious chaos. The result of human evolution is the emergence of consciousness derivatives: intellect, mind and I (Ego). This allows better understanding of the behavioral characteristics of an existing personality. Yoga complements Sankhya system and makes it possible to transform consciousness in a number of states.Results. The analysis was carried out using scientific articles and monographs relatively unknown in the Russian press. Cognitive development occurs in a spiral. The scientific theory of strings appeared two and a half millennia after the emergence of the gunas concept. We have made a number of analogies between Ancient Indian gunas and contemporary string theory. And have substantiated the theory of consciousness not with quantum theory, but with a deeper string theory. The concept of consciousness is supported in line with the scientific paradigm of T. Kuhn. The leading ideas are the ideas about information of D. Chalmers and the physicist J. Wheeler.Conclusion. Thus, the phenomenon of consciousness has a silicon and biological basis. We insist on using the semantic concept of artificial consciousness instead of artificial intelligence. Therefore, between human consciousness and artificial consciousness there may be dangerous risks of dominance of the latter.

Redefining Science for Sustainable Development the Nexus of Endogenous Knowledge Systems and Scientific Paradigms

This article explores the integration of Western scientific paradigms and endogenous knowledge systems as a pathway to more inclusive and sustainable development. While Western science, rooted in positivism and empiricism, has driven technological progress, it often overlooks the socio-cultural and ecological contexts specific to local communities, particularly in the Global South. Endogenous knowledge, with its holistic and relational approaches, provides valuable insights for sustainable development. Through a theoretical and conceptual analysis, this paper advocates for epistemological pluralism, which fosters the co-production of knowledge across disciplines and cultures. The study also examines the decolonisation of science, addressing the historical marginalisation of indigenous knowledge and proposing institutional reforms that validate these systems in mainstream development practices. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and participatory research to ensure local communities play an active role in shaping sustainable development strategies. The findings emphasise the need for policy shifts, interdisciplinary research, and institutional changes to ensure equitable inclusion of indigenous knowledge in global sustainability agendas, offering a more culturally sensitive and resilient approach to development.

Authority and Scientific Paradigms

The state of European science at the end of the sixteenth century resembles a kind of epistemological chaos in which there are no clear landmarks and boundaries of the world. Not surprisingly, as some order took shape within it, the revival of science began. It should not be forgotten, moreover, that the word "order" itself is etymologized as cosmos, and the discipline that studies it is cosmology. That is why the first fundamental works on astronomy – Copernicus's “On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres” and Galileo's “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican” – bear such pretentious titles, because they aim to put the whole "world system" in order. The concepts of scientific determination and the objects of cognition must be present in the problem field of the cognitive process, and the problems of knowledge translation and communicability between the subjects of cognition, as well as the extremely complicated interdependencies between the agency of the scientist and his cultural-historical context, should directly and unconcernedly raise the question of defining the range of epistemic values in which the value of truth a priori could not be put in contradiction to the value of one’s outer for the phenomenon heuristic potential or to the consistency of the relevant scientific noosphere.

The allegory of the ice-nine in Cat's Cradle and its return to the economic area in The Road to Ruin

The purpose of this article is to investigate the concept of the ice-nine, both in the literary work of Kurt Vonnegut and in its reapplication in the field of economics by James Rickards. The study, structured in two parts and based on bibliographical research, seeks to explore these themes. The first part, entitled "The ice-nine in Cat's Cradle ", examines the context in which the ice-nine appears in Vonnegut's novel, using as theoretical support authors such as Mikhail Bakhtin (2002, 2013), who addresses the methodology for the study of the novel and the polyphonic characteristic in Dostoevsky's work; Lélia Parreira Duarte (1994), who explores the function of irony; Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2008), who discusses the crisis of the modern scientific paradigm; as well as Flávio R. Kothe (1986) and João Adolfo Hansen (2006), who deal with allegory. The second part, entitled "James Rickards' adaptation of the ice-nine", analyzes the appropriation of the concept in economic discourse and its new meaning in this context. This analysis is based on authors such as Edward Said (2011), who discusses culture and imperialism; Walter Mignolo (2002), who explores the creation of the imaginary within the colonial/modern system; D.N. McCloskey (1996) and Pérsio Arida (2003), who investigate the use of rhetoric and methodological debates in economics; and Thiago Martins Prado (2020), who reflects on the use of literary strategies in economic discourses.

A Systematic Review on Sex Differences in Prepulse Inhibition of Startle

Abstract: Prepulse inhibition of the startle response is defined as the inhibition of the startle reflex to an intense contextual stimulus (named pulse) when a weaker stimulus (named prepulse) precedes it and is considered a measure of sensorimotor gating. Consistent with recent research, it has been observed that this measure might exhibit sex differences in studies of both humans and rodents, although the results in the literature appear to be inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze the sexual differences observed in human and nonhuman animal studies from a comparative perspective. A comprehensive search was conducted from the inception to the present in the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases. Following the search, 58 studies were included in the review. The average age in human studies ( n = 32) was 31.45 years (range = 4–69), while among nonhuman animal studies ( n = 26), the average age was 75.5 postnatal days (range = 7–360). The results indicated no clear sexual differences in the startle response magnitude. However, consistent sex differences in prepulse inhibition were found, revealing that males exhibited higher levels of sensorimotor gating compared to females in both humans (78.79% of the studies) and nonhuman animal studies (69.23% of the studies). Therefore, the findings corroborate the sex differences of prepulse inhibition and underscore the value of this paradigm in comparative science, emphasizing the importance of considering sex as an independent variable when studying this phenomenon.

Philosophical and Methodological Analysis of the Transformation of Paradigms of Science and Education

The article provides a philosophical analysis of nonlinear thinking, shows the relationship of paradigmatic changes in the “science – education” system. The essence of the concepts of instability and nonlinearity in the framework of the theory of synergetics is revealed. The transformation of the paradigm of science and its influence on the model of education is shown. The paradigm of education in a digital society is considered. The position is substantiated that the theoretical and methodological basis of the dynamics of socio-cultural reality is synergetics and nonlinear analysis.

On the nature of nano twin-induced shear band formation in a dispersion strengthened copper alloy under micro-mechanical loading

A key challenge in metallic alloys with high ductility is understanding how microstructural inhomogeneities influence shear localization, leading to localized plastic deformation and material failure. In this study, we explore the phenomenon of shear localization in coarse-grained copper, a material traditionally regarded as having low susceptibility to such behavior. Contrary to conventional understanding, our findings reveal that microstructural inhomogeneities play a pivotal role in inducing extensive strain localization during low strain rate micro-mechanical loading. The presence of fine precipitate particles leads to strain localization at small strains and low strain rates by activating shear localization driven by void formation mechanisms. Furthermore, nanoscale precipitates act as sites for dislocation pile-up within deformed structures of shear bands, leading to the formation of nano twins within these bands. Consequently, precipitate particles serve a dual role: contributing to strain localization and potential cracking, while also enhancing the alloy’s strength and ductility through nano-twinning mechanisms. This investigation offers a novel perspective on the interplay between material microstructure and deformation behavior, challenging existing paradigms in materials science.

CONCEPT OF "DEVOTION": SEMANTIC, COGNITIVE, LINGUOCULTURAL APPROACH

The choice of anthropocentric linguistics as a scientific paradigm is due to the inclusion of the studied problems in the study of the semiosphere of the inner world of man, which is one of the priorities of modern research. In modern linguistics, it becomes relevant to understand and describe the linguistic ontology of the concept of “loyalty” to the fullest extent possible, to identify and form the conceptual properties of the concept, to characterize its objective structure as a moral concept.

Sustainable development: A fourth paradigm for twenty-first century careers

This contribution proposes a fourth paradigm for twenty-first century careers adopting a sustainable development framework. First the evolution of the career development field through three paradigms (individual differences, individual development, life design) of career science and practice is offered. Then sustainable development as a fourth paradigm is introduced considering two pillars, Sustainability Science including contributions from the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, and Human Security Psychology. Enhancing the well-being of individuals and environments, the fourth paradigm asks for redefining sustainable careers, career intervention, and skills for career counselors. Decent work, decent lives and healthy lives issues are included.

A sound-vibration physical-information fusion constraint-guided deep learning method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis

Although current deep learning models for bearing fault diagnosis have achieved excellent accuracy, the lack of constraint-guided learning of the physical mechanisms of real bearing failures and a physically scientific training paradigm leads to low interpretability and unreliability of intelligent fault diagnosis models. In this study, a sound-vibration physical-information fusion constraint-guided (PFCG) deep learning (DL) method is proposed, aiming at weighted fusion of sound and vibration multi-physical information into a deep learning model, to guide the DL model to learn more realistic physical laws of bearing failure. Firstly, a 15-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamics model of multi-stage degraded bearing failure mechanism with sound-vibration response is developed, which considers the evolutionary mechanism of bearing failure from healthy state to different stages, and utilizes a particle filtering algorithm for dynamic calibration of hidden parameters. Moreover, a lightweight DL fault diagnosis model is designed to realize the deep interaction between the physical model and the DL model through the weighted fusion of the cross-entropy loss function, physical consistency loss and uncertainty loss. Moreover, the superior diagnostic performance of the proposed sound and vibration PFCG-DL model is verified by comparing the performance fluctuations and parameter attributes of different DL benchmark models before and after being guided by physical information fusion constraints (PFCG). Eventually, the proposed PFCG-Transformer model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 99.45% while keeping the number of parameters at only 0.62M, which significantly improves the accuracy and reduces the computational complexity by 81.5% compared to the CAME-Transformer model's 3.24 M number of parameters and 95.00% diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the test time of PFCG-Transformer is reduced to 1.02 s, which is 60.2% less than CAME-Transformer, demonstrating higher computational efficiency and real-time performance. Importantly, in terms of interpretability, the engineering interpretability and credibility of the models are further improved by visualizing the feature learning results of the vibration modal and multimodal fusion models and the sensitivity analyses of the sound-vibration response models with internal and external physical hyperparameters. Therefore, this study proposes a physical information-guided deep learning method with strong interpretability and superior performance, which provides an important reference for further research and application in the field of bearing fault diagnosis.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FAILURE WITH PATIENTS IN A STATE OF PSYCHOTRAUMA: FAMILY CONSTALKING ACCORDING TO HELLINGER

The method of family constellations was developed in the 90s by the former missionary Bert Hellinger and combined some elements of well-established family therapy. The leading questions of this article, formulated mainly from the ideas set out in Hellinger's works, are the following: what is the method of constellations today, what risks for patients actually exist and what should be the attitude of scientific psychotherapy to the method of constellations? The dynamics of the method and the risks associated with it are illustrated using examples from Hellinger's works. Cases of trauma are recorded. Actions for introducing the technique of constellations into professional circulation are considered. Conclusion: the method of constellations has high risks for all patients with serious psychological problems, especially for patients with psychological trauma. An additional problem is that it is difficult to assume whether a constellation specialist uses the dangerous elements practiced by Hellinger or not. So, if a psychotherapist who adheres to a scientific paradigm wants to integrate some elements of constellation techniques, then it is necessary to find a new term, not loaded with “Helenghian” connotations, and think over a way to protect against retraumatization.

Границы естественнонаучной парадигмы Ф. Бэкона: предпосылки деонтологизации науки

The article examines the metaphysical provisions of Francis Bacon’s philosophical doctrine, which the thinker identified as the initial and intrinsic conditions of scientific knowledge. The author demonstrates that the new scientific paradigm formulated by the English philosopher is based on the traditional Western metaphysical concepts of “first cause” and “God”. It is shown that, despite Bacon’s significant focus on developing a new method for scientific inquiry, metaphysics is an essential aspect of his doctrine and serves as a necessary pre-requisite for scientific activity. The fact of the gradual displacement of this component of the thinker’s views from subsequent scientific reflection is also considered, using the example of the teachings of L. Feuerbach, O. Comte, K. Marx, E. Husserl, K. Jaspers, and J. Habermas. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that neglecting the content of classical metaphysics, as considered by F. Bacon, has a destructive impact on modern science.